Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that predominantly affects the central face. It can impair appearance and cause various discomforts, thus negatively impacting patients' physical and mental well-being as well as their quality of life. Its pathophysiological mechanisms involve multiple factors. Studies have confirmed that ultraviolet radiation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of rosacea, affecting skin tissues, cells, DNA, and proteins, and inducing oxidative damage. Ultraviolet can lead to the occurrence and development of rosacea by up-regulating the expression of LL-37, matrix metalloproteinase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and reactive oxygen species, and influence their interactions, thereby triggering inflammatory responses, altering the dermal matrix, and promoting capillary dilation and neovascularization, which contribute to the onset and progression of rosacea. Exploring the role of ultraviolet in the pathogenesis of rosacea can provide new strategies for protection and treatment, and enhance awareness of ultraviolet protection among patients with rosacea.
Humans ; Rosacea/metabolism* ; Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects* ; Cathelicidins ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/metabolism* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism* ; Skin/metabolism*

Gyrovirus galga1(GyVg1)and gyrovirus homsa1(GyH1)are two newly discovered cir-coviruses that can cause symptoms related to transmissible viral proventriculitis of chickens.These viruses have been reported in various regions worldwide.This research aims to establish a duplex real-time PCR assay capable of identifying and detecting GyVg1 and GyH1.Specific primers and probes were designed based on the conserved regions of GyVg1 and GyH1 respectively using all genome sequence data currently available in GenBank.After optimizing reaction conditions,the du-plex real-time PCR detection method was established and further validated by comparing it with a conventional PCR assay and sequencing results from an analysis of 256 clinical samples collected in 2023 across eight regions of Nanning,Guangxi.The results showed that GyVg1 and GyH1 could be identified in 1 h by the duplex real-time PCR assay and two pairs of primer probes can amplify effectively but there is no any cross reaction with other pathogens.Besides,the detection limit was determined to be 7.5 copies/μL.The correlation coefficient of standard curves exceeded 0.99,and CV for intra-and inter-assay was less than 0.45％.Based on clinical performance,when the quanti-ty of template was greater than or equal to 100 copies,the agreements between the duplex real-time PCR assay and the conventional PCR assay were 94.3％(GyVg1)and 100％(GyH1).In con-clusion,the newly developed duplex real-time PCR assays exhibited good specificity,sensitivity and repeatability,which could contribute to the rapid detection and differentiation of GyVg1 and GyH1.

Organoids have become an important technological platform in cancer research,but simulating the primary tumor tissue structure and function still presents problems.The development of gene-editing technology,especially when combined with tumor organoids,provides a new approach for accurately and comprehensively simulating the in vivo characteristics of tumor models.Introducing specific gene mutations or correcting mutations in tumor organoids through gene-editing technology can allow detailed analysis of the mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression,as well as exploring potential therapeutic targets,accelerating the drug-screening process,and providing new insights for personalized cancer treatment.This article reviews the formation of tumor organoids and the technical aspects of gene-editing strategies,emphasizing their unique applications and prospects in tumor organoids.We also propose that accurately simulating the in vivo microenvironment,promoting the standardization and stability of organoid gene-editing technology,and optimizing the efficiency of gene editing can accelerate the application of organoids in precision medicine research.

