Background: Tinnitus is a bothersome condition associated with various mechanisms of action. Although treatment methods vary according to these mechanisms, standardized guidelines would benefit both patients and clinicians. We conducted a Delphi study, a method that collects expert opinions through multiple rounds of questionnaires, to reach a consensus on tinnitus treatment with professional experts. Methods: A two-round modified Delphi survey was conducted to develop a clinical consensus on tinnitus treatment. The experts scored each statement on a scale of 1 (highest disagreement) to 9 (highest agreement) for their level of agreement on tinnitus treatment.Consensus was defined when 75% or more of the participants scored 7–9, and 15% or less scored 1–3. To ensure reliability of the responses, the content validity ratio and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were evaluated. Results: Approximately 19 of 31 statements reached a consensus. All 3 statements reached a consensus regarding the candidates for treatment. Regarding treatment, 3 of 8 statements on medication, 2 of 2 statements on tinnitus retraining therapy/cognitive behavioral therapy, and 5 of 7 statements on auditory rehabilitation reached a positive consensus. Although all 6 statements regarding miscellaneous treatment reached a consensus, most were negatively agreed. For treatment with neuromodulation, none of the 5 statements reached a consensus. Conclusion The experts reached a high level of consensus on treatment candidates, tinnitus retraining therapy/cognitive behavioral therapy, and auditory rehabilitation in this modified Delphi study. The results of this study can provide beneficial and practical information for clinicians regarding the treatment of tinnitus.

Background: Tinnitus is a bothersome condition associated with various mechanisms of action. Although treatment methods vary according to these mechanisms, standardized guidelines would benefit both patients and clinicians. We conducted a Delphi study, a method that collects expert opinions through multiple rounds of questionnaires, to reach a consensus on tinnitus treatment with professional experts. Methods: A two-round modified Delphi survey was conducted to develop a clinical consensus on tinnitus treatment. The experts scored each statement on a scale of 1 (highest disagreement) to 9 (highest agreement) for their level of agreement on tinnitus treatment.Consensus was defined when 75% or more of the participants scored 7–9, and 15% or less scored 1–3. To ensure reliability of the responses, the content validity ratio and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were evaluated. Results: Approximately 19 of 31 statements reached a consensus. All 3 statements reached a consensus regarding the candidates for treatment. Regarding treatment, 3 of 8 statements on medication, 2 of 2 statements on tinnitus retraining therapy/cognitive behavioral therapy, and 5 of 7 statements on auditory rehabilitation reached a positive consensus. Although all 6 statements regarding miscellaneous treatment reached a consensus, most were negatively agreed. For treatment with neuromodulation, none of the 5 statements reached a consensus. Conclusion The experts reached a high level of consensus on treatment candidates, tinnitus retraining therapy/cognitive behavioral therapy, and auditory rehabilitation in this modified Delphi study. The results of this study can provide beneficial and practical information for clinicians regarding the treatment of tinnitus.

Background: Tinnitus is a bothersome condition associated with various mechanisms of action. Although treatment methods vary according to these mechanisms, standardized guidelines would benefit both patients and clinicians. We conducted a Delphi study, a method that collects expert opinions through multiple rounds of questionnaires, to reach a consensus on tinnitus treatment with professional experts. Methods: A two-round modified Delphi survey was conducted to develop a clinical consensus on tinnitus treatment. The experts scored each statement on a scale of 1 (highest disagreement) to 9 (highest agreement) for their level of agreement on tinnitus treatment.Consensus was defined when 75% or more of the participants scored 7–9, and 15% or less scored 1–3. To ensure reliability of the responses, the content validity ratio and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were evaluated. Results: Approximately 19 of 31 statements reached a consensus. All 3 statements reached a consensus regarding the candidates for treatment. Regarding treatment, 3 of 8 statements on medication, 2 of 2 statements on tinnitus retraining therapy/cognitive behavioral therapy, and 5 of 7 statements on auditory rehabilitation reached a positive consensus. Although all 6 statements regarding miscellaneous treatment reached a consensus, most were negatively agreed. For treatment with neuromodulation, none of the 5 statements reached a consensus. Conclusion The experts reached a high level of consensus on treatment candidates, tinnitus retraining therapy/cognitive behavioral therapy, and auditory rehabilitation in this modified Delphi study. The results of this study can provide beneficial and practical information for clinicians regarding the treatment of tinnitus.

