Objective:Special clinical types of lung cancer nodules with " small tumors and big metastases" are seriously harmful to human health, but their clinical characteristics are rarely reported. The aim of this study is to analyse the clinical characteristics of these lung cancer nodules.Methods:From Jan. 2019 to Nov. 2024, patients with stage T1 solid lung cancer who were pathologically confirmed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were prospectively collected and divided into lung cancer nodule with metastasis group (study group) and stage Ia lung cancer group (control group). The differences in clinical, imaging, pathological and molecular features between the two groups were compared, and the differences in the distribution of metastases in the study group and in patients with or without bone metastasis were analyzed.Results:A total of 827 patients with an average age of 62.65±11.01 years were included, including 425 in the study group and 402 in the control group. The proportion of males, number of smokers, nodule size and EGFR mutation rate in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Stage IV patients accounted for 63.76% in the study group, among which bone metastasis patients accounted for the highest proportion (51.66%), and alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus were significantly increased. Conclusions:Patients with smoking, male and solid lung cancer nodules are more likely to have " small tumor and large metastasis", and bone metastasis is the most common distant metastatic site. The increase of alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus is helpful for early identification of bone metastases.

Objective The study aimed to explore the factors influencing individual variations in the therapeutic efficacy of botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A)in the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm(BEB).Methods A retrospectively analysis was performed on the general information of 40 BEB patients who received BoNT-A injections at our center between 2018 and 2023.The information included gender,age,education level,disease duration,number of injections,injection dose,severity of clinical symptoms,injection methods,and other relevant factors.All patients received both the pretarsal(PT)injection and the PT combining with preseptal(PS)injection(PT-PS).A multivariate linear regression analysis was used to statistically analyze the factors affecting the duration of therapeutic effect(DOT).Results Multiple regression analysis showed that gender,age,education level,clinical symptoms and injection method were closely related to the DOT[F(8,71)=4.372,P<0.001],with the injection method being the strongest predictor.Specifically,the mean DOT for the two injection methods was 136.00(123.00,156.50)days,with the PT-PS method significantly longer than the PT method[144.50(132.25,161.75)vs.125.00(114.00,145.25),P<0.001].Conclusion Gender,age,educational level,clinical symptoms,and injection method are predictive indicators for the DOT of BoNT-A in BEB patients.Specifically,DOT is positively correlated with age but negatively correlated with educational level and severity of clinical symptom.Additionally,the DOT is longer in male patients compared to female patients and in those treated with the PT-PS injection method compared to the PT injection method.

Objective:The aim of this study is to analyse the clinical characteristics of Special clinical types of lung cancer nodules with "small tumors and big metastases" .Methods:From Jan. 2019 to Nov. 2024, patients with stage T1 solid lung cancer who were pathologically confirmed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were prospectively collected and divided into lung cancer nodule with metastasis group (study group) and stage Ia lung cancer group (control group). The differences in clinical, imaging, pathological and molecular features between the two groups were compared, and the differences in the distribution of metastases in the study group and in patients with or without bone metastasis were analyzed.Results:A total of 827 patients with an average age of 62.65±11.01 years were included, including 425 in the study group and 402 in the control group. The proportion of males, number of smokers, nodule size and EGFR mutation rate in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Stage IV patients accounted for 63.76% in the study group, among which bone metastasis patients accounted for the highest proportion (51.66%), and alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus were significantly increased. Conclusions:Patients with smoking, male and solid lung cancer nodules are more likely to have "small tumor and large metastasis", and bone metastasis is the most common distant metastatic site. The increase of alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus is helpful for early identification of bone metastases.

Objective:The aim of this study is to analyse the clinical characteristics of Special clinical types of lung cancer nodules with "small tumors and big metastases" .Methods:From Jan. 2019 to Nov. 2024, patients with stage T1 solid lung cancer who were pathologically confirmed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were prospectively collected and divided into lung cancer nodule with metastasis group (study group) and stage Ia lung cancer group (control group). The differences in clinical, imaging, pathological and molecular features between the two groups were compared, and the differences in the distribution of metastases in the study group and in patients with or without bone metastasis were analyzed.Results:A total of 827 patients with an average age of 62.65±11.01 years were included, including 425 in the study group and 402 in the control group. The proportion of males, number of smokers, nodule size and EGFR mutation rate in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Stage IV patients accounted for 63.76% in the study group, among which bone metastasis patients accounted for the highest proportion (51.66%), and alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus were significantly increased. Conclusions:Patients with smoking, male and solid lung cancer nodules are more likely to have "small tumor and large metastasis", and bone metastasis is the most common distant metastatic site. The increase of alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus is helpful for early identification of bone metastases.

