BACKGROUND:Bone remodeling is the biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement.Type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to metabolic changes in the jaw and alveolar bone,so it is hypothesized that tooth mobility characteristics may be altered in a high-sugar environment.OBJECTIVE:To explore the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on orthodontic tooth movement in rats within one tooth movement cycle.METHODS:Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were selected.Forty rats were randomly chosen and fed with a high-fat diet to construct a type 2 diabetes mellitus model.Thirty-two rats that were successfully modeled were randomly divided into a type 2 diabetes mellitus group(n=16)and a diabetic orthodontic group(n=16).The remaining 32 rats were randomly divided into a control group(n=16)and an orthodontic group(n=16).The rats in the orthodontic group and the diabetic orthodontic group were equipped with nickel-titanium coil spring orthodontic force application devices to move the unilateral maxillary first molars mesially with a force of 50 g.The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed on the 3rd,7th,14th,and 21st days after orthodontic treatment,and Micro-CT was used to measure the mesial displacement of the first molars and detect the changes in the bone microstructure parameters on the tension side.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were significant differences in the tooth movement distances among the four groups of rats on the 3rd,7th,14th,and 21st days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in bone mineral density,bone volume fraction and trabecular bone separation on the tension side among the four groups on the 7th,14th,and 21st days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).There were differences in the trabecular thickness among the four groups on the 3rd and 14th days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).The diabetic orthodontic group had the smallest tension-side alveolar bone mineral density,bone volume fraction,and trabecular thickness,and the largest tooth movement distance and trabecular separation on the 21st day of orthodontic treatment.The above results indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus adversely affects bone microstructural parameters on the tension side in orthodontic tooth movement in rats,suggesting the occurrence of an osteoporotic state.

BACKGROUND:Bone remodeling is the biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement.Type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to metabolic changes in the jaw and alveolar bone,so it is hypothesized that tooth mobility characteristics may be altered in a high-sugar environment.OBJECTIVE:To explore the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on orthodontic tooth movement in rats within one tooth movement cycle.METHODS:Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were selected.Forty rats were randomly chosen and fed with a high-fat diet to construct a type 2 diabetes mellitus model.Thirty-two rats that were successfully modeled were randomly divided into a type 2 diabetes mellitus group(n=16)and a diabetic orthodontic group(n=16).The remaining 32 rats were randomly divided into a control group(n=16)and an orthodontic group(n=16).The rats in the orthodontic group and the diabetic orthodontic group were equipped with nickel-titanium coil spring orthodontic force application devices to move the unilateral maxillary first molars mesially with a force of 50 g.The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed on the 3rd,7th,14th,and 21st days after orthodontic treatment,and Micro-CT was used to measure the mesial displacement of the first molars and detect the changes in the bone microstructure parameters on the tension side.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were significant differences in the tooth movement distances among the four groups of rats on the 3rd,7th,14th,and 21st days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in bone mineral density,bone volume fraction and trabecular bone separation on the tension side among the four groups on the 7th,14th,and 21st days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).There were differences in the trabecular thickness among the four groups on the 3rd and 14th days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).The diabetic orthodontic group had the smallest tension-side alveolar bone mineral density,bone volume fraction,and trabecular thickness,and the largest tooth movement distance and trabecular separation on the 21st day of orthodontic treatment.The above results indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus adversely affects bone microstructural parameters on the tension side in orthodontic tooth movement in rats,suggesting the occurrence of an osteoporotic state.

Recently, intelligent care is gradually changing the traditional care way, and artificial intelligence (AI) application is gradually broadening in the field of assisted reproduction. This review systematically analyzes the AI application in multiple aspects of reproductive health care. It also indicates the challenge during the process, including data privacy, technical reliability, ethics and legal provisions, and humanistic care. Both the opportunities of AI in assisted reproduction are highlighted and the ensuing problems are analyzed in depth. The purpose is to provide ideas for future studies to ensure that AI technology can be safely, efficiently and responsibly integrated with the field of reproductive health care.