Background: Tinnitus is a bothersome condition associated with various mechanisms of action. Although treatment methods vary according to these mechanisms, standardized guidelines would benefit both patients and clinicians. We conducted a Delphi study, a method that collects expert opinions through multiple rounds of questionnaires, to reach a consensus on tinnitus treatment with professional experts. Methods: A two-round modified Delphi survey was conducted to develop a clinical consensus on tinnitus treatment. The experts scored each statement on a scale of 1 (highest disagreement) to 9 (highest agreement) for their level of agreement on tinnitus treatment.Consensus was defined when 75% or more of the participants scored 7–9, and 15% or less scored 1–3. To ensure reliability of the responses, the content validity ratio and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were evaluated. Results: Approximately 19 of 31 statements reached a consensus. All 3 statements reached a consensus regarding the candidates for treatment. Regarding treatment, 3 of 8 statements on medication, 2 of 2 statements on tinnitus retraining therapy/cognitive behavioral therapy, and 5 of 7 statements on auditory rehabilitation reached a positive consensus. Although all 6 statements regarding miscellaneous treatment reached a consensus, most were negatively agreed. For treatment with neuromodulation, none of the 5 statements reached a consensus. Conclusion The experts reached a high level of consensus on treatment candidates, tinnitus retraining therapy/cognitive behavioral therapy, and auditory rehabilitation in this modified Delphi study. The results of this study can provide beneficial and practical information for clinicians regarding the treatment of tinnitus.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methylation mediated by methyltransferase 3(METTL3)in regulating lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced endothelial cell permeability changes.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were cultured in vitro.HUVECs were treated with LPS 50,125,250,500,1 000,2 000 ng/ml for 24 h.METTL3 mRNA expression was detected by Real-time PCR.After HUVECs were intervened with 500 ng/ml for 24 h,the methylation level of m6A was detec-ted,and cell permeability was measured by cell permeability test.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of intercellular junction proteins(Claudin-5,Occludin and VE-caherin).METTL3 overexpressed stable cell lines were constructed to measure the changes of m6A methylation level and per-meability of endothelial cells during METTL3 overexpression.Results Compared to the control group,LPS inhibi-ted the expression of HUVECs METTL3 mRNA,decreased the methylation of m6A,increased the cell permeabili-ty,and decreased the mRNA and protein expression of intercellular junction proteins(Claudin-5,Occludin and VE-Caherin).When METTL3 was overexpressed,the m6A methylation levels of endothelial cells were enhanced,and the increase of endothelial cell permeability induced by LPS was reversed.Conclusion METTL3-mediated m6A methylation can improve the permeability of endothelial cells induced by sepsis.

