Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding developed a strategy for platelet and plasma infusion management in critically ill children based on systematic reviews and consensus meetings of international multidisciplinary experts. One good practice statement and six expert consensus statements were proposed for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill children following severe trauma, traumatic brain injury, and/or intracranial hemorrhage. This article introduces the specific methods and basis for the formation of recommendations in this part of the guide.

To guide transfusion practice in critically ill children who often need plasma and platelet transfusions, the Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB) developed Recommendations and Expert Consensus for Plasma and Platelet Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children. This guideline addresses 53 recommendations related to plasma and platelet transfusion in critically ill children with 8 kinds of diseases, laboratory testing, selection/treatment of plasma and platelet components, and research priorities. This paper introduces the specific methods and results of the recommendation formation of the guideline.

BackgroundAs a high prevalence disorder， schizophrenia has caused significant burden to family and society due to the impairment of occupational and social function. Currently， the dominant vocational training model in China follows a paternalistic， clinician-led decision-making approach. Although it improves patients' social function to some extent， it undermines their autonomy and treatment adherence. Therefore， it is urgently necessary to explore a new intervention method to enhance treatment compliance and social function in patients. ObjectiveTo explore the impact of shared decision-making oriented vocational training on social function in hospitalized schizophrenia patients， so as to provide references for rehabilitation interventions. MethodsA total of 68 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） criteria were consecutively enrolled from January to June 2024 at The Third People's Hospital of Wenjiang Distric， Chengdu. Participants were randomly allocated into the research group （n=34） and the control group （n=34） using a random number table method. Both groups received routine rehabilitation training， while the research group received shared decision-making oriented vocational training for 12 weeks， 2 times a week for 2 hours each time. Before and at the 4^th and 12^th week of intervention， two groups were evaluated by General Self-Efficacy Scale （GSES）， Stigma Scale for Mental Illness （SSMI）， Scale of Social function of Psychosis Inpatients （SSFPI） and Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Outcome Scale （IPROS）. ResultsA total of 63 participants completed the study， with 30 cases in the research group and 33 cases in the control group. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed statistically significant time effects and interaction effects in both groups for GSES， SSMI， SSFPI and IPROS scores （F=20.451， 16.022； 26.193， 12.944； 23.957， 5.023； 11.776， 3.985， P<0.05 or 0.01）， while no significant group effects were observed （F=0.188， 0.742， 1.878， 0.474， P>0.05）. At the 12^th week of intervention， there were statistically significant differences in GSES， SSMI， SSFPI and IPROS scores between the two groups. ConclusionShared decision-making oriented vocational training may help to improve social function in patients with schizophrenia. ［Funded by 2023 Chengdu Medical Research Project （number， 2023468）］

Based on systematic review and consensus meetings of international multidisciplinary experts, the Transfusion and Anemia Expert Initiative—Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB) project team developed management strategies for platelet and plasma transfusion in critically ill children. This consensus presents five expert consensus statements and two recommendations addressing two key questions: 1) What Laboratory Tests and Physiologic Triggers Should Guide the Decision to Administer a Platelet or Plasma Transfusion in Critically ill Children? 2) What Product Attributes Are Optimal to Guide Specific Product Selection? This consensus provides guidance for decision-making regarding plasma and platelet transfusion in critically ill children in two aspects: relevant laboratory testing indicators and additional special properties of blood components. This article explains the rationale behind the recommendations in this part of the guideline, aiming to emphasize the need for clinicians to develop transfusion strategies based on multidimensional assessment, while calling for enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration and evidence-based research to optimize blood management in critically ill children, reducing the risk of over-transfusion and improving treatment outcomes. Furthermore, there remains an urgent need for further research to explore laboratory indicators associated with bleeding risk to guide transfusion therapy.

