In recent years, significant progress has been made in pharmacological research on the treatment of ischemic stroke with monomeric components of traditional Chinese medicine, among which flavonoids have shown good neuroprotective effects. This article reviews the regulatory role of flavonoids in the signaling pathway of ischemic brain injury.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) has high application value in the field of healthcare. However, in practical clinical applications, convenience and system performance should be considered in the use of BCI. Wearable BCIs are generally with high convenience, but their performance in real-life scenario needs to be evaluated. This study proposed a wearable steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI system equipped with a small-sized electroencephalogram (EEG) collector and a high-performance training-free decoding algorithm. Ten healthy subjects participated in the test of BCI system under simplified experimental preparation. The results showed that the average classification accuracy of this BCI was 94.10% for 40 targets, and there was no significant difference compared to the dataset collected under the laboratory condition. The system achieved a maximum information transfer rate (ITR) of 115.25 bit/min with 8-channel signal and 98.49 bit/min with 4-channel signal, indicating that the 4-channel solution can be used as an option for the few-channel BCI. Overall, this wearable SSVEP-BCI can achieve good performance in real-life scenario, which helps to promote BCI technology in clinical practice.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Electroencephalography ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Algorithms ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Adult ; Male

BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma is an important pathohistologic subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Invasive non-mucinous pulmonary adenocarcinomas (INMA) tend to have a poor prognosis due to their significant heterogeneity and diverse histologic components. Establishing a histologic grading system for INMA is crucial for evaluating its malignancy. In 2021, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) proposed that a new histological grading system could better stratify the prognosis of INMA patients. The aim of this study was to establish a visualized nomogram model to predict INMA IASLC grading preoperatively by means of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), fractal dimension (FD), clinical features and conventional CT parameters. METHODS: A total of 112 patients with INMA who underwent preoperative DECT were retrospectively enrolled from March 2021 to January 2025. Patients were categorized into low-intermediate grade and high grade groups based on IASLC grading. The clinical characteristics and conventional CT parameters, including baseline features, biochemical markers, and serum tumor markers, were collected. DECT-derived parameters, including iodine concentration (IC), effective atomic number (eff-Z), and normalized IC (NIC), were collected and determined as NIC ratio (NICr) and fractal dimension (FD). Univariate analysis was employed to compare differences in conventional characteristics and DECT parameters between the two groups. Variables demonstrating statistical significance were subsequently incorporated into a multivariate Logistic regression analysis. A nomogram model integrating clinical data, conventional CT parameters, and DECT parameters was developed to identify independent predictors for IASLC grading of INMA. The discriminatory performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis identified smoking history [odds ratio (OR)=2.848, P=0.041], lobulation sign (OR=2.163, P=0.004), air bronchogram (OR=7.833, P=0.005), eff-Z in arterial phase (OR=4.266, P<0.001), and IC in arterial phase (OR=1.290, P=0.012) as independent and significant predictors for IASLC grading of INMA. The nomogram model constructed based on these indicators demonstrated optimal predictive performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.804 (95%CI: 0.725-0.883), with specificity and sensitivity of 85.3% and 65.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram model based on clinical features, imaging features and spectral CT parameters have a large potential for application in the preoperative noninvasive assessment of INMA IASLC grading.