To establish a double fluorescent RT-LAMP that can distinguish between chicken astro-virus(CAstV)and avian nephritis virus(ANV),two sets of specific primers and probes labeled with fluorescent groups were designed by comparing the conserved sequences of CAstV ORF1b gene and ANV ORF1b gene downloaded from GenBank.The CAstV probe was labeled with CY3 fluorophore at the 3'end and the quencher BHQ2 at the 5'end.The ANV probe was labeled with CY3 fluorophore at the 3'end and the quencher BHQ2 at the 5'end.The reaction system of the method was optimized,and specificity,repeatability,interference,sensitivity,and clinical sample detection were performed.The results were compared with RT-qPCR and RT-PCR to verify the ef-fectiveness of the method.The experimental results showed that the established double fluorescence RT-LAMP method could complete the reaction within 60 min,and the optimal reac-tion temperature was 65 ℃.This method only detects ANV and CAstV,with no cross-reactivity to other common avian pathogens.The minimum detection limit of CAstV was 1.4 ×10 2 copies/μL,and the minimum detection limit of ANV was 1.5×10 2 copies/μL.The interference and reproduc-ibility tests were good.Compared with RT-qPCR,the coincidence rates of CAstV and ANV were 97.97％and 98.85％,respectively.In conclusion,the double fluorescence RT-LAMP method estab-lished in this study has the characteristics of rapidity,accuracy,good specificity,high sensitivity and good reproducibility,which is suitable for clinical diagnosis and provides technical support for the epidemiological investigation of CAstV and ANV.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,hydrochlorothiazide and reserpine in compound reserpine and triamterene in rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into three groups.Compound reserpine and triamterene was given at dose of 3.6,10.8 and 32.4 mg·kg-1 by single oral gavage,respectively.HPLC-MS was used to measure the blood concentrations of dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,hydrochlorothiazide,and reserpine at various time points.DAS software was used to compute the pharmacokinetic parameters.Results After a single oral gavage of 3.6,10.8 and 32.4 mg·kg-1 of compound reserpine tablets triamterene,the tmax of dihydralazine sulfate in rat plasma were 1.50,1.33,and 1.42 h,and the Cmax of dihydralazine sulfate were 12.30,38.31 and 120.52 μg·L-1,respectively.The tmax of triamterene were 1.33,1.33,and 1.42 h,and the Cmax of triamterene were 20.93,67.36,and 168.64 μg·L-1,respectively.The tmax of hydrochlorothiazide were 2.00,2.00,and 1.75 h,and the Cmax of hydrochlorothiazide were 19.89,57.58,and 160.78 μg·L-1,respectively.Risperdal was found at very low levels in rat plasma,and only trace amounts were detected at 1.00 and 1.50 h of 32.4 mg·kg-1 administration.Conclusions Dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,and hydrochlorothiazide can be eliminated quickly after compound reserpine and triamterene was given orally to rats,and their oral absorption is basically linear.The greater the dosage,the better the absorption of effective components.

Gyrovirus galga1(GyVg1)and gyrovirus homsa1(GyH1)are two newly discovered cir-coviruses that can cause symptoms related to transmissible viral proventriculitis of chickens.These viruses have been reported in various regions worldwide.This research aims to establish a duplex real-time PCR assay capable of identifying and detecting GyVg1 and GyH1.Specific primers and probes were designed based on the conserved regions of GyVg1 and GyH1 respectively using all genome sequence data currently available in GenBank.After optimizing reaction conditions,the du-plex real-time PCR detection method was established and further validated by comparing it with a conventional PCR assay and sequencing results from an analysis of 256 clinical samples collected in 2023 across eight regions of Nanning,Guangxi.The results showed that GyVg1 and GyH1 could be identified in 1 h by the duplex real-time PCR assay and two pairs of primer probes can amplify effectively but there is no any cross reaction with other pathogens.Besides,the detection limit was determined to be 7.5 copies/μL.The correlation coefficient of standard curves exceeded 0.99,and CV for intra-and inter-assay was less than 0.45％.Based on clinical performance,when the quanti-ty of template was greater than or equal to 100 copies,the agreements between the duplex real-time PCR assay and the conventional PCR assay were 94.3％(GyVg1)and 100％(GyH1).In con-clusion,the newly developed duplex real-time PCR assays exhibited good specificity,sensitivity and repeatability,which could contribute to the rapid detection and differentiation of GyVg1 and GyH1.