ObjectiveTo introduce the Hr gene of spontaneously mutated SHJH^hr mice into BALB/cAShjh inbred mice with clear genetic background,and provide a basis for study on the molecular mechanism of Hr gene mutation-induced abnormal phenotype and the application of this model.Methods Using a backcross-intercross breeding method guided by phenotypic monitoring, mutant genes from SHJH^hr mice bred by spontaneous mutation were introduced into inbred BALB/cAShjh mice by homozygous mutation introgression, and the mice were bred into BALB/cA.Cg.SHJH^hr (abbreviated as C.Cg.SHJH^hr) mice after 10 generations. The genotypes of 90 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection sites were analyzed in C.Cg.SHJH^hr mice by multiplex PCR library construction followed by next generation sequencing. Then 14 biochemical locus marker genes were detected in C.Cg.SHJH^hr mice according to the method of GB/T 14927.1-2008. Finally, whole genome exon sequencing was utilized to detect the mutated genes in this mouse. ResultsFrom May 2018 to March 2022, a total of 10 generations of backcross-intercross were conducted to complete the construction of the C.Cg.SHJH^hr mouse line. Among the 90 SNPs loci detected, except for rs13484115 and rs13484116, all the other loci had the same genotype as the recipient mice BALB/cAShjh. The results of biochemical marker gene detection showed that all the 14 loci of the mouse were the same as those of the recipient mouse. Whole genome exon sequencing found that the mouse had 109 site mutations compared with the recipient mouse strain, including 71 synonymous mutations, 1 stopgain, 37 missense mutations, and 20 genes involved in protein sequence alterations (including the reported Hr gene). ConclusionC.Cg.SHJH^hr mice were created. Through exon sequencing and genetic analysis, three Hr mutated genes and associated mutated genes that mainly cause phenotypic variations were identified, which provides a basis for expanding the application of C.Cg.SHJH^hr mice in biomedical research.

OBJECTIVE: To verify a rare allele of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and analyze its inheritance and 3D molecular structure. METHODS: PCR-sequence-based typing, PCR-single strand oligonucleotide polymorphism and single allele-specific sequencing were carried out to characterize the rare HLA-C allele and its transmission in the family. Its protein structure was modeled by using SWISS-MODEL, Phyre2 and FATCAT software. RESULTS: Analysis indicated that the rare allele (HLA-C*08:84) has transmitted from the proband's mother and has differed from HLA-C*08:01 by a single base (g.512G>C), resulting in substitution of an amino acid (p.Trp147Ser). Modeling of the 3D structure of the encoded protein indicated that the amino acid residue variation is located at the alpha 2 helix, which participates the formation of pocket F. Modeling of the structures of C*08:84, C*08:01, C*08:02, C*08:03 and C*08:22 has suggested significant variation in the peptide binding regions of the backbone, with root mean square errors being 1.70 nm, 1.79 nm, 0.71 nm and 1.70 nm, respectively. CONCLUSION A rare HLA-C*08:84 allele has been identified, and its clinical significance has been analyzed.
Alleles ; Base Sequence ; HLA-B Antigens/genetics* ; HLA-C Antigens/genetics* ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods Ninety children with HFMD were classified into three groups with 30 in each group:critical group (clinical stage 3), severe group (clinical stage 2) and common group (clinical stage 1, excluding encephalitis with CSF and other examinations). Another thirty healthy children were randomly selected as the control group. The levels of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were detected before and after treatment. Moreover, serum neuro-specific enolase ( NSE) and S100B protein were also measured to analyze their correlation with BNIP3. Receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of BNIP3 for the severity of HFMD. Results The levels of serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in the critical group were higher than those in the other three groups ( P<0. 01). CSF BNIP3 level in the critical group were significantly higher than that in the common and severe groups (P<0. 01). Serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE were significantly higher in the severe group than in common and control groups (P<0. 01). CSF BNIP3 was significantly increased in the severe group as compared with that in the common group (P<0. 01). After treatment, the levels of BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in serum and BNIP3 in CSF were decreased in both critical and severe groups (P<0. 01). The lev-els of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were positively correlated with the level of S100B protein and NSE ( P<0. 01). Serum BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 3. 015μg/L, with a sensitivity of 83. 33％ and a specificity of 90. 00％, in the prediction of severe HFMD. CSF BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 1. 735 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 73. 33％ and a specificity of 93.33％, in the prediction of severe HFMD. Conclusions BNIP3 is involved in the pathological process of brain injury in children with severe HFMD. Detection of BNIP3 helps evaluate the severity and prognosis of HFMD.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods: Ninety children with HFMD were classified into three groups with 30 in each group: critical group (clinical stage 3), severe group (clinical stage 2) and common group (clinical stage 1, excluding encephalitis with CSF and other examinations). Another thirty healthy children were randomly selected as the control group. The levels of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were detected before and after treatment. Moreover, serum neuro-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B protein were also measured to analyze their correlation with BNIP3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of BNIP3 for the severity of HFMD. Results: The levels of serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in the critical group were higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.01). CSF BNIP3 level in the critical group were significantly higher than that in the common and severe groups (P<0.01). Serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE were significantly higher in the severe group than in common and control groups (P<0.01). CSF BNIP3 was significantly increased in the severe group as compared with that in the common group (P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in serum and BNIP3 in CSF were decreased in both critical and severe groups (P<0.01). The levels of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were positively correlated with the level of S100B protein and NSE (P<0.01). Serum BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 3.015 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 90.00%, in the prediction of severe HFMD. CSF BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 1.735 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 73.33% and a specificity of 93.33%, in the prediction of severe HFMD. Conclusions BNIP3 is involved in the pathological process of brain injury in children with severe HFMD. Detection of BNIP3 helps evaluate the severity and prognosis of HFMD.