Humans ; Nomograms ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology* ; Neoplasm Grading ; Adult

Background The association between occupational physical activity (OPA) and cardiometabolic risk factors remains controversial, potentially due to differences in the associations between OPA and various cardiometabolic indicators, as well as the lack of a clearly defined optimal OPA range for multiple-indicator synergistic benefits. Objective To investigate the relationship between OPA and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Hubei Province, and to explore an optimal OPA range for multi-indicator improvements. Methods Data were derived from the Hubei Province dataset of the China Health Evaluation And Risk Reduction Through Nationwide Teamwork from 2015 to 2023, including 19028 high-risk CVD individuals. OPA (metabolic equivalent·h·d⁻¹, MET·h·d⁻¹) was assessed using the China Kadoorie Biobank physical activity questionnaire, anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference) and cardiometabolic indicators (blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles) were measured. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between logOPA quartiles (Q1-Q4) and abnormal cardiometabolic indicators, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were employed to explore their dose-response relationships. Subgroup and interaction analyses were also conducted by gender. Results The median OPA of all participants was 12.86 MET·h·d⁻¹ (male: 14.40 MET·h·d⁻¹, female: 11.14 MET·h·d⁻¹). After adjusting for confounders, compared with the Q1 group, logOPA in the Q4 group was associated with 20% (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.72, 0.89), 14% (OR=0.86, 95%CI: 0.78, 0.96), and 13% (OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.79, 0.95) reduction in the risk of abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and metabolic syndrome (MS), respectively, and 33% (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.18, 1.49), 33% (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.18, 1.50), and 38% (OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.57) increase in the risk of high total cholesterol (TC), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high non-HDL-C, respectively. Similar trends were observed in males and females, with significant positive associations of logOPA with high TC and high non-HDL-C in males (P_interaction<0.05). The risk of low HDL-C decreased rapidly when logOPA was more than 2.213 (OPA>9.14 MET·h·d⁻¹), showing an inverted L-shaped trend. The risk of high TC, high LDL-C, and high non-HDL-C increased beyond logOPA thresholds of 3.244, 2.476, and 3.377 (OPA >25.64, 11.89, and 29.28 MET·h·d⁻¹), respectively, showing a J-shaped trend. However, logOPA exhibited a U-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship with blood pressure and fasting blood glucose abnormalities (P_non-linear<0.05) , with minimal risks at logOPA 2.969 and 2.372 (OPA of 19.47 and 10.72 MET·h·d⁻¹). Conclusion OPA exhibits heterogeneous dose-response patterns across cardiometabolic indicators. Integrating the inverted L-, J-, and U-shaped association patterns, we suggest an optimal OPA range of 9.14−25.64 MET·h·d⁻¹ for multiple cardiometabolic indicators in total individuals at high-risk of CVD, with ranges of 9.61−31.34 MET·h·d⁻¹ for males and 8.97−22.87 MET·h·d⁻¹ for females. These findings provide critical evidence for developing OPA interventions strategies targeting high-risk population for CVD.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)is a complex three-dimensional deformity involving coronal,sagittal,and axial planes,with a prevalence that should not be overlooked.With advancements in technology and in-depth research,an increasing number of hospitals and physicians are exploring standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches for AIS.Comprehensive and in-depth understanding is required for AIS,including its etiology,screening and diagnosis,classification,assessment and examination,treatment options,exploration of current focus,and evaluation of quality of life.Such understanding ensures that the diagnostic and treatment are scientific,standardized,and timely.Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine,a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of AIS is reached after multiple discussions among spinal surgery experts,aiming to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.

Objective:Exploring the effect of radiofrequency ablation treatment to restore sinus rhythm on the improvement of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and cardiac structure in patients with atrial fibrillation combined with moderate or severe FMR, compared with drug therapy alone.Methods:This retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled patients diagnosed with persistent atrial fibrillation and moderate or severe FMR who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2019 to December 2021. Forty-eight patients who were treated with radiofrequency ablation and maintained sinus rhythm were enrolled in the ablation group, and 63 patients who were treated with medication alone during the same period were in the medicine group. Patients in the ablation group and medicine group were matched in a 1∶1 ratio using a propensity score, and 41 patients were finally included in each of the 2 groups. All patients reexamined echocardiography after 3-month of treatment. The proportion of patients with FMR improvement and the differences in changes of cardiac structural and functional parameters were compared between groups.Results:After propensity score matching, the ablation group was aged (69.3±7.1) years with 21 males (51.2%) and the medicine group was aged (71.3±9.4) years with 21 males (51.2%). The echocardiography after 3-month of treatment showed the rate of FMR improvement was significantly higher in the ablation group than in the medicine group (19 (46.3%) vs. 33 (80.5%), P<0.001), and patients in the ablation group showed a significant decrease in FMR extent (Δmitral regurgitation area: (-1.30±2.64) cm 2 vs. (-3.55±2.50) cm 2, P<0.001), left atrial size (Δleft atrial diameter: (-0.17±3.78) mm vs. (-2.46±4.01) mm, P=0.009) and E/e′ (ΔE/e′:-2.54±7.34 vs.-6.34±7.08, P=0.021) compared with the medicine group. There was also a significant decrease in left ventricular size (Δleft ventricular end diastolic diameter: (-3.12±6.62) mm vs. (-0.73±3.62) mm, P=0.046) and significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (Δleft ventricular ejection fraction: (2.73±9.69) % vs. (-0.93±5.41) %, P=0.038) in ablation group. Conclusion:Performing radiofrequency ablation to restore sinus rhythm can effectively reduce the severity of mitral regurgitation and improve left atrial and left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in patients with atrial fibrillation and FMR.

