Tick-borne encephalitis is a central nervous system disease caused by infections with tick-borne pathogens, which is characterized by severe clinical symptoms, multiple sequelae, and a high fatality rate. Currently, there is no cure for tick-borne encephalitis. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most common pathogen of tick-borne encephalitis. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection of TBEV contributes to reducing the mortality of tick-borne encephalitis, improving patients' prognosis, and reducing the risk of TBEV transmission. The currently available serological tests for detection of TBEV infections mainly include neutralization test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay, and nucleic acid tests mainly include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), reverse transcription polymerase spiral reaction, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas)-based assays. This review summarizes the progress of researches on serological and nucleic acid tests for detection of TBEV infections, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of tick-borne encephalitis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between peripheral blood circular RNA Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9 (circBBS9) and circRNA catenin beta 1 (circCTNNB1) and weaning failure of mechanical ventilation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). METHODS: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted. The patients with AECOPD who received invasive mechanical ventilation and passed the spontaneous breathing test (SBT) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2022 to February 2024 were selected as the study subjects. According to the outcome of weaning, the patients were divided into failed weaning group and successful weaning group. At admission and before SBT, the expression levels of circBBS9 and circCTNNB1 in peripheral blood were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). General information, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHEII) score within 24 hours of admission, vital signs before SBT and the most recent laboratory indicators before SBT of the patients were collected. The differences in circBBS9 and circCTNNB1 expression levels and clinical data between the two groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the weaning failure. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to analyze the predictive value of each index on weaning failure. RESULTS: Ultimately, 132 patients with AECOPD who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation and passed the SBT were enrolled in the study. Among them, 82 patients were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation, while 50 patients failed to be weaned, resulting in a weaning failure rate of 37.88%. There was no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of circBBS9 and circCTNNB1 in the peripheral blood at admission of patients between the two groups. The expression level of circBBS9 in the peripheral blood before SBT of patients in the failed weaning group was significantly higher than that in the successful weaning group (2^-ΔΔCt: 131.64±30.24 vs. 100.00±21.32), and the expression level of circCTNNB1 was significantly lower than that in the successful weaning group (2^-ΔΔCt: 79.90±16.82 vs. 100.00±26.43), and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.05). The APACHEII score within 24 hours of admission and the levels of RSBI, SCr, and PCT before SBT in the failed weaning group were significantly higher than those in the successful weaning group [APACHEII score: 22.54±4.62 vs. 16.56±4.58, RSBI: 81.90±16.56 vs. 63.25±17.00, SCr (μmol/L): 100.20±17.27 vs. 89.93±26.29, PCT (μg/L): 1.08±0.18 vs. 0.87±0.22], and the Alb level before SBT was significantly lower than that in the successful weaning group (g/L: 29.71±2.73 vs. 33.93±2.89), and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in other clinical data between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that circBBS9 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.291, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.049-1.588] and APACHEII score (OR = 2.897, 95%CI was 1.004-8.353), RSBI (OR = 1.413, 95%CI was 1.057-1.890) were independent risk factors for weaning failure (all P < 0.05), and circCTNNB1 (OR = 0.812, 95%CI was 0.688-0.959) and Alb (OR = 0.149, 95%CI was 0.036-0.614) were protective factors (both P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that circBBS9, circCTNNB1, APACHEII score, RSBI, and Alb all had certain value for predicting weaning failure. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and 95%CI were 0.820 (0.750-0.890), 0.755 (0.674-0.835), 0.827 (0.757-0.897), 0.795 (0.715-0.876), and 0.854 (0.791-0.919), respectively. Using the multivariate Logistic regression equation as the combined indicator, the AUC for predicting weaning failure reached 0.997 (95%CI was 0.993-1.000), which was significantly higher than that of the single indicators including circBBS9, circCTNNB1, APACHEII score, RSBI, and Alb (the Z value was 5.582, 6.093, 5.771, 5.932, and 5.182, respectively, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High expression of circBBS9 and low expression of circCTNNB1 in the peripheral blood of AECOPD patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation before SBT are associated with weaning failure. circBBS9, circCTNNB1 combined with APACHEII score, RSBI and Alb are helpful for predicting the failure of weaning in these patients.
Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/blood* ; Prospective Studies ; Ventilator Weaning ; RNA, Circular/blood* ; Respiration, Artificial ; Male ; Female ; Aged

