ObjectiveTo explore the effects of astragalin （AST） on autophagy and apoptosis of astrocytes in the L_4-5 dorsal horn of the spinal cord in mice with inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant （CFA）. MethodsTwenty-four male C57BL/6 mice， aged six months， were randomly assigned to four groups： control group， saline group， CFA model group， and CFA+AST group， six mice in each group. The inflammatory pain model was established by injection of 10 µL CFA into the right lateral malleolus fossa. The saline group were injected with an equal amount of normal saline at the same site. The inflammatory pain mice in CFA+AST group were further treated with AST （60 mg/kg） intraperitoneally once a day for 21 consecutive days. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the coexpression of autophagy-related factors including ATG 12 and Beclin-1， apoptosis-related factors including Cleaved-Caspase3 and Caspase9， and the astrocyte marker such as GFAP in the L_4-5 spinal dorsal horn of the mice in each group. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression levels of autophagy-related proteins（ATG12， Beclin-1） and apoptosis-related proteins（Caspase 3， Caspase 9） in the L_4-5 spinal dorsal horn of mice. ResultsImmunofluorescent staining showed that in the L_4-5 dorsal horn of the spinal cord， the fluorescence intensity of ATG12 （P<0.000 1） and Beclin-1 （P<0.000 1） was significantly increased， while that of Cleaved-Caspase 3 （P<0.001） and Caspase 9 （P<0.000 1） was decreased in the CFA+AST group when compared to the CFA model group. Furthermore， AST could inhibit the activation of astrocytes. Western blot further confirmed that AST significantly upregulated the expression of ATG12 （P<0.000 1） and Beclin-1 （P<0.000 1） in the L_4-5 spinal cord of CFA mice， and downregulated the expression of Caspase 3 （P<0.01） and Caspase 9 （P<0.001）. ConclusionsAST promotes autophagy of astrocytes and inhibits their apoptosis in the L_4-5 spinal dorsal horn of CFA mice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential value of thyroid hormones in cerebrospinal fluid in predicting autism-like behaviors induced by hypothyroidism in pregnant rats. MethodsTwelve pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group and a hypothyroidism group （hypothyroidism model group）. Offspring from both groups had serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH）， total triiodothyronine （TT3）， total thyroxine （TT4）， free triiodothyronine （FT3）， and free thyroxine （FT4） levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Ultrasonic vocalization tests were conducted on postnatal day 2 （P2）， day 7 （P7）， and day 14 （P14）， while behavioral tests using the three-box social interaction test were performed on day 21（P21）. ResultsCompared with the control group， free T4 （FT4） levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of the hypothyroidism group were significantly reduced during the developmental period （P0-P21； P2： P<0.05； P7： P<0.05； P14： P<0.01； P21： P<0.01）， with no statistical difference between the two groups only at P0 （P>0.05）. In the ultrasonic vocalization （USV） tests， the number and duration of USVs in offsprings from the hypothyroidism group were significantly reduced compared with those of the control group on P2， P7 and P14： for USV counts （P2： P<0.05； P7： P<0.001； P14： P<0.01）； for USV duration （P2： P<0.05； P7： P<0.001； P14： P<0.001）. In the three-box social tests， offsprings of the hypothyroidism group showed significantly reduced sniffing time with unfamiliar rats at P21 compared to the control group （all P<0.001）. The FT4 levels in cerebrospinal fluid had a significantly positive correlation with USV counts （P7： r=0.883， P<0.05； P14： r=0.902， P<0.05） and sniffing time with unfamiliar rats （r=0.814， P<0.01）. ConclusionMeasuring free T4 in cerebrospinal fluid can predict autism-like behaviors in offsprings of rats induced by hypothyroidism during pregnancy.