BACKGROUND:Micro-implants of a small size may injure the maxillary sinus,adjacent tooth roots and mandibular nerves during implantation surgery,which requires precise positioning and accurate implant orientation.OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical value of a cone-beam CT-based three-dimensional(3D)printing guide plate for guiding orthodontic micro-implant nail implantation.METHODS:Sixteen patients admitted to the Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from December 2021 to December 2023 who required implantation of micro-implant anchorage were selected.The CT scan data of the patient's dental jaw from the infraorbital margin to the hyoid bone were collected and imported into Mimics 17.0 for threshold segmentation to obtain a 3D model of the crowns,roots,and bone cortex,and a digital model of the patient's intra-oral hard and soft tissues was scanned with the iTero Oral Scanner.The CT images were optimally overlapped with the intraoral scan model to design and fabricate a micro-implant guide plate.Sixteen implants were placed under the guidance of this plate.Postoperative cone-beam CT images were taken for 3D reconstruction and distance between the micro-implant and the layer closest to the tooth was measured to assess the safety of micro-implants.Cone-beam CT images were compared before and after surgery,and deviation between micro-implant crown and tip and angle deviation between micro-implant crown and tip were measured.Orthodontic follow-up was performed for 6 months to record micro-implant loosening and detachment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No contact between the 16 anchorage nails and the tooth root or adjacent tissues was found in the postoperative images.Results of the comparison of preoperative and postoperative images indicated that the cap end deviation was(1.07±0.65)mm,the tip deviation was(1.51+0.47)mm,the angle deviation was(7.40+4.63)°,and the distance between the micro-implant and the layer closest to the tooth was(1.17±0.45)mm.There were 10 micro-implants of safety grade Ⅰ and 3 of safety grade Ⅱ.During the follow-up period,the 16 micro-implants did not loosen or fall off and had good stability.The orthodontic implant guide plate based on conical beam CT design can be used for implant implantation,and the preliminary study shows that the implant implantation guided by the guide plate is safe and stable.To conclude,the orthodontic micro-implant implantation guided by cone-beam CT based 3D printed guide plate has good accuracy and stability.

Objective:To investigate microbial ecology in restored milk (RM) -donor human milk (DHM) supplemented with mother's own milk (MOM)-under varying MOM ratios, incubation temperatures, and durations. Methods:This in vitro controlled study utilized breast milk samples collected from mothers of preterm infants (<37 weeks) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children between December 2024 and March 2025, including five MOM samples and one DHM sample. Each MOM sample was mixed with DHM at 10% (RM-10 group) or 30% (RM-30 group) volume ratios. Samples were incubated at room temperature (23-26 ℃) and 37 ℃ for 1 h and 4 h, followed by collection. Microbial α-diversity (Chao/Shannon indices), β-diversity (principal co-ordinates analysis), and taxonomic composition (phylum/genus) were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results:No statistically significant differences in the Chao index or Shannon index were observed between the RM-10 and RM-30 groups across different incubation times and temperatures ( H or F values=7.61 and 93.20, respectively; both P>0.05). At 37 ℃, the microbial composition of the RM-30 group at both 1 h and 4 h showed no significant difference compared to the initial MOM samples ( R=－0.018, P=0.540), with Firmicutes abundance restored to 65%-90% of the initial MOM level. At room temperature, incubation of the RM-30 group partially restored microbial communities (50%-60%), but induced overgrowth of Proteobacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter). Incubation of the RM-10 group at 37 ℃ for 1 h and 4 h also showed no significant difference in microbial composition compared to the initial MOM ( R=－0.004, P=0.442). However, at room temperature, Proteobacteria consistently increased in the RM-10 group samples, and significant differences in microbial composition compared to initial MOM were observed at both 1 h and 4 h ( R=0.179, P=0.027). Conclusion:Under the experimental conditions of this study, preliminary evidence suggests that incubating a blend of DHM and 30% MOM at 37 ℃ for 1 h or 4 h may modulate the microbial composition toward a potentially beneficial profile.

Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial disease that can lead to significant reduction of skeletal muscle mass. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that are closely related to the development of cancer cachexia muscle atrophy. Studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer cachexia muscle atrophy by regulating various signaling pathways, but the mechanism by which miRNAs mediate cancer cachexia muscle atrophy has not been fully clarified. A systematic investigation of the role of miRNAs in cancer cachexia muscle atrophy may provide useful references for the precise treatment of patients with cancer cachexia muscle atrophy.