Objective To analyze the main factors influencing the management effect of rural epilepsy prevention and control projects in Hubei Province, and to provide reference for further improving the management effect. Methods According to the phenobarbital treatment and management plan of the rural epilepsy project, the target population was screened and reviewed, and patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the project management. Regular follow-up visits, free drug treatment, health education and other measures were carried out, and all relevant information was collected and integrated into the survey data. After the data was reviewed level by level, SPSS20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results From January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020, among patients treated and managed with phenobarbital in 6 project counties, 1430 patients were treated and managed for more than 1 year, of whom 1119 (78.25%) had no seizures or had more than 75% reduction in the number of seizures during the observation period. Compared with other age groups, the age group of 65 years and above had the highest markedly effective/effective ratio (95.77%). From the point of follow-up, the markedly effective/effective ratio of 5 years and above was the highest (91.51%). Compared with those who received no treatment prior to enrollment and those who received regular treatment, the patients receiving informal treatment had the lowest markedly effective/effective ratio (82.43%). 1213 cases (84.83%) had good compliance during the observation period, of whom 1062 cases (87.55%) had a reduction in the number of seizures by more than 50% compared with that before treatment. Univariate analysis showed that the age of patients, the length of follow-up, the treatment status before enrollment, the average daily dose of phenobarbital and the compliance of patients all had an impact on the management effect, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the markedly effective/effective rate of patients in the age group of 65 years and above was 6.749 times that of the younger age group. Receiving informal treatment prior to enrollment was a risk factor for difficult-to-control epilepsy. The markedly effective/effective rate of patients receiving informal treatment was 0.29 times that of patients never receiving treatment. Good compliance was a protective factor for epilepsy control, and the markedly effective/effective rate of patients with good compliance was 2.058 times that of patients with poor compliance. Conclusion The epilepsy prevention and management project in rural areas has a significant effect on seizure control. Early treatment, standardized treatment, and improvement of treatment compliance are effective ways to improve the management effect of epilepsy patients.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the early diagnostic value of peripheral blood procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer (D-D) levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) complicated with bacterial pneumonia. Methods　A total of 102 patients who admitted to Department of Tuberculosis of Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University from Jan 2021 to May 2022 were enrolled in this study and divided into a group (52 cases) with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and a group (50 cases) with PTB patients complicated with bacterial pneumonia. The levels of PCT, CRP, FIB and D-D in the peripheral blood were measured, the differences and correlations in all indicators were compared among two groups. The sensitivity and specificity of these indicators in the early diagnosis of PTB complicated with bacterial pneumonia were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results　The levels of PCT, CRP, FIB and D-D in the peripheral blood from the PTB complicated with bacterial pneumonia group were 0.06 (0.04, 0.16) ng/mL, 38.00 (3.88, 96.10) mg/L, 4.51 (3.02, 6.07) g/L, and 0.59 (0.34, 1.88) mg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than corresponding 0.04 (0.03, 0.04) ng/mL, 3.20 (0.84, 7.22) mg/L, 2.96 (2.48, 3.77) g/L, and 0.27 (0.17, 0.36) mg/L in the PTB group (Z=-4.784, -5.233, -3.853, -4.199, all P<0.001). Furthermore, the levels of CRP and FIB in the PTB complicated by bacterial pneumonia group were highly positively correlated (r=0.855, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PCT, CRP, FIB and D-D for early diagnosis of PTB complicated with bacterial pneumonia were 0.757, 0.794, 0.747 and 0.764, respectively. In addition, the AUC obtained by simultaneous measurement of PCT, CRP, FIB and D-D was as high as 0.916, and the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing PTB complicated with bacterial pneumonia were increased to 85.7% and 96.9%, respectively, which were higher than those of individual indicators. Conclusions　Levels of peripheral blood PCT, CRP, FIB, and D-D all show varying degrees of increase in patients with PTB complicated with bacterial pneumonia, and detecting the levels of all four markers, rather than any single marker, can assist in early monitoring whether the tuberculosis patients are complicated with bacterial pneumonia.

