Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Harbin City from 2015 to 2024, so as to provide the basis for formulating pertussis prevention and control measures. Methods: The incidence data of pertussis in Harbin City from 2015 to 2024 were collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the vaccination data were collected through the Immunization Program Information System of Heilongjiang Province. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, regional and population distribution characteristics of pertussis incidence as well as the immunization history of pertussis cases. Results: A total of 417 cases of pertussis were reported in Harbin City from 2015 to 2024, with an average annual reported incidence of 0.41/100 000. The reported incidence increased from 0.18/100 000 in 2015 to 0.64/100 000 in 2024, showing an overall upward trend (P<0.05). The peak incidence period was from August to November, with 253 cases, accounting for 60.67%. The average annual reported incidences of pertussis in Shuangcheng District, Nangang District and Daoli District were relatively high, at 1.09/100 000, 0.93/100 000 and 0.52/100 000, respectively. There were 223 male cases and 194 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.15∶1. The average annual reported incidence of pertussis was 0.45/100 000 in males and 0.39/100 000 in females, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Cases were predominantly distributed among children under 6 months and those aged 6 to under 10 years, with 176 and 144 cases, accounting for 42.21% and 34.53% respectively. The majority of cases were scattered children, with 266 cases (63.79%). There were 175 cases (41.97%) without diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine and 172 cases (41.25%) who had completed the full course of immunization. Conclusions The incidence of pertussis in Harbin City showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2024. Autumn was identified as the peak season for disease onset. Shuangcheng District and Nangang District were the high-incidence areas. Children under 6 months, those aged 6 to under 10 years, scattered children, and those who had not received the DTP vaccine were the high-risk groups. It is recommended to improve pertussis surveillance strategies and strengthen childhood immunization programs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of functional perforator flaps utilizing the superficial circumflex iliac artery as a vascular pedicle, as well as chimeric iliac bone flaps, in the reconstruction of composite tissue defects in the hand and foot. METHODS: A retrospective review of the clinical data from 13 patients suffering from severe hand or foot injuries, treated between May 2019 and January 2025, was conducted. The cohort comprised 8 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 31 to 67 years (mean, 48.5 years). The injuries caused by mechanical crush incidents (n=9) and traffic accidents (n=4). The distribution of injury sites included 8 cases involving the hand and 5 cases involving the foot. Preoperatively, all patients exhibited bone defects ranging from 2.0 to 6.5 cm and soft tissue defects ranging from 10 to 210 cm². Reconstruction was performed using functional perforator flaps based on the superficial circumflex iliac artery and chimeric iliac bone flaps. The size of iliac bone flaps ranged from 2.5 cm×1.0 cm×1.0 cm to 7.0 cm×2.0 cm×1.5 cm, while the size of the soft tissue flaps ranged from 4 cm×3 cm to 15 cm×8 cm. In 1 case with a significant hand defect, a posterior interosseous artery perforator flap measuring 10.0 cm×4.5 cm was utilized as an adjunct. Likewise, an anterolateral thigh perforator flap measuring 25 cm×7 cm was combined in 1 case involving a foot defect. All donor sites were primarily closed. Postoperative flap survival was monitored, and bone healing was evaluated through imaging examination. Functional outcomes were assessed based on the location of the defects: for hand injuries, grip strength, pinch strength, and flap two-point discrimination were measured; for foot injuries, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Maryland Foot Score, plantar pressure distribution and gait symmetry index (GSI) were evaluated. RESULTS: All flaps survived completely, with primary healing observed at both donor and recipient sites. All patients were followed up 6-18 months (mean, 12.2 months). No significant flap swelling or deformity was observed. Imaging examination showed a bone callus crossing rate of 92.3% (12/13) at 3 months after operation, and bone density recovered to more than 80% of the healthy side at 6 months. The time required for bone flap integration ranged from 2 to 6 months (mean, 3.2 months). One patient with a foot injury exhibited hypertrophic scarring at the donor site; however, no major complication, such as infection or bone nonunion, was noted. At 6 months after operation, grip strength in 8 patients involving the hand recovered to 75%-90% of the healthy side (mean, 83.2%), while pinch strength recovered to 70%-85% (mean, 80%). Flap two-point discrimination ranged from 8 to 12 mm, approaching the sensory capacity of the healthy side (5-8 mm). Among the 5 patients involving the foot, the AOFAS score at 8 months was 80.5±7.3, VAS score was 5.2±1.6. According to the Maryland Foot Score, 2 cases were rated as excellent and 3 as good. Gait analysis at 6 months after operation showed GSI above 90%, with plantar pressure distribution closely resembling that of the contralateral foot. CONCLUSION The use of functional perforator flaps based on the superficial circumflex iliac artery, combined with chimeric iliac bone flaps, provides a reliable vascular supply and effective functional restoration for the simultaneous repair of composite bone and soft tissue defects in the hand or foot. This technique represents a viable and effective reconstructive option for composite tissue defects in these anatomical regions.
Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Perforator Flap/transplantation* ; Adult ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Hand Injuries/surgery* ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Foot Injuries/surgery* ; Ilium/transplantation* ; Iliac Artery/surgery* ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Bone Transplantation/methods* ; Treatment Outcome