Objective The study aimed to explore the factors influencing individual variations in the therapeutic efficacy of botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A)in the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm(BEB).Methods A retrospectively analysis was performed on the general information of 40 BEB patients who received BoNT-A injections at our center between 2018 and 2023.The information included gender,age,education level,disease duration,number of injections,injection dose,severity of clinical symptoms,injection methods,and other relevant factors.All patients received both the pretarsal(PT)injection and the PT combining with preseptal(PS)injection(PT-PS).A multivariate linear regression analysis was used to statistically analyze the factors affecting the duration of therapeutic effect(DOT).Results Multiple regression analysis showed that gender,age,education level,clinical symptoms and injection method were closely related to the DOT[F(8,71)=4.372,P<0.001],with the injection method being the strongest predictor.Specifically,the mean DOT for the two injection methods was 136.00(123.00,156.50)days,with the PT-PS method significantly longer than the PT method[144.50(132.25,161.75)vs.125.00(114.00,145.25),P<0.001].Conclusion Gender,age,educational level,clinical symptoms,and injection method are predictive indicators for the DOT of BoNT-A in BEB patients.Specifically,DOT is positively correlated with age but negatively correlated with educational level and severity of clinical symptom.Additionally,the DOT is longer in male patients compared to female patients and in those treated with the PT-PS injection method compared to the PT injection method.

Objective:Special clinical types of lung cancer nodules with " small tumors and big metastases" are seriously harmful to human health, but their clinical characteristics are rarely reported. The aim of this study is to analyse the clinical characteristics of these lung cancer nodules.Methods:From Jan. 2019 to Nov. 2024, patients with stage T1 solid lung cancer who were pathologically confirmed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were prospectively collected and divided into lung cancer nodule with metastasis group (study group) and stage Ia lung cancer group (control group). The differences in clinical, imaging, pathological and molecular features between the two groups were compared, and the differences in the distribution of metastases in the study group and in patients with or without bone metastasis were analyzed.Results:A total of 827 patients with an average age of 62.65±11.01 years were included, including 425 in the study group and 402 in the control group. The proportion of males, number of smokers, nodule size and EGFR mutation rate in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Stage IV patients accounted for 63.76% in the study group, among which bone metastasis patients accounted for the highest proportion (51.66%), and alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus were significantly increased. Conclusions:Patients with smoking, male and solid lung cancer nodules are more likely to have " small tumor and large metastasis", and bone metastasis is the most common distant metastatic site. The increase of alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus is helpful for early identification of bone metastases.

Botulinum toxin(BoNT)is currently the first-line method for treating focal dystonia,which causes muscle paralysis by chemical denervation.Recent neuroimaging studies have found that BoNT treatment could alter neuroplasticity in the brain of patients with focal dystonia.However,the specific central nervous system mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.To this end,here we review the neuroimaging studies on BoNT treatment for dystonia from three aspects:functional magnetic resonance imaging,structural magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography imaging.It suggests that BoNT may improve the symptoms of dystonia patients by affecting functional connectivity,microstructure,and metabolic levels of the cortex,basal ganglia,thalamus,and cerebellum,etc.Therefore,this review will provide a theoretical reference for further exploring the mechanism and developing potential therapeutic targets of dystonia.