Objective To analyze and verify the factors influencing the prediction model of suicidal ideation of burn patients in hospital based on international scale.Methods The clinical data of 194 burn patients treated in hospi-tal were retrospectively analyzed.General data questionnaire,ISI,HAMD,HAMA,ASDS and BSHS-B were used to evaluate the influencing factors of suicidal ideation.According to the presence or absence of suicidal ideation,the patients were divided into the suicidal ideation group and the non-suicidal ideation group.The baseline data be-tween the groups were compared,univariate screening of meaningful variables was conducted,and multivariate Lo-gistic regression modeling was further conducted.ROC analysis evaluated model differentiation,and internal verifi-cation was conducted.Results According to the baseline data analysis results,there were no statistically signifi-cant differences in age,BMI,years of education,smoking history,estimated percentage of burned area,head and neck burns,hip and perineal burns,and pain scores in the suicidal ideation group(21/194)compared with the non-suicidal ideation group(173/194).Gender(P=0.047),presence or absence of trunk burn(P=0.022),severity of burn(moderate burn:P=0.002;severe burn:P=0.458;extremely severe burn:P=0.169),ISI score(P=0.001),HAMD score(P=0.001),HAMA score(P＜0.001),ASDS score(P=0.003),BSHS-B score(P=0.011)had statistical significance.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of burn(moderate burn:OR=0.103,P=0.009;severe burn:OR=0.351,P=0.223;extremely severe burn:OR=0.103,P=0.095)and HAMA score(OR=1.136,P=0.007)were independent influencing factors for burn patients with suicidal ideation.The Logistic regression prediction model was established by two independent influ-encing factors.ROC analysis results showed that the model had good differentiation(AUC=0.880,95％CI:0.808-0.952,P＜0.001)and the internal verification accuracy was 79.38％.Conclusion The prediction model built on the basis of two independent influencing factors,burn severity and HAMA score,has a good predic-tion accuracy,which is helpful for clinicians to intervene as soon as possible for burn patients with suicidal ideation in hospital,in order to reduce the incidence and enrich clinical psychological research.

[Objective] To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of Antopol Goldman lesion (AGL) in clinical practice. [Methods] Clinical data and diagnosis and treatment process of one AGL case treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literature was reviewed. [Results] The patient presented with painless gross hematuria and right-sided lower back pain.Imaging examination suggested swelling of the right kidney, blood accumulation in the right calyx, renal pelvis and lower ureter, blood clot in the bladder, and multiple small stones in the left kidney.After multidisciplinary consultation, close imaging follow-up, interventional and flexible ureterdscope examination, tumors of hematological diseases, renal hematuria, arteriovenous fistula and collection system were excluded.After conservative treatment, the patient gradually recovered.During the follow-up of 1 year, no hematuria or low back pain recurred. [Conclusion] There is no clear diagnostic standard for AGL.Diagnosis relies on imaging, interventional methods and ureteroscopy.It is necessary to exclude other diseases and adopt conservative treatment.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.

Biomarkers is of great significance for clinical diagnosis. Lateral flow assay (LFA) is a test method which developed based on paper chromatography and has a wide range of applications in testing disease biomarkers. The current researches of LFA mainly focus on the detection specificity, precision and sensitivity, as well as multiple detection of disease markers or simultaneous detection of multiple diseases. This artical reviews the systemic design, working principles of LFA along with the application research of LFA in detecting disease markers, in order to provide reference for development and application of LFA.

Objective:To explore the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of emerging snail-infested sites in different environmental types in Yunnan Province.Methods:The data of snail-infested sites in Yunnan Province from 1950 to 2014 (from Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention), were collected and sorted out, a spatial and temporal database on the distribution of emerging snail-infested sites were established, and the changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of emerging snail-infested sites in different environments types (ditches, tangerines, paddy fields, dry land, beaches and other environments) were studied by using spatial autocorrelation analysis and scanning statistics analysis.Results:From 1950 to 2014, the annual number of emerging snail-infested sites in Yunnan Province reached a peak (1 730) in 1955 and then showed a fluctuating downward trend. From 1993 to 2014, the number of emerging snail-infested sites remained below 100, and increased to 160 and 131, respectively, in 2004 and 2013. The longest mean duration of 43.85 years was recorded for the beaches environment for emerging snail-infested sites, followed by the paddy fields environment with a mean duration of 37.01 years, and the shortest mean duration of 20.44 years for the tangerines environment. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was a positive spatial correlation between the duration of emerging snail-infested sites of different environmental types (global Moran's I ranged from 0.43 to 0.64, P < 0.05). Scanning statistics analysis showed that emerging snail-infested sites of different environmental types had spatial and temporal aggregation ( P < 0.001), with 3- 6 clusters of statistically significant aggregation detected respectively. Conclusion:The emerging snail-infested sites in different environments types in Yunnan Province have spatial and temporal aggregation, and it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and prevention and control of the aggregation areas of different environment types to prevent further spread of the snail.