Objective　To observe whether there is abnormal expression of PTEN in hippocampal neurons of depressed rats and explore the correlation between its expression and autophagy. Methods　50 healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and model group：25 rats in each group. A depressive rat model was established by chronic unforeseeable mild stress（CUMS）. Behavioral tests such as open field，water maze，shuttle box，tail suspension and sugar water preference were used to detect the depression of rats. Hippocampal tissue was taken 0.5，1，3，7，and 14 days after molding. Immunohistofluorescence，Weston blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression changes of hippocampal autophagy related proteins LC3，Beclin1 and tumor suppressive gene PTEN. Results　In the model group，the rats showed lack of curiosity，impaired spatial learning and memory，behavioral hopelessness and anhedonia（P<0.01）. LC3 and Beclin1，two autophagy-related proteins，were co-expressed in the model group，in which LC3 was co-expressed with PTEN protein. The expression of LC3，Beclin1 and PTEN in the hippocampus of the depression model group was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05），and increased with time. The expression of two kinds of autophagy-related genes and PTEN gene in the depression model group was higher than that in the control group（P<0.01）. Conclusion　Abnormal PTEN expression exists in hippocampal neurons of depressed rats，which is related to autophagy.

OBJECTIVE To investigate chemical properties of a fructooligosaccharide (ABP-50-FOS)separated from Achyranthes bidentata and immune response in mice immunized H1N1 influenza vaccine. METHODS The methods of GPC,CE,IR and NMR were used to study chemical properties of ABP-50-FOS. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly twice with H1N1 influenza vaccine (3 μg)plus ABP-50-FOS(200 μg)each mouse. The serum total antibody titer and its isotypes titers were analyzed by ELISA. The populations of CD4+,CD8+,CD3+and CD19+lymphocytes were deter?mined by flow cytometry. The proliferation activities of spleen T and B lymphocytes were determined with MTT method. The levels of cytokines interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),inter?leukin-4(IL-4),IL-12 and NO were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS ABP-50-FOS was a fructooli?gosaccharide with moleculer mass 1885 u. Its bone linkages contained 1,2-and 1,6-fructose residues. ABP-50-FOS could induce high specific-IgG,IgG1,IgG2a,IgG2b and IgM titers after immunization with H1N1 influenza antigen twice(P<0.01). ABP-50-FOS significantly elevated the percentage of CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ spleen lymphocytes and IFN-γ secretions(P<0.01)in vitro. It also stimulated peritoneal macrophage of mice and DC2.4 dendritic cells to produce TNF-αand IL-12p70 respectively (P<0.01). However,ABP-50-FOS inhibited secretions of NO in macrophage. CONCLUSION The fruc?tooligosaccharide ABP-50-FOS separated from A. bidentata can exhibit strong adjuvant activity for H1N1 influenza vaccine.