The incomplete degradation of tumour cells by macrophages (Mϕ) is a contributing factor to tumour progression and metastasis, and the degradation function of Mϕ is mediated through phagosomes and lysosomes. In our preliminary experiments, we found that overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) reduced the ability of Mϕ to degrade engulfed tumour cells. Above this, we screened out liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, which can significantly inhibit NOX2 activity and inhibit tumours, to elucidate that suppressing NOX2 can enhance the ability of Mϕ to degrade tumour cells. We found that the tumour environment could activate the NOX2 activity in Mϕ phagosomes, causing Mϕ to produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus prohibiting the formation of phagolysosomes before degradation. Conversely, inhibiting NOX2 in Mϕ by liquiritin can reduce ROS and promote phagosome-lysosome fusion, therefore improving the enzymatic degradation of tumour cells after phagocytosis, and subsequently promote T cell activity by presenting antigens. We further confirmed that liquiritin down-regulated the expression of the NOX2 specific membrane component protein gp91 phox, blocking its binding to the NOX2 cytoplasmic component proteins p67 phox and p47 phox, thereby inhibiting the activity of NOX2. This study elucidates the specific mechanism by which Mϕ cannot degrade tumour cells after phagocytosis, and indicates that liquiritin can promote the ability of Mϕ to degrade tumour cells by suppressing NOX2.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective To construct a mammography image classification assistant system suitable for Chinese population,and explore the potential of artificial intelligence technology to assist early screening of breast cancer in China.Methods Curated breast imaging subset of digital database for screening mammography(CBIS-DDSM),Mammographic image analysis society database(MIAS)and other international open datasets were used to conduct model training respectively in order to reproduce the mainstream in-depth learning methods in the current literature.The model was also tested on the Chinese breast mammography database(CBMD)provided by Huajiao Technology Co.,Ltd,and the performance was compared.Aiming at the problem that the Chinese population data are not ideal in the performance test of the open dataset training model,an optimization strategy based on the sliding window adjustment mechanism was implemented in combination with the characteristics of Chinese population data.Then a two-stage migration learning method was designed to improve the overall performance of the model,and then development of our system was carried out.Results With the sliding window adjustment mechanism and the CBMD training model after two-stage transfer learning,the accuracy of our developed system was improved from 0.50 of the open datasets to 0.80,precision from 0.54 to 0.82,sensitivity from 0.52 to 0.80,F1 value from 0.52 to 0.80,and AUC value from 0.51 to 0.89 based on the Chinese population dataset as the test set.Conclusion Through the introduction of sliding window adjustment mechanism and two-stage migration learning strategy,the performance of the breast molybdenum target image classification model has been significantly improved in the Chinese population dataset,and our system primarily achieves the purpose of assisting the classification of breast molybdenum target images for the Chinese population.

The incomplete degradation of tumour cells by macrophages(Mφ)is a contributing factor to tumour progression and metastasis,and the degradation function of Mφ is mediated through phagosomes and lysosomes.In our preliminary experiments,we found that overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2)reduced the ability of Mφ to degrade engulfed tumour cells.Above this,we screened out liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,which can significantly inhibit NOX2 activity and inhibit tumours,to elucidate that suppressing NOX2 can enhance the ability of Mφ to degrade tumour cells.We found that the tumour environment could activate the NOX2 activity in Mφ phagosomes,causing Mφ to produce excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),thus prohibiting the formation of phagolysosomes before degradation.Conversely,inhibiting NOX2 in Mφ by liquiritin can reduce ROS and promote phagosome-lysosome fusion,therefore improving the enzymatic degradation of tumour cells after phagocytosis,and subse-quently promote T cell activity by presenting antigens.We further confirmed that liquiritin down-regulated the expression of the NOX2 specific membrane component protein gp91 phox,blocking its binding to the NOX2 cytoplasmic component proteins p67 phox and p47 phox,thereby inhibiting the activity of NOX2.This study elucidates the specific mechanism by which Mφ cannot degrade tumour cells after phagocytosis,and indicates that liquiritin can promote the ability of Mφ to degrade tumour cells by suppressing NOX2.

AIM:To explore the role of miR-195-5p in mediating trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer and to validate its potential as a therapeutic target along with its target gene GPRC5A.METH-ODS:Trastuzumab-resistant gastric cancer cell lines(NCI-N87 and MKN45)were established.Cell viabili-ty under trastuzumab treatment was assessed us-ing CCK-8 assays.Expression levels of miR-195-5p were determined by RT-qPCR.Transfection with miR-195-5p mimics was performed to evaluate changes in trastuzumab sensitivity and prolifera-tion.GPRC5A expression was also measured by RT-qPCR,and the targeting relationship between miR-195-5p and GPRC5A was confirmed using a dual-lu-ciferase reporter assay.RESULTS:Parental cells showed higher sensitivity to trastuzumab than re-sistant cells,with miR-195-5p expression signifi-cantly lower in the latter.Overexpression of miR-195-5p in resistant cells enhanced trastuzumab sen-sitivity and reduced proliferation.GPRC5A was found to be upregulated in resistant cells,and miR-195-5p directly targeted GPRC5A,affecting cell pro-liferation under trastuzumab treatment.CONCLU-SION:miR-195-5p may regulate trastuzumab sensi-tivity in gastric cancer by targeting GPRC5A,sug-gesting potential as a molecular marker for trastu-zumab therapy guidance.