Objective:To identify the key epithelial cell characteristics that can accurately diagnose eosinophilic chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps（ECRSwNP） through nasal brush sampling and comparing with the pathological results of nasal polyp tissue sections. Methods:Ninety-one patients underwent surgery in the Ophthalmology and ENT Department of the Second People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, from January 2022 to July 2024 were selected. The cohort comprised 58 males and 33 females（mean age: 41.4 years; range: 12.0-71.0）. The clinical characteristics of the patients, including gender, age, disease duration, smoking and drinking history, asthma history, subjective symptoms, sinus CT, and nasal endoscopy scores, were recorded. Nasal brush sampling of nasal polyps and inferior turbinate mucosa was performed before surgery to obtain cytological specimens, and nasal polyp tissues were collected during surgery. The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic nasal polyps were compared, as well as the relationship between nasal brush cytology of nasal polyps and inferior turbinate and nasal polyp histopathology. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results:Among the 91 patients, no significant differences were observed between ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP patients in terms of age, gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and disease duration. The nasal brush cell population in ECRSwNP patients was more likely to contain eosinophils（P<0.001） and less likely to contain lymphocytes and plasma cells（P<0.001）. Additionally, the ciliated cells in ECRSwNP patients exhibited larger widths（P=0.036）, shorter cilium lengths（P<0.001）, and more disordered arrangements（P<0.001） compared to NECRSwNP patients. In nasal brush cells from the inferior turbinate, ECRSwNP patients also showed shorter cilium lengths（P<0.001） and shorter cilia（P=0.024） compared to NECRSwNP patients. Conclusion:There are significant differences in obtaining epithelial cytological information from nasal polyps or inferior turbinates through nasal brush sampling between ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP patients.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Nasal Polyps/complications* ; Sinusitis/complications* ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Adolescent ; Nasal Mucosa/pathology* ; Young Adult ; Rhinitis/complications* ; Eosinophilia/pathology* ; Child ; Eosinophils/pathology* ; Rhinosinusitis

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of TLDC2 in colorec-tal adenocarcinoma.Methods Data from the human protein atlas(HPA)and the cancer genome atlas(TCGA)indi-cated that TLDC2 was highly expressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma.We further analyzed the expression of TLDC2 in 400 colorectal adenocarcinomas and 447 other solid tumors using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical(IHC)staining.Result The positive expression rate of TLDC2 was significantly higher than that of SATB2 in colorectal ade-nocarcinomas(96.5％vs 87.0％,P＜0.000 1).TLDC2 positivity exceeded that of SATB2 in both low-or high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma(99.4％vs 88.7％,P＜0.000 1;83.3％vs 79.2％,P=0.669 9).In addition,the expression of TLDC2 and SATB2 was evaluated in 447 cases of other types of solid tumors.TLDC2 was expressed in neuroendocrine tumors as well as in gastric and appendiceal adenocarcinomas,whereas SATB2 was detected in a small number of melanomas,ovarian cancers,breast cancers and gallbladder cancers.The positive and specificity of TLDC2 for colorectal adenocarcinoma were 97％(95％CI=0.94-0.98)and 85％(95％CI=0.81-0.88),respectively.Combined detection of TLDC2 and SATB2 yielded a sensitivity of 96％(95％CI=0.93-0.97)and a specificity of 93％(95％CI=0.90-0.95).Conclusion Analysis of large-scale datasets and IHC staining demonstrated that TLDC2 is a highly sensitive and specific biomarker for colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Objective To explore the influences of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)in combination with cognitive-motor dual task training(CMDT)on memory and executive function in patients suffering from post-stroke cognitive impairment.Methods A total of 75 stroke patients were randomly divided into the tDCS group,the CMDT group and the combined group,each consisting of 25 cases.All patients in the three groups received routine rehabilitation treatment.The tDCS group underwent tDCS stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal lobe(DLPFC)of the region,the CMDT group received CMDT and the combined group received CMDT on the basis of tDCS treatment.The fourth edition of the Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS-IV),Wisconsin Card Test(WCST),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)and Modified Barthel Index(MBI)were used to evaluate the overall cognitive function,memory,executive function,and daily living ability of the patients before and 4 weeks after treatment,respectively.Results Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the evaluation indices between the three groups(P＞0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,the scores of WCST,WMS-IV,MoCA and MBI in the three groups were improved compared with those before the treatment(P＜0.05),and the combined group was significantly superior to the tDCS group and the CMDT group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of tDCS and CMDT can improve the cognitive function after stroke,and at the same time exert a synergistic effect on memory and executive function.

Objective:To compare the changes in fracture displacement under different vertical loadings between the 2 different internal fixation modalities for vertically unstable femoral neck fractures of Pauwels type Ⅲ by a mechanical study and a finite element analysis.Methods:Twelve biomimic bones were transversely dissected from 10 cm below the lesser trochanter of the femur to create femoral neck fracture models with a Pauwels angle of 70° using a swing saw. The models were equally divided into 2 groups ( n=6): group A was fixed with 3 cannulated screws after fracture reduction (scheme A), and group B with 3 cannulated screws plus a self-designed anteromedial support plate after fracture reduction (scheme B). Continuous vertical force was applied using a mechanical testing machine. Changes in displacement were recorded and load-displacement curves were plotted. One volunteer (female, 28 years old, 168 cm in height and 65 kg in weight) was selected for finite element analysis of her CT images of both lower limbs to examine the maximum displacement and the maximum Mises stress in scheme A and scheme B respectively. Results:In groups A and B respectively: All the 6 biomimic mimetic bones had similar load and displacement curves, and similar fracture displacements (Dx) at different loading points (N X); the curves of 6 biomimic bones were highly fitted with S-shaped curve equation (the r-square value was close to 1). At the initial loading stage (0 N0.05). When the load was 100 N

