ObjectiveTo study the tumor inhibition and T helper cell （Th）1/Th2 balance regulation effect of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription on lung cancer tumor-bearing mice and to elaborate its mechanism. MethodsA mouse model bearing a lung cancer tumor was established by subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung cancer cells into the armpit and was randomly divided into lung cancer model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and positive control group， with 12 mice per group. The low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription were given modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription by dosing at 2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， once a day， respectively. The positive control group was intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin （2 mg·kg^-1）， once every other day， for a total of 30 days. Serum interferon （IFN）-γ， interleukin （IL）-2， IL-4， IL-6， and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and spleen index， thymus index， and tumor growth inhibition rate were calculated. Tumor microvascular density was determined by immunohistochemistry， and tumor hypoxia inducible-factor （HIF）-1α， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） mRNA were determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The protein levels of HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with lung cancer model group， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription groups and positive control group， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. Compared to the low-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the high-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription compared to the medium-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Wenyang Sanjie prescription can significantly inhibit microangiogenesis， regulate Th1/Th2 balance， inhibit tumor growth， and significantly inhibit the progression of lung cancer in mice.

ObjectiveTo study the tumor inhibition and T helper cell （Th）1/Th2 balance regulation effect of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription on lung cancer tumor-bearing mice and to elaborate its mechanism. MethodsA mouse model bearing a lung cancer tumor was established by subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung cancer cells into the armpit and was randomly divided into lung cancer model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and positive control group， with 12 mice per group. The low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription were given modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription by dosing at 2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， once a day， respectively. The positive control group was intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin （2 mg·kg^-1）， once every other day， for a total of 30 days. Serum interferon （IFN）-γ， interleukin （IL）-2， IL-4， IL-6， and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and spleen index， thymus index， and tumor growth inhibition rate were calculated. Tumor microvascular density was determined by immunohistochemistry， and tumor hypoxia inducible-factor （HIF）-1α， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） mRNA were determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The protein levels of HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with lung cancer model group， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription groups and positive control group， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. Compared to the low-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the high-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription compared to the medium-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Wenyang Sanjie prescription can significantly inhibit microangiogenesis， regulate Th1/Th2 balance， inhibit tumor growth， and significantly inhibit the progression of lung cancer in mice.

Objective:To identify the key epithelial cell characteristics that can accurately diagnose eosinophilic chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps（ECRSwNP） through nasal brush sampling and comparing with the pathological results of nasal polyp tissue sections. Methods:Ninety-one patients underwent surgery in the Ophthalmology and ENT Department of the Second People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, from January 2022 to July 2024 were selected. The cohort comprised 58 males and 33 females（mean age: 41.4 years; range: 12.0-71.0）. The clinical characteristics of the patients, including gender, age, disease duration, smoking and drinking history, asthma history, subjective symptoms, sinus CT, and nasal endoscopy scores, were recorded. Nasal brush sampling of nasal polyps and inferior turbinate mucosa was performed before surgery to obtain cytological specimens, and nasal polyp tissues were collected during surgery. The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic nasal polyps were compared, as well as the relationship between nasal brush cytology of nasal polyps and inferior turbinate and nasal polyp histopathology. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results:Among the 91 patients, no significant differences were observed between ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP patients in terms of age, gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and disease duration. The nasal brush cell population in ECRSwNP patients was more likely to contain eosinophils（P<0.001） and less likely to contain lymphocytes and plasma cells（P<0.001）. Additionally, the ciliated cells in ECRSwNP patients exhibited larger widths（P=0.036）, shorter cilium lengths（P<0.001）, and more disordered arrangements（P<0.001） compared to NECRSwNP patients. In nasal brush cells from the inferior turbinate, ECRSwNP patients also showed shorter cilium lengths（P<0.001） and shorter cilia（P=0.024） compared to NECRSwNP patients. Conclusion:There are significant differences in obtaining epithelial cytological information from nasal polyps or inferior turbinates through nasal brush sampling between ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP patients.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Nasal Polyps/complications* ; Sinusitis/complications* ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Adolescent ; Nasal Mucosa/pathology* ; Young Adult ; Rhinitis/complications* ; Eosinophilia/pathology* ; Child ; Eosinophils/pathology* ; Rhinosinusitis

