Objective: To analyze the serological phenotypes and molecular genetic characteristics of a proband with ABO forward and reverse typing discrepancy and their family members, and to investigate the molecular genetic mechanism underlying the Ael/AelB phenotype caused by the c. 575T>C variant on an ABO A1.02 background. Methods: Serological testing and adsorption-elution assays were performed for blood group identification of the proband and family members. PCR-SBT, cloning sequencing, and Nanopore third-generation sequencing were used to analyze ABO gene variants and haplotypes. Phyre2 and PyMOL were used to predict the effect of the p. Ile192Thr variant on the structure of glycosyltransferase A (GTA), and plasma GTA activity was evaluated using an in vitro transferase assay. Results: Among thirteen family members, four members showed a serological phenotype consistent with the Ael subtype and one with the AelB subtype. Cloning sequencing and third-generation sequencing confirmed that five family members carried the ABO A1.02 (c. 575T>C) variant, which co-segregated with the weak A phenotype in the family. Structural modeling suggested that p. Ile192Thr may alter the local spatial conformation and hydrogen-bond interactions of GTA. Plasma GTA activity testing showed markedly reduced GTA activity in the tested individuals. Conclusion: The ABO A1.02 (c. 575T>C) variant is associated with the Ael/AelB phenotype. The p. Ile192Thr substitution may weaken A antigen expression by altering GTA conformation and reducing enzymatic activity. This study provides additional evidence for the role of this variant in the Ael/AelB phenotype from the perspectives of familial inheritance, full-length haplotype analysis, and functional assessment, which is important for accurate ABO subtype identification and individualized transfusion strategies.

ObjectiveTo study the tumor inhibition and T helper cell （Th）1/Th2 balance regulation effect of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription on lung cancer tumor-bearing mice and to elaborate its mechanism. MethodsA mouse model bearing a lung cancer tumor was established by subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung cancer cells into the armpit and was randomly divided into lung cancer model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and positive control group， with 12 mice per group. The low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription were given modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription by dosing at 2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， once a day， respectively. The positive control group was intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin （2 mg·kg^-1）， once every other day， for a total of 30 days. Serum interferon （IFN）-γ， interleukin （IL）-2， IL-4， IL-6， and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and spleen index， thymus index， and tumor growth inhibition rate were calculated. Tumor microvascular density was determined by immunohistochemistry， and tumor hypoxia inducible-factor （HIF）-1α， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） mRNA were determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The protein levels of HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with lung cancer model group， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription groups and positive control group， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. Compared to the low-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the high-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription compared to the medium-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Wenyang Sanjie prescription can significantly inhibit microangiogenesis， regulate Th1/Th2 balance， inhibit tumor growth， and significantly inhibit the progression of lung cancer in mice.

ObjectiveTo study the tumor inhibition and T helper cell （Th）1/Th2 balance regulation effect of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription on lung cancer tumor-bearing mice and to elaborate its mechanism. MethodsA mouse model bearing a lung cancer tumor was established by subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung cancer cells into the armpit and was randomly divided into lung cancer model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and positive control group， with 12 mice per group. The low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription were given modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription by dosing at 2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， once a day， respectively. The positive control group was intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin （2 mg·kg^-1）， once every other day， for a total of 30 days. Serum interferon （IFN）-γ， interleukin （IL）-2， IL-4， IL-6， and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and spleen index， thymus index， and tumor growth inhibition rate were calculated. Tumor microvascular density was determined by immunohistochemistry， and tumor hypoxia inducible-factor （HIF）-1α， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） mRNA were determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The protein levels of HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with lung cancer model group， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription groups and positive control group， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. Compared to the low-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the high-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription compared to the medium-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Wenyang Sanjie prescription can significantly inhibit microangiogenesis， regulate Th1/Th2 balance， inhibit tumor growth， and significantly inhibit the progression of lung cancer in mice.

Objective To investigate the value of multimodal ultrasound combined with immune-inflammatory indicators in predicting axillary lymph node(ALN)metastasis in patients with breast cancer.Methods The clinical data of 106 breast cancer patients treated in the Ultrasound Depart-ment of Nantong Cancer Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were analyzed,and the patients were divided into ALN metastasis group and non-metastasis group based on postoperative pathological re-sults.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the immune-inflam-matory indicators and ultrasound parameters in both groups.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of each indicator.Results Univariate anal-ysis showed significant differences between the ALN metastasis group and the non-metastasis group in terms of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),aspect ratio,maximum tumor diameter,and Adler blood flow grade(P＜0.05).NLR,PLR,maximum tumor di-ameter,and Adler blood flow grade were independent influencing factors for predicting ALN metastasis in breast cancer(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)for predicting ALN metastasis using multimodal ultrasound combined with immune-inflammatory indicators was 0.877,with a diagnostic sensitivity of 84.7％and a specificity of 76.6％.The predictive efficacy of the combined multi-indicators was significantly higher than that of individual indicators(P＜0.05).Conclusion Multimodal ultrasound combined with immune-inflammatory indicators is associated with ALN metastasis in breast cancer patients and can provide a reference basis for clinical diagnosis,subsequent treatment,and prognosis evaluation.

Panax ginseng, a perennial herbaceous plant and a representative of the Panax genus, is renowned for its exceptional medicinal value and economic benefits, often referred to as the “King of Herbs.” With the increasing market demand and the limited availability of suitable cultivation land, the issue of continuous cropping obstacles for P. ginseng has become increasingly prominent, directly hindering the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. This article summarizes the concept and hazards of continuous cropping obstacles and, drawing on the latest research, provides an in-depth analysis of the causes and response mechanisms. This work aims to establish a solid foundation for future research into the mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles in P. ginseng.