Organoids have become an important technological platform in cancer research,but simulating the primary tumor tissue structure and function still presents problems.The development of gene-editing technology,especially when combined with tumor organoids,provides a new approach for accurately and comprehensively simulating the in vivo characteristics of tumor models.Introducing specific gene mutations or correcting mutations in tumor organoids through gene-editing technology can allow detailed analysis of the mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression,as well as exploring potential therapeutic targets,accelerating the drug-screening process,and providing new insights for personalized cancer treatment.This article reviews the formation of tumor organoids and the technical aspects of gene-editing strategies,emphasizing their unique applications and prospects in tumor organoids.We also propose that accurately simulating the in vivo microenvironment,promoting the standardization and stability of organoid gene-editing technology,and optimizing the efficiency of gene editing can accelerate the application of organoids in precision medicine research.

To establish a double fluorescent RT-LAMP that can distinguish between chicken astro-virus(CAstV)and avian nephritis virus(ANV),two sets of specific primers and probes labeled with fluorescent groups were designed by comparing the conserved sequences of CAstV ORF1b gene and ANV ORF1b gene downloaded from GenBank.The CAstV probe was labeled with CY3 fluorophore at the 3'end and the quencher BHQ2 at the 5'end.The ANV probe was labeled with CY3 fluorophore at the 3'end and the quencher BHQ2 at the 5'end.The reaction system of the method was optimized,and specificity,repeatability,interference,sensitivity,and clinical sample detection were performed.The results were compared with RT-qPCR and RT-PCR to verify the ef-fectiveness of the method.The experimental results showed that the established double fluorescence RT-LAMP method could complete the reaction within 60 min,and the optimal reac-tion temperature was 65 ℃.This method only detects ANV and CAstV,with no cross-reactivity to other common avian pathogens.The minimum detection limit of CAstV was 1.4 ×10 2 copies/μL,and the minimum detection limit of ANV was 1.5×10 2 copies/μL.The interference and reproduc-ibility tests were good.Compared with RT-qPCR,the coincidence rates of CAstV and ANV were 97.97％and 98.85％,respectively.In conclusion,the double fluorescence RT-LAMP method estab-lished in this study has the characteristics of rapidity,accuracy,good specificity,high sensitivity and good reproducibility,which is suitable for clinical diagnosis and provides technical support for the epidemiological investigation of CAstV and ANV.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,hydrochlorothiazide and reserpine in compound reserpine and triamterene in rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into three groups.Compound reserpine and triamterene was given at dose of 3.6,10.8 and 32.4 mg·kg-1 by single oral gavage,respectively.HPLC-MS was used to measure the blood concentrations of dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,hydrochlorothiazide,and reserpine at various time points.DAS software was used to compute the pharmacokinetic parameters.Results After a single oral gavage of 3.6,10.8 and 32.4 mg·kg-1 of compound reserpine tablets triamterene,the tmax of dihydralazine sulfate in rat plasma were 1.50,1.33,and 1.42 h,and the Cmax of dihydralazine sulfate were 12.30,38.31 and 120.52 μg·L-1,respectively.The tmax of triamterene were 1.33,1.33,and 1.42 h,and the Cmax of triamterene were 20.93,67.36,and 168.64 μg·L-1,respectively.The tmax of hydrochlorothiazide were 2.00,2.00,and 1.75 h,and the Cmax of hydrochlorothiazide were 19.89,57.58,and 160.78 μg·L-1,respectively.Risperdal was found at very low levels in rat plasma,and only trace amounts were detected at 1.00 and 1.50 h of 32.4 mg·kg-1 administration.Conclusions Dihydralazine sulfate,triamterene,and hydrochlorothiazide can be eliminated quickly after compound reserpine and triamterene was given orally to rats,and their oral absorption is basically linear.The greater the dosage,the better the absorption of effective components.

In recent years, monotherapy and combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved good efficacy in a variety of malignancies from solid tumors to lymphomas and have become a standardized and systematic treatment modality for many cancers. However, there is still a lack of studies on the safety of ICIs in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients with malignancies, and early studies have reported HBV reactivation due to ICI antitumor therapy in clinical practice. With reference to related literature, this article reviews the recent clinical trials and application of ICIs in cancer patients with chronic viral infection and clarifies the efficacy and safety of ICIs in this special population, in order to provide a reference for clinical medication.