Objective: To analyze the results of national external quality assessment (EQA) for transfusion compatibility test from 2018 to 2023, with the aim of providing references for improving laboratory testing quality and ensuring the safety of clinical blood transfusion. Methods: Three EQA programs were conducted annually, each distributing 22 quality assessment samples. Participating transfusion laboratories were required to complete testing within specified deadlines and to submit results along with documentation of testing methodologies, reagents, and equipment used. National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL) conducted statistical analysis of laboratory results, evaluated testing outcomes and related circumstances, and provided feedback to participating laboratories. EQA data from transfusion laboratories across China from 2018 to 2023 were collected and systematically analyzed. Results: From 2018 to 2023, the qualification rates for all five items (ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, Rh blood group typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching) were 67.59%, 77.11%, 77.38%, 72.78%, 79.96%, and 85.16%, respectively. The mean qualification rates for ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, RhD blood group typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching over the past six years were 96.25%±0.59%, 90.45%±4.52%, 96.05%±0.71%, 90.88%±2.86%, and 88.34%±3.48%, respectively. The qualification rates in 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2023 all showed a stable trend of "blood stations>tertiary hospitals>secondary hospitals". The mean qualification rate of laboratories in secondary hospitals from 2018 to 2023 was significantly lower than those of laboratories in tertiary hospitals and blood stations (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between laboratories in tertiary hospitals and blood stations (P>0.05). The micro column agglutination method was the most widely used in all five tests. In the four test items, namely ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching, there was a statistically significant difference in the qualification rate of micro column agglutination method compared to other methods (P<0.05). There was a statistical difference in the qualification rate between manual and automated detection using micro column agglutination method in the cross-matching tests (P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was noted for the other test items (P>0.05). Conclusion: From 2018 to 2023, the number of laboratories participating in EQA activities has been increasing year by year, and the qualification rate has shown an overall upward trend. The type of laboratory is a key factor affecting the qualification rate, and the testing capabilities of some laboratories still need to be improved. The micro column agglutination method is widely used in transfusion compatibility tests. The established EQA program effectively monitors quality issues in laboratories, drives continuous improvement, and ensures sustained enhancement of testing standards to safeguard clinical blood safety.

Objective To explore the correlation between personality traits and non suicidal self injury behavior in adolescent depression patients,in order to enhance understanding of the psychological health risks of depression patients.Methods This study was conducted at the Wuhan Mental Health Center from September 2021 to September 2023.A total of 138 patients with first-onset moderate to severe adolescent depression were included.The patients were divided into a group without self injury suicidal behavior(n=25),a non suicidal self injury(NSSI)group(n=78),and an attempted suicide(SA)group(n=35).Collect general information and data on neurotic personality scores,negative life events,emotional states,and social psychological factors using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-24),and other psychological assessment tools.Using statistical methods for correlation and regression analysis to study the relationship between personality traits and non suicidal self injury behavior.Results There were significant differences in personality traits such as internal and external tendencies,psychoticism,neuroticism,and concealment among the non self injurious suicide behavior group,non suicidal self injurious behavior group,and suicide behavior group.The scores of the non suicidal self injurious behavior group and suicide behavior group were generally higher than those of the non self injurious self injurious behavior group(P<0.05);There were significant differences in self injury behavior scores among these three groups,especially in the suicide behavior group,which had the highest score,but there was no significant difference in life event scores;There were significant differences in scores for anxiety,depression,childhood trauma,stressful life events,and self-esteem among the three groups.Among them,the suicide behavior group had the highest scores for anxiety,depression,childhood trauma,and stressful life events,but the lowest score for self-esteem(P<0.05);Internal and external tendencies,psychoticism,neuroticism,and concealment are significantly correlated with non suicidal self injury behavior,and multiple regression analysis results show that these factors,as well as anxiety,depression,childhood trauma,stressful life events,and self-esteem,are inde-pendent influencing factors of non suicidal self injury behavior.The best predictive threshold for internal and exter-nal tendencies is-10.5%.Conclusion This study reveals the correlation between personality traits and non sui-cidal self injury behavior in adolescent depression patients.Understanding these relationships in clinical practice and intervention strategies can help better identify high-risk groups and provide personalized mental health support.

Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect and safety of simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy for lung cancer brain metastases.Methods:A total of 300 patients with lung cancer brain metastases admitted to the Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected as the study objects. The patients were divided into control group ( n=150) and study group ( n=150) by random number table method. The control group received sequential three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, while the study group received simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy. The short-term and medium-term efficacy, target dose, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:The short-term and medium-term total effective rates of the study group were 73.33% (110/150) and 88.67% (133/150), respectively, which were higher than those of the control group [51.33% (77/150) and 71.33% (107/150) ] ( χ2=15.46, P<0.001; χ2=14.08, P<0.001). The D min in gross tumor planning target volume and whole brain clinical planning target volume of the study group were (23.78±1.11) and (58.46±0.55) Gy, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group [ (16.67±1.08) and (53.44±0.74) Gy], with statistically significant differences ( t=56.22, P<0.001; t=66.68, P<0.001). The D mean in gross tumor planning target volume and whole brain clinical planning target volume of the study group were (44.12±0.87) and (62.19±0.57) Gy, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group [ (37.55±0.89) and (57.78±0.82) Gy], with statistically significant differences ( t=64.65, P<0.001; t=54.08, P<0.001). The total incidence of adverse reactions was 30.67% (46/150) in the study group and 36.67% (55/150) in the control group, with no significantly significant difference ( χ2=1.20, P=0.271) . Conclusion:Compared with sequential three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy has better short-term and medium-term efficacy in patients with lung cancer brain metastases. Target dose can be increased without increasing adverse reactions.

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the significant diseases endangering human health. Recent findings have shown that the human microbiome plays an important role in the occurrence and development of renal cell carcinoma, influencing its regression and treatment outcome. At present, microecological research on renal cell carcinoma are still in their initial stages, and their regulatory roles and specific mechanisms still need to be further explored. This article reviews the relationship between the human microbiome and renal cell carcinoma occurrence and development, as well as its role in diagnosis and therapies.

Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is an essential part of the peripheral nervous system and the hub of the peripheral sensory afferent. The dynamic changes of neuronal cells and their gene expression during the development of dorsal root ganglion have been studied through single-cell RNAseq analysis, while the dynamic changes of non-neuronal cells have not been systematically studied. Using single cell RNA sequencing technology, we conducted a research on the non-neuronal cells in the dorsal root ganglia of rats at different developmental stage. In this study, primary cell suspension was obtained from using the dorsal root ganglions (DRGs, L4-L5) of ten 7-day-old rats and three 3-month-old rats. The 10×Genomics platform was used for single cell dissociation and RNA sequencing. Twenty cell subsets were acquired through cluster dimension reduction analysis, and the marker genes of different types of cells in DRG were identified according to previous researches about DRG single cell transcriptome sequencing. In order to find out the non-neuronal cell subsets with significant differences at different development stage, the cells were classified into different cell types according to markers collected from previous researches. We performed pseudotime analysis of 4 types Schwann cells. It was found that subtype Ⅱ Schwann cells emerged firstly, and then were subtype Ⅲ Schwann cells and subtype Ⅳ Schwann cells, while subtype Ⅰ Schwann cells existed during the whole development procedure. Pseudotime analysis indicated the essential genes influencing cell fate of different subtypes of Schwann cell in DRG, such as Ntrk2 and Pmp2, which affected cell fate of Schwann cells during the development period. GO analysis of differential expressed genes showed that the up-regulated genes, such as Cst3 and Spp1, were closely related to biological process of tissue homeostasis and multi-multicellular organism process. The down regulated key genes, such as Col3a1 and Col4a1, had close relationship with the progress of extracellular structure organization and negative regulation of cell adhesion. This suggested that the expression of genes enhancing cell homestasis increased, while the expression of related genes regulating ECM-receptor interaction pathway decreased during the development. The discovery provided valuable information and brand-new perspectives for the study on the physical and developmental mechanism of Schwann cell as well as the non-neuronal cell changes in DRG at different developmental stage. The differential gene expression results provided crucial references for the mechanism of somatosensory maturation during development.
Rats ; Animals ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcriptome ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Schwann Cells/physiology*

Objective:To explore clinical value of nucleic acid detection for hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening in hospitalized patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study collected and analyzed plasma samples from patients admitted to 10 domestic medical institutions from July 2021 to December 2021. Serological immunoassay and nucleic acid screening were used to simultaneously detect hepatitis B markers such as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb),and HBV DNA. Statistical analysis was performed on the serology, nucleic acid test results and clinical information of the patients.Results:Of the 8 655 collected samples, HBsAg was positive in 216 (2.50%) samples,HBV DNA was positive in 238 (2.75%) samples ( P>0.05); 210 (2.43%) samples were positive for both HBsAg and HBV DNA, 28 (0.32%) were HBsAg negative and HBV DNA positive, 6 cases (0.07%) were HBsAg positive and HBV DNA negative. Conclusion:These results indicate that the HBV DNA testing is equally effective as hepatitis B virus serological detection for hepatitis B virus screening in hospitalized patients.