Panax ginseng, a perennial herbaceous plant and a representative of the Panax genus, is renowned for its exceptional medicinal value and economic benefits, often referred to as the “King of Herbs.” With the increasing market demand and the limited availability of suitable cultivation land, the issue of continuous cropping obstacles for P. ginseng has become increasingly prominent, directly hindering the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. This article summarizes the concept and hazards of continuous cropping obstacles and, drawing on the latest research, provides an in-depth analysis of the causes and response mechanisms. This work aims to establish a solid foundation for future research into the mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles in P. ginseng.

Panax ginseng, a perennial herbaceous plant and a representative of the Panax genus, is renowned for its exceptional medicinal value and economic benefits, often referred to as the “King of Herbs.” With the increasing market demand and the limited availability of suitable cultivation land, the issue of continuous cropping obstacles for P. ginseng has become increasingly prominent, directly hindering the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. This article summarizes the concept and hazards of continuous cropping obstacles and, drawing on the latest research, provides an in-depth analysis of the causes and response mechanisms. This work aims to establish a solid foundation for future research into the mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles in P. ginseng.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the biomechanics of three kinds of rigid internal fixation methods for condylar head fractures. METHODS: A three dimensional finite element model of the normal mandible was constructed. It was then used to prepare condylar head fracture finite element model and three kinds of rigid internal fixation finite element model (unilateral tension screw, bilateral tension screw, tension screw+titanium plate). The mechanical characteristics and changes of the mandible condyle under the same mechanical conditions were compared among the three different rigid internal fixation methods. RESULTS: The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of unilateral tension screw were 71.03 MPa and 4.72 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the free end of condyle were 78.45 MPa and 4.50 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 3.27 MPa. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of bilateral tension screw were 70.52 MPa and 4.00 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the free end of condyle were 72.49 MPa and 3.85 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 2.33 MPa. The maximum equivalent stress and maximum displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of tension screw+titanium plate were 67.26 MPa and 2.66 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and maximum displacement of the free end of condyle were 69.66 MPa and 2.50 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 2.18 MPa. CONCLUSIONS The tension screw+titanium plate rigid internal fixation method is the most conducive to biomechanical distribution for condylar head fractures.
Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Mandibular Condyle/surgery* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Mandibular Fractures/surgery* ; Bone Plates ; Titanium ; Stress, Mechanical

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of severe early childhood caries (SECC) treatment combined with local anesthesia under general anesthesia. METHODS: A total of 108 children under 6 years old who underwent SECC dental treatment under general anesthesia at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from March to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of classⅠor Ⅱ. The study subjects were divided into a control group (n=54) and an experimental group (n=54) by retrieving intraoperative cases and postoperative follow-up records. The control group was given general anesthesia through inhalation combined with nasotracheal intubation, whereas the experimental group was given local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine on each treated tooth on the basis of general anesthesia. The basic information, preoperative anesthesia depth, hemodynamic changes during different surgical procedures, postoperative pain, and adverse reactions in the two groups were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in the basic information and preoperative anesthesia depth between the two groups (P>0.05). Among the three procedures (pulpotomy, root canal treatment, and tooth extraction), the three observed indicators in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of patients in the experimental group who needed to take analgesic measures in accordance with the modified facial pain scale (FPS-R) score was significantly lower than that in the control group at postoperative wakefulness and 2 h after surgery (P<0.05). Meanwhile, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups at 24 h after surgery (P>0.05). The proportion of patients in the experimental group who needed to take analgesic measures on the basis of the parent posto-perative pain measurement (PPPM) score was significantly lower than that in the control group when they were awake after surgery (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups at 2 and 24 h after surgery (P>0.05). Moreover, no statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups at 24 h after surgery (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combination of local anesthesia during SECC dental treatment under general anesthesia results in minimal changes in intraoperative hemodynamics and mild postoperative pain response, hence worthy of clinical promotion.
Humans ; Anesthesia, General ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries/therapy* ; Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control* ; Anesthesia, Local/methods* ; Male ; Hemodynamics ; Female ; Lidocaine/administration & dosage* ; Child ; Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage* ; Anesthesia, Dental/methods*

Background: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, commonly known as “Danshen” in China due to the distinctive red color of its roots, is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicines. It is cultivated in various regions across China, and environmental differences among these regions can affect the secondary metabolites of plants, thereby influencing the quality of S. miltiorrhiza. In recent years, increasing demand for S. miltiorrhiza has exacerbated the problem of origin fraud. Therefore, ensuring the authenticity of its geographical origin is crucial for the sustainable development of the industry. Objective: The red coloration of S. miltiorrhiza is closely associated with the content of its primary active compounds, particularly tanshinones. Therefore, both its internal chemical composition and external color characteristics serve as key indicators for quality assessment. This study utilized hyperspectral imaging technology to evaluate its potential in classifying the geographical origin of S. miltiorrhiza. Methods: Spectral data reflecting the internal chemical properties of S. miltiorrhiza were integrated with color information representing its external features through 3 levels of data fusion. These fused datasets were then combined with deep learning algorithms to achieve accurate origin classification. Results: The results demonstrated that the Transformer model combined with soft-voting decision-level fusion achieved the highest classification accuracy of 98.72% by integrating image color and short-wave infrared spectral data. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that integrating hyperspectral imaging spectral data with color information provides a reliable and innovative approach for verifying the authenticity and traceability of S. miltiorrhiza.