Objective Exploring the application effect of fragmented resistance exercise in the exercise rehabili-tation of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,providing references for improving their quality of life.Methods From October to December 2024,96 elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to a tertiary hospital in Pingdingshan city were conveniently selected as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group(all n=48)using a random number table method.The experimental group received a fragmented resistance exercise program on the basis of routine pulmonary reha-bilitation,while the control group received routine pulmonary rehabilitation nursing care for a duration of 3 months.The lung function,exercise endurance,quality of life,and exercise compliance were compared between the 2 groups before and after intervention.Results The experimental group ultimately included 46 cases,while the control group ultimately included 47 cases.The lung function of the experimental group was better than that of the control group after 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05),and the exercise compliance scores of the experimental group were high-er than those of the control group after 1 and 3 months of intervention(P＜0.001).Repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was an interaction effect(P＜0.05)in the comparison of exercise endurance and quality of life between the 2 groups.Simple effects analysis showed that the experimental group had better exercise endurance after 3 months of intervention than the control group(P＜0.05),and better quality of life after 1 and 3 months of intervention than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Fragmented resistance exercise can effectively improve lung function,enhance exercise endurance and compliance,and improve quality of life in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pul-monary disease.

Recently, intelligent care is gradually changing the traditional care way, and artificial intelligence (AI) application is gradually broadening in the field of assisted reproduction. This review systematically analyzes the AI application in multiple aspects of reproductive health care. It also indicates the challenge during the process, including data privacy, technical reliability, ethics and legal provisions, and humanistic care. Both the opportunities of AI in assisted reproduction are highlighted and the ensuing problems are analyzed in depth. The purpose is to provide ideas for future studies to ensure that AI technology can be safely, efficiently and responsibly integrated with the field of reproductive health care.

BACKGROUND:Micro-implants of a small size may injure the maxillary sinus,adjacent tooth roots and mandibular nerves during implantation surgery,which requires precise positioning and accurate implant orientation.OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical value of a cone-beam CT-based three-dimensional(3D)printing guide plate for guiding orthodontic micro-implant nail implantation.METHODS:Sixteen patients admitted to the Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from December 2021 to December 2023 who required implantation of micro-implant anchorage were selected.The CT scan data of the patient's dental jaw from the infraorbital margin to the hyoid bone were collected and imported into Mimics 17.0 for threshold segmentation to obtain a 3D model of the crowns,roots,and bone cortex,and a digital model of the patient's intra-oral hard and soft tissues was scanned with the iTero Oral Scanner.The CT images were optimally overlapped with the intraoral scan model to design and fabricate a micro-implant guide plate.Sixteen implants were placed under the guidance of this plate.Postoperative cone-beam CT images were taken for 3D reconstruction and distance between the micro-implant and the layer closest to the tooth was measured to assess the safety of micro-implants.Cone-beam CT images were compared before and after surgery,and deviation between micro-implant crown and tip and angle deviation between micro-implant crown and tip were measured.Orthodontic follow-up was performed for 6 months to record micro-implant loosening and detachment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No contact between the 16 anchorage nails and the tooth root or adjacent tissues was found in the postoperative images.Results of the comparison of preoperative and postoperative images indicated that the cap end deviation was(1.07±0.65)mm,the tip deviation was(1.51+0.47)mm,the angle deviation was(7.40+4.63)°,and the distance between the micro-implant and the layer closest to the tooth was(1.17±0.45)mm.There were 10 micro-implants of safety grade Ⅰ and 3 of safety grade Ⅱ.During the follow-up period,the 16 micro-implants did not loosen or fall off and had good stability.The orthodontic implant guide plate based on conical beam CT design can be used for implant implantation,and the preliminary study shows that the implant implantation guided by the guide plate is safe and stable.To conclude,the orthodontic micro-implant implantation guided by cone-beam CT based 3D printed guide plate has good accuracy and stability.

Objective Exploring the application effect of fragmented resistance exercise in the exercise rehabili-tation of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,providing references for improving their quality of life.Methods From October to December 2024,96 elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to a tertiary hospital in Pingdingshan city were conveniently selected as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group(all n=48)using a random number table method.The experimental group received a fragmented resistance exercise program on the basis of routine pulmonary reha-bilitation,while the control group received routine pulmonary rehabilitation nursing care for a duration of 3 months.The lung function,exercise endurance,quality of life,and exercise compliance were compared between the 2 groups before and after intervention.Results The experimental group ultimately included 46 cases,while the control group ultimately included 47 cases.The lung function of the experimental group was better than that of the control group after 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05),and the exercise compliance scores of the experimental group were high-er than those of the control group after 1 and 3 months of intervention(P＜0.001).Repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was an interaction effect(P＜0.05)in the comparison of exercise endurance and quality of life between the 2 groups.Simple effects analysis showed that the experimental group had better exercise endurance after 3 months of intervention than the control group(P＜0.05),and better quality of life after 1 and 3 months of intervention than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Fragmented resistance exercise can effectively improve lung function,enhance exercise endurance and compliance,and improve quality of life in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pul-monary disease.