Objective:To improve the operability and stability of the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model,we established a novel method,external carotid artery ligation free(ECA-LF),for MCAO model and compared its advantages with the traditional Longa method and Koizumi method.Methods:A total of 100 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham group,Koizumi group,Longa group,and ECA-LF group.The advantages and disadvantages of each method were evaluated in terms of surgical operation time,postoperative animal survival rate,postoperative animal survival rate,neurological functional score,and stability of infarct size.Results:The ECA-LF method spent less time than either the Longa or the Koizumi method during the course of making MCAO model.Com-pared with the Longa group,the ECA-LF group had a lower Garcia score,but was comparable to the Koizumi group.The survival rate of animals in the ECA-LF group was significantly higher than the other two groups 7 days after surgery.The Morris water maze(MWM)test showed that there was no significant difference between the ECA-LF group and oth-er two groups in learning and memory ability.The degree of cerebral edema and infarct size in the ECA-LF group were comparable to the other two groups.Conclusion:Compared with the traditional Longa and Koizumi methods,the ECA-LF method simplifies the surgical procedures,shortens the model-making time,and improves the survival rate of model animal with similar stability to the traditional methods.It has certain advantages in stroke experimental research.

Objective To explore the presentation of T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging(T2WI)and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)parameters in patients with prostate cancer and their correlations with prostate specific antigen(PSA)level and International Society of Urological pathology(ISUP)grading.Methods A total of 82 patients with prostate diseases who were admitted to Yixing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital between March 2019 and June 2023 were selected as research objects,including 52 patients with prostate cancer and 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.T2WI and DCE-MRI parameters of these patients were compared.Results The proportion of prostate cancer patients with T2WI score≥4 was 50.00%,which was higher than that of the benign prostatic hyperplasia patients(P<0.05).The peak time(Tmax)of prostate cancer patients was 70 541.44(45 035.20,90 655.41)ms,which was shorter than that of the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(P<0.05).The fastest enhancement rate(Rmax)of prostate cancer patients was 36.60±14.41,which was higher than that in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(P<0.05).The proportions of patients with T2WI score≥4 in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ,ISUP grading≥4,and PSA≥50 ng/ml were 62.50%,75.00%and 63.16%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ,ISUP grading≤3,and PSA level<50 ng/ml(all P<0.05).The Tmax of patients in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ was 68 405.44(43 506.43,82 204.32)ms,which was lower than that of stagesⅠ-Ⅱpatients(all P<0.05).The Rmax of patients in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ was 39.16±9.50,which was higher than that of stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients(all P<0.05).The Tmax of patients with ISUP grading≥4 was 66 504.32(43 506.43,84 053.12)ms,which was lower than that of patients with ISUP grading≤3(P<0.05).The Rmax of patients with ISUP grading≥4 was 40.38±9.75,which was higher than that of patients with ISUP grading≤3(P<0.05).The Tmax of patients with PSA≥50 ng/ml was 63 044.22(45 035.20,82 204.32)ms,which was shorter than that of patients with PSA<50 ng/ml(P<0.05).The Rmax of patients with PSA≥50 ng/ml was 39.15±9.05,which was higher than that of patients with PSA<50 ng/ml(P<0.05).Tmax was negatively correlated with PSA(P<0.05),while Rmax was positively correlated with PSA(P<0.05).T2WI manifestations and Rmax were positively correlated with ISUP grading(all P<0.05),while Tmax was negatively correlated with ISUP grading(P<0.05).Conclusion T2WI and DCE-MRI parameters are correlated with clinical staging,ISUP grading,and PSA level of prostate cancer,which is worthy of further clinical research.

Objective:To improve the operability and stability of the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model,we established a novel method,external carotid artery ligation free(ECA-LF),for MCAO model and compared its advantages with the traditional Longa method and Koizumi method.Methods:A total of 100 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham group,Koizumi group,Longa group,and ECA-LF group.The advantages and disadvantages of each method were evaluated in terms of surgical operation time,postoperative animal survival rate,postoperative animal survival rate,neurological functional score,and stability of infarct size.Results:The ECA-LF method spent less time than either the Longa or the Koizumi method during the course of making MCAO model.Com-pared with the Longa group,the ECA-LF group had a lower Garcia score,but was comparable to the Koizumi group.The survival rate of animals in the ECA-LF group was significantly higher than the other two groups 7 days after surgery.The Morris water maze(MWM)test showed that there was no significant difference between the ECA-LF group and oth-er two groups in learning and memory ability.The degree of cerebral edema and infarct size in the ECA-LF group were comparable to the other two groups.Conclusion:Compared with the traditional Longa and Koizumi methods,the ECA-LF method simplifies the surgical procedures,shortens the model-making time,and improves the survival rate of model animal with similar stability to the traditional methods.It has certain advantages in stroke experimental research.