Objective To investigate the application effect of biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with Kegel exercises using vaginal dumbbell in pelvic floor muscle strength rehabilitation of patients with postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD).Methods A prospective study was conducted on 70 PFD patients who were divided into control group(n=34)and combined group(n=36)according to random numbers generated by Excel.Control group received Kegel exercises using vaginal dumbbell,while combined group was given biofeedback electrical stimulation on this basis.Both groups underwent 3 months of continuous treatment.GRRUG method was adopted to assess pelvic floor muscle strength after treatment;a low-frequency neuromuscular stimulation therapy device was used to detect the pelvic floor muscle fiber electromyography value and fatigue value;and female sexual function index(FSFI)was utilized to evaluate the quality of sexual life.The pelvic floor function impairments in two groups were also recorded and compared.Results After treatment,compared with control group,combined group had greater proportions of above grade Ⅲ muscle strength of class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ muscle fibers(P<0.05),higher mean pelvic floor electromyography values of class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ muscle fibers(P<0.05),and lower fatigue value of pelvic floor muscle(P<0.05).In addition,combined group had higher FSFI scores for sexual desire,sexual arousal,vaginal lubrication,orgasm,satisfaction and dyspareunia,and the total score than control group(P<0.05),and the incidence rates of frequent and urgent urination,lumbosacral pain,and vaginal relaxation were lower in combined group as compared with control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of biofeedback electrical stimulation and Kegel exercises using vaginal dumbbell in the treatment of patients with postpartum PFD can significantly improve pelvic floor muscle strength,alleviate symptoms such as frequent and urgent urination,lumbosacral pain and vaginal relaxation,and improve the quality of sexual life.

Objective:To explore whether LBP3 exerts anti-tumor effects by promoting production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)by intestinal microbiota and regulating function of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells(PMN-MDSC).Methods:A subcutaneous H22 liver cancer model was employed to assess anti-tumor activity of LBP3 and its regulatory effects on PMN-MDSC.Pseudo-sterile tumor-bearing mouse model was used to investigate role of intestinal microbiota in tumor suppression of LBP3.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)was conducted to explore immune regulatory role of LBP3-modulated flora.Serum SCFAs levels in tumor-bearing mice were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,and effect of SCFAs butyrate on arginase 1(Arg-1)expression was evaluated in vitro.Results:Both low-dose(125 mg/kg)and high-dose(250 mg/kg)LBP3 signifi-cantly inhibited tumor growth in H22 tumor-bearing mice,also led to a marked reduction in proportion of PMN-MDSC in both spleen and tumor,a reduced proportion of Treg in lymphoid tissues,a decrease in Arg-1 level within tumor,infiltration of CD8+T cells into tumor was significantly enhanced.However,these effects of LBP3 were did not observed in pseudo-sterile mice,while the above changes could be reproduced after fecal supernatant transplantation in high-dose LBP3 treatment group,suggesting a crucial role for gut microbiota.Furthermore,co-expression of Ly6G and SCFA receptor GPR43 in tumor was also observed.LBP3 treatment resulted in increased levels of SCFAs,particularly butyrate,in both blood and tumor tissues.In vitro,butyrate was shown to inhibit Arg-1 expression in MSC-2 cells,further supporting hypothesis that SCFAs mediate immune-modulatory effects of LBP3.Conclusion:LBP3 exerts its anti-tumor effects by promoting SCFA production,which subsequently inhibits function of PMN-MDSC.This highlights LBP3's potential as an immunomodulatory agent in cancer therapy.

AIM:To explore the role of miR-195-5p in mediating trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer and to validate its potential as a therapeutic target along with its target gene GPRC5A.METH-ODS:Trastuzumab-resistant gastric cancer cell lines(NCI-N87 and MKN45)were established.Cell viabili-ty under trastuzumab treatment was assessed us-ing CCK-8 assays.Expression levels of miR-195-5p were determined by RT-qPCR.Transfection with miR-195-5p mimics was performed to evaluate changes in trastuzumab sensitivity and prolifera-tion.GPRC5A expression was also measured by RT-qPCR,and the targeting relationship between miR-195-5p and GPRC5A was confirmed using a dual-lu-ciferase reporter assay.RESULTS:Parental cells showed higher sensitivity to trastuzumab than re-sistant cells,with miR-195-5p expression signifi-cantly lower in the latter.Overexpression of miR-195-5p in resistant cells enhanced trastuzumab sen-sitivity and reduced proliferation.GPRC5A was found to be upregulated in resistant cells,and miR-195-5p directly targeted GPRC5A,affecting cell pro-liferation under trastuzumab treatment.CONCLU-SION:miR-195-5p may regulate trastuzumab sensi-tivity in gastric cancer by targeting GPRC5A,sug-gesting potential as a molecular marker for trastu-zumab therapy guidance.