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the biomechanics of three kinds of rigid internal fixation methods for condylar head fractures. METHODS: A three dimensional finite element model of the normal mandible was constructed. It was then used to prepare condylar head fracture finite element model and three kinds of rigid internal fixation finite element model (unilateral tension screw, bilateral tension screw, tension screw+titanium plate). The mechanical characteristics and changes of the mandible condyle under the same mechanical conditions were compared among the three different rigid internal fixation methods. RESULTS: The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of unilateral tension screw were 71.03 MPa and 4.72 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the free end of condyle were 78.45 MPa and 4.50 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 3.27 MPa. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of bilateral tension screw were 70.52 MPa and 4.00 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the free end of condyle were 72.49 MPa and 3.85 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 2.33 MPa. The maximum equivalent stress and maximum displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of tension screw+titanium plate were 67.26 MPa and 2.66 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and maximum displacement of the free end of condyle were 69.66 MPa and 2.50 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 2.18 MPa. CONCLUSIONS The tension screw+titanium plate rigid internal fixation method is the most conducive to biomechanical distribution for condylar head fractures.
Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Mandibular Condyle/surgery* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Mandibular Fractures/surgery* ; Bone Plates ; Titanium ; Stress, Mechanical

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of severe early childhood caries (SECC) treatment combined with local anesthesia under general anesthesia. METHODS: A total of 108 children under 6 years old who underwent SECC dental treatment under general anesthesia at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from March to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of classⅠor Ⅱ. The study subjects were divided into a control group (n=54) and an experimental group (n=54) by retrieving intraoperative cases and postoperative follow-up records. The control group was given general anesthesia through inhalation combined with nasotracheal intubation, whereas the experimental group was given local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine on each treated tooth on the basis of general anesthesia. The basic information, preoperative anesthesia depth, hemodynamic changes during different surgical procedures, postoperative pain, and adverse reactions in the two groups were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in the basic information and preoperative anesthesia depth between the two groups (P>0.05). Among the three procedures (pulpotomy, root canal treatment, and tooth extraction), the three observed indicators in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of patients in the experimental group who needed to take analgesic measures in accordance with the modified facial pain scale (FPS-R) score was significantly lower than that in the control group at postoperative wakefulness and 2 h after surgery (P<0.05). Meanwhile, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups at 24 h after surgery (P>0.05). The proportion of patients in the experimental group who needed to take analgesic measures on the basis of the parent posto-perative pain measurement (PPPM) score was significantly lower than that in the control group when they were awake after surgery (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups at 2 and 24 h after surgery (P>0.05). Moreover, no statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups at 24 h after surgery (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combination of local anesthesia during SECC dental treatment under general anesthesia results in minimal changes in intraoperative hemodynamics and mild postoperative pain response, hence worthy of clinical promotion.
Humans ; Anesthesia, General ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries/therapy* ; Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control* ; Anesthesia, Local/methods* ; Male ; Hemodynamics ; Female ; Lidocaine/administration & dosage* ; Child ; Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage* ; Anesthesia, Dental/methods*

Objective To investigate the changes of mitochondrial respiratory function during myocardial fibrosis in mice with myocardial infarction (MI) and its correlation with the increase of glycolytic flux. Methods Forty C57BL/6N mice were randomized into two equal groups to receive sham operation or ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce acute MI. At 28 days after the operation, 5 mice from each group were euthanized and left ventricular tissue samples were collected for transcriptomic sequencing. FPKM method was used to calculate gene expression levels to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MI mice, which were analyzed using GO and KEGG databases to determine the pathways affecting the disease process. Heat maps were drawn to show the differential expressions of the pathways and the related genes in the enrichment analysis. In primary cultures of neonatal mouse cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), the changes in mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis levels in response to treatment with the pro-fibrotic agonist TGF-β1 were analyzed using Seahorse experiment. Results The mouse models of MI showed significantly increased diastolic and systolic left ventricular diameter (P<0.05) and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.0001). A total of 124 up-regulated and 106 down-regulated DEGs were identified in the myocardial tissues of MI mice, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in fatty acid metabolism, organelles and other metabolic pathways and in the mitochondria. Heat maps revealed fatty acid beta oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased glycolysis levels in MI mice. In the primary culture of CFs, treatment with TGF-β1 significantly reduced the basal and maximum respiratory levels and increased the basal and maximum glycolysis levels (P<0.0001). Conclusion During myocardial fibrosis, energy metabolism remodeling occurs in the CFs, manifested by lowered mitochondrial function and increased energy generation through glycolysis.