Objective:This multi-centre study was conducted to assess the efficacy of various preoperative/pre-transfusion screening methods for blood transmitted disease.Methods:From July 2021 to December 2021, plasma samples of patients admitted to 10 hospitals were collected for screening preoperative/pre-transfusion blood transmitted disease. Nucleic acid detection technology was used to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(1+2) RNA, and the results were compared with the immuno-serological methods. χ 2 test and Kappa test were used to analyze the efficacy of these two methods. Results:A total of 8 655 valid specimens were collected from 10 hospitals. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate of HCV between the two methods ( P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the positive detection rate of HBV and HIV assessed by the two methods ( P>0.05), but the number of positive cases detected by HBV DNA and HIV RNA (218 and 4 cases) was significantly higher than the corresponding serological results (216 and 2 cases). At the same time, there were HBV, HCV and HIV immuno-serological omissions by the immuno-serological methods, among which 28 cases were HBsAg negative and HBV DNA positive, 2 cases were HCV antibody negative and HCV RNA positive, and 2 cases were HIV antigen/antibody negative and HIV RNA positive. In addition, in the 66 samples with inconsistent results from the two detection methods, 83.3% (55/66), 68.2% (45/66), 63.6% (42/66) and 62.1% (41/66) of patients aged was>45 years, tumor, surgery and male, respectively. Conclusions:Compared with immuno-serological tests, nucleic acid tests have the advantage in terms of sensitivity on detecting HBV, HCV and HIV infection and could reduce missed detection. The risk of transmission can be reduced by adding HBV, HCV, and HIV nucleic acid tests to preoperative/pre-transfusion immuno-serological tests screening for patients over 45 years of age and tumor patients.

Objective:To compare the cost-effectiveness of hospitalized Chinese patients undergoing nucleic acid screening strategies for hepatitis B and hepatitis C, immunological screening strategy, and no screening strategy under different willingness to pay (WTP). The results might aid to decision-making for the optimal strategy.Methods:In this study, nucleic acid screening, immunological screening and no screening were used as screening strategies, and China′s GDP in 2021 (80 976 yuan) was used as the threshold of WTP to construct a Markov model. After introducing parameters related to the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B and C in inpatients, a cohort population of 100 000 inpatients was simulated by TreeAge Pro 2021 software, the total cost, total health effects, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and average cost-effectiveness ratio of different screening strategies were calculated, and cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were used to assess the impact of parameter uncertainty on the final results.Results:Compared with the non-screening strategy, the incremental total cost of the hepatitis B immunological screening strategy for cohort patients was 11 049 536 yuan, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 24 762 yuan/quality-adjusted life years (QALY), while the total incremental cost of nucleic acid screening was 19 208 059 yuan, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 29 873 yuan/QALY; the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of nucleic acid screening and immunological screening was 45 834 yuan/QALY. Compared with the non-screening strategy, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of hepatitis C immunological screening strategy was 5 731 yuan/QALY, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of nucleic acid screening strategy was 8 722 yuan/QALY, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of nucleic acid screening and immunological screening was 45 591 yuan/QALY. The results of probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that when the cost of nucleic acid testing exceeded 214.53 yuan, it was not cost-effective to perform hepatitis B nucleic acid screening under the WTP as 1 fold GDP. When the cost of nucleic acid testing exceeded 132.18 yuan, it was not cost-effective to conduct hepatitis C screening under the WTP as 1 fold GDP.Conclusions:Nucleic acid screening strategy can achieve more cost-effectiveness and is worthy of vigorous promotion. Compared with no screening, both the nucleic acid and immunological screening strategies are cost-effective, and hepatitis nucleic acid screening is the optimal strategy for hospitalized patients.