Objective To observe the value of T1 mapping combining diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)for noninvasive preoperative predicting tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)level in invasive breast cancer.Methods Totally 143 patients with invasive breast cancer were retrospectively collected and divided into high group(TIL≥10％,n=73)and low group(TIL＜10％,n=70)according to TIL level by postoperation pathology.Clinicopathological information were collected,MRI features of breast cancer lesions were documented,mean T1 values(T1mean)and mean ADC values(ADCmean)were measured,and then were compared between groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictive factors of TIL levels,and a nomogram was constructed based on regression model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the predictive value for TIL levels.Results Compared with low group,high group had higher proportion of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positivity(P＜0.05),and showed more circular/oval shapes and more smooth margins but less peritumoral edema(all P＜0.05).Significant differences of lesions enhancement pattern was found between groups(P＜0.05).T1mean and ADCmean were both higher in high group than those in low group(both P＜0.05).Lesions enhancement pattern,T1mean and ADCmean were all independent predictors of TIL levels in breast cancer.The AUC of nomogram combining the above 3 factors for predicting TIL level was 0.848,significantly higher than that of lesions enhancement pattern(AUC=0.569,Z=5.384,P＜0.05)and T1mean(AUC=0.662,Z=3.876,P＜0.05),but not statistically different with that of ADCmean(AUC=0.814,Z=1.578,P=0.115).Decision curve analysis showed that this nomogram had good clinical application value.Conclusion Combining T1 mapping and DWI could effectively predict level of TIL level in breast cancer before surgery.

ObjectiveTo study the tumor inhibition and T helper cell （Th）1/Th2 balance regulation effect of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription on lung cancer tumor-bearing mice and to elaborate its mechanism. MethodsA mouse model bearing a lung cancer tumor was established by subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung cancer cells into the armpit and was randomly divided into lung cancer model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and positive control group， with 12 mice per group. The low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription were given modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription by dosing at 2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， once a day， respectively. The positive control group was intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin （2 mg·kg^-1）， once every other day， for a total of 30 days. Serum interferon （IFN）-γ， interleukin （IL）-2， IL-4， IL-6， and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and spleen index， thymus index， and tumor growth inhibition rate were calculated. Tumor microvascular density was determined by immunohistochemistry， and tumor hypoxia inducible-factor （HIF）-1α， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） mRNA were determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The protein levels of HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with lung cancer model group， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription groups and positive control group， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. Compared to the low-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the high-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription compared to the medium-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Wenyang Sanjie prescription can significantly inhibit microangiogenesis， regulate Th1/Th2 balance， inhibit tumor growth， and significantly inhibit the progression of lung cancer in mice.

ObjectiveTo study the tumor inhibition and T helper cell （Th）1/Th2 balance regulation effect of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription on lung cancer tumor-bearing mice and to elaborate its mechanism. MethodsA mouse model bearing a lung cancer tumor was established by subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung cancer cells into the armpit and was randomly divided into lung cancer model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and positive control group， with 12 mice per group. The low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription were given modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription by dosing at 2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， once a day， respectively. The positive control group was intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin （2 mg·kg^-1）， once every other day， for a total of 30 days. Serum interferon （IFN）-γ， interleukin （IL）-2， IL-4， IL-6， and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and spleen index， thymus index， and tumor growth inhibition rate were calculated. Tumor microvascular density was determined by immunohistochemistry， and tumor hypoxia inducible-factor （HIF）-1α， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） mRNA were determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The protein levels of HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with lung cancer model group， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription groups and positive control group， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. Compared to the low-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the high-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription compared to the medium-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Wenyang Sanjie prescription can significantly inhibit microangiogenesis， regulate Th1/Th2 balance， inhibit tumor growth， and significantly inhibit the progression of lung cancer in mice.

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of TLDC2 in colorec-tal adenocarcinoma.Methods Data from the human protein atlas(HPA)and the cancer genome atlas(TCGA)indi-cated that TLDC2 was highly expressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma.We further analyzed the expression of TLDC2 in 400 colorectal adenocarcinomas and 447 other solid tumors using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical(IHC)staining.Result The positive expression rate of TLDC2 was significantly higher than that of SATB2 in colorectal ade-nocarcinomas(96.5％vs 87.0％,P＜0.000 1).TLDC2 positivity exceeded that of SATB2 in both low-or high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma(99.4％vs 88.7％,P＜0.000 1;83.3％vs 79.2％,P=0.669 9).In addition,the expression of TLDC2 and SATB2 was evaluated in 447 cases of other types of solid tumors.TLDC2 was expressed in neuroendocrine tumors as well as in gastric and appendiceal adenocarcinomas,whereas SATB2 was detected in a small number of melanomas,ovarian cancers,breast cancers and gallbladder cancers.The positive and specificity of TLDC2 for colorectal adenocarcinoma were 97％(95％CI=0.94-0.98)and 85％(95％CI=0.81-0.88),respectively.Combined detection of TLDC2 and SATB2 yielded a sensitivity of 96％(95％CI=0.93-0.97)and a specificity of 93％(95％CI=0.90-0.95).Conclusion Analysis of large-scale datasets and IHC staining demonstrated that TLDC2 is a highly sensitive and specific biomarker for colorectal adenocarcinoma.