Objective:To understand the current state of ethical competence levels of nurses and analyse the factors that influence them, in order to inform the development of targeted training programmes.Methods:This study adopted a cross-sectional survey method and used convenience sampling to select 825 clinical nurses from Tianjin Chest Hospital as the survey objects from July to August, 2023, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, the Ethical Competence Scale, Ethical Competence Support Scale, and Ethical Safety Scale.Results:A total of 818 valid questionnaires were retracted. Among the 818 nurses, 48 were males and 770 were females, the age was (33.19 ± 7.40) years. The total score of nurses ′ Ethical Competence, Ethical Competence Support and Ethical Safety were (118.08 ± 19.96), (215.07 ± 32.02), (48.93 ± 7.55) points, all of which were at a high level. The total score of nurses ′ ethical competence were positively correlated with ethical competence support and ethical safety ( r=0.856, 0.830, both P<0.01); multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the department, the level of ethical competence support, and the level of ethical safety were the influencing factors of the level of ethical competence ( t=5.19, 12.35, 3.88, all P<0.01). Conclusions:Nurses ′ ethical competence, ethical competence support, and ethical safety were at a high level, and the department, the level of ethical competence support, and the level of ethical safety were the factors influencing the level of ethical competence. Nursing managers can provide more ethical education and address ethical issues in multiprofessional discussions, strengthen organizational and personal support for nurses ′ ethical competence, improve nurses ′ ethical safety, and help them implement good ethical care.

Objective:To construct and verify a prognosis model of nomogram for the patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods:7 118 clinical cases with locally advanced OSCC from 2010 to 2015 in SEER database were in-cluded and randomly divided into training set(TS)and validation set(VS)by a 7:3 ratio.In TS,univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk models were used to screen and determine the prognostic factors of locally advanced OSCC,and a nomogram predic-tion model was constructed to predict the cancer specific survival rate(CSS)of patients in 3 and 5 years.In TS and VS,the consis-tency index(C-index)and ROC curves were used to evaluate the differentiation of the model,the calibration curves were used to eval-uate the prediction accuracy of the model,and the decision curve analysis(DC A)method was used to evaluate the clinical applicabil-ity of the model.Results:4 984 and 2 134 cases were respectively included in TS and VS.No statistical difference of the analysis in-dexes was found between the 2 sets(P＞0.05).10 risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients with locally advanced OSCC were identified in TS,including age,sex,race,marital status,location of onset,degree of histological differentiation,T stage,N stage,with or without operation and radiotherapy(P＜0.05).In the TS and VS,the C-index of the nomogram was 0.702 and 0.704 respectively,and the AUC of the 3-year and 5-year CSS was between 0.727 and 0.736.The calibra-tion curves showed that the 3-and 5-year CSS predicted by the nomogram model was in good agreement with the actual CSS.The DCA curves showed that the clinical benefit of the nomogram was better than that of the 7th e-dition of the AJCC TNM staging system.Conclusion:The nomogram constructed in this study can accurately predict the survival rate of OSCC patients with locally advanced tumor.

Objective To investigate the changes of mitochondrial respiratory function during myocardial fibrosis in mice with myocardial infarction (MI) and its correlation with the increase of glycolytic flux. Methods Forty C57BL/6N mice were randomized into two equal groups to receive sham operation or ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce acute MI. At 28 days after the operation, 5 mice from each group were euthanized and left ventricular tissue samples were collected for transcriptomic sequencing. FPKM method was used to calculate gene expression levels to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MI mice, which were analyzed using GO and KEGG databases to determine the pathways affecting the disease process. Heat maps were drawn to show the differential expressions of the pathways and the related genes in the enrichment analysis. In primary cultures of neonatal mouse cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), the changes in mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis levels in response to treatment with the pro-fibrotic agonist TGF-β1 were analyzed using Seahorse experiment. Results The mouse models of MI showed significantly increased diastolic and systolic left ventricular diameter (P<0.05) and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.0001). A total of 124 up-regulated and 106 down-regulated DEGs were identified in the myocardial tissues of MI mice, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in fatty acid metabolism, organelles and other metabolic pathways and in the mitochondria. Heat maps revealed fatty acid beta oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased glycolysis levels in MI mice. In the primary culture of CFs, treatment with TGF-β1 significantly reduced the basal and maximum respiratory levels and increased the basal and maximum glycolysis levels (P<0.0001). Conclusion During myocardial fibrosis, energy metabolism remodeling occurs in the CFs, manifested by lowered mitochondrial function and increased energy generation through glycolysis.

Complicated crown root fracture is a serious combined fracture of the enamel,dentin,and cementum in dental trauma.The treatment method is complicated.During the procedure,the condition of pulp,periodontal,and tooth body should be thoroughly evaluated,and a multidisciplinary approach combined with sequential treatment is recom-mended.This case reported the different treatment and repair processes of one case of two affected teeth after complicat-ed crown root fracture of upper anterior teeth,including regrafting of broken crown after flap surgery at the first visit,di-rect resin repair to remove broken fragments,and pulp treatment and post-crown repair at the second visit.After 18 months of follow-up,the preservation treatment of the affected teeth with complicated crown root fracture was achieved.Therefore,fragment reattachment and post-crown restoration are feasible treatment options for children with complicated crown root fracture.