Objective:To investigate and understand current status of radiotherapy resources in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and analyze the radiotherapy needs of ASEAN countries, aiming to provide suggestions for China's radiotherapy technology international assistance work.Methods:We created a database of 10 ASEAN countries using open-source data, including data on population size, per capita gross national income, new cancer cases, and radiotherapy equipment (megavolt units). We also estimated the number of cases requiring radiotherapy and the demand for radiotherapy equipment. Descriptive statistics were used to present aggregate data and national data.Results:In 2020, the number of new cancer cases in ASEAN countries was 1.0992 million, and the estimated total number of cancer patients requiring radiotherapy was 700 300. The number of radiotherapy equipment required was 1 406. At present, the actual number of radiotherapy equipment in ASEAN countries is 564, and there is a certain gap between the existing radiotherapy resources in some ASEAN countries and the actual needs of cancer patients in their own countries. In 2040, the estimated number of new cancer cases in ASEAN countries will be 1.803 million, and the estimated total number of cancer patients who need radiotherapy in ASEAN countries will be 1.141 2 million. The number of required radiotherapy equipment will be 2 287. By 2040, the growth rate of radiation therapy equipment demand in ASEAN countries will be 305%, and all ASEAN countries need to allocate more radiotherapy resources to cope with the increase in the number of cancer patients and radiotherapy demand.Conclusions:ASEAN countries have a huge demand for radiotherapy in the next two decades, while there are significant differences among different countries. China's precision radiotherapy science and technology have huge potential for ASEAN countries. Radiotherapy science and technology international assistance work based on the needs of ASEAN countries will help China's radiotherapy continue to exert influence and promote the health and well-being of people in ASEAN countries.

[Objective]To explore the potential mechanism of action of Huangqi Sijunzi Decoction in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)by network pharmacology combined with bioinformatics methods.[Methods]The bioactive compounds of drugs and their targets were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)database.Differential gene and module gene of HCC were identified by differential analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA).On this basis,the network of"Components-targets of Chinese drug"was constructed.Subsequently,the biological function of the target was investigated and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed to identify key targets for drug therapy of HCC.Finally,the interaction between the target and the compound was explored by molecular docking.[Results]A total of 156 compounds and 227 targets of 5 Chinese drugs were identified,as well as 2 477 and 685 differential genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)datasets,and 2 104 and 2 165 WGCNA association module genes.Then,the Chinese drug component-target network containing 4 drugs,85 compounds and 9 targets was constructed.Biological function analysis showed that the 9 targets were mainly related to cell cycle,p53 signaling pathway and cell senescence.Meanwhile,two core components of kaempferol and quercetin and five core targets of cyclin A2(CCNA2),estrogen receptor alpha(ESR1),cyclin B1(CCNB1),cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1)and topoisomerase Ⅱ alpha(TOP2A)were screened.Molecular docking results showed that the kaempferol and quercetin had stable binding ability to the corresponding core targets.[Conclusion]Huangqi Sijunzi Decoction may play a therapeutic role in HCC by regulating pathways and proteins related with cell cycle.This study provides research ideas and theoretical support for the treatment of HCC with Huangqi Sijunzi Decoction.