Aging is a complex process triggered by multiple factors,characterized by the gradual decline of physiological and behavioral capabilities.Among various organs,the brain is particularly susceptible to aging effects.Brain aging not only leads to cognitive decline in the elderly but also increases the risk of neurodegen-erative diseases,resulting in reduced quality of life and increased social aging burdens.Therefore,it is essential to thoroughly investigate the mechanisms and biomarkers of both physiological and pathological brain aging to enable early prevention,monitoring,and intervention.Mitochondria play a crucial role in both physiological and pathological brain aging processes,making mitochondrial-related mechanisms and biomarkers key research directions in this field.This article reviews the main manifestations and mechanistic differences between physi-ological and pathological brain aging,summarizes mitochondrial mechanisms in brain aging,identifies mito-chondrial-associated biomarkers,and proposes health-promoting,mitochondria-targeting interventions.

Elevated glucose metabolism is a prominent characteristic of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the efficacy of inhibiting a single target of glucose metabolism in FLS using small molecular inhibitors is limited for RA treatment. Herein, the synergistic inhibition of FLS' survival, proliferation, and activation by combining two glucose metabolism inhibitors, diclofenac (DC) and lonidamine (LND) was first verified. Subsequently, DC and LND were individually conjugated to cystamine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA) to prepare two polymer-prodrug conjugates. A HAP-1 peptide-modified dual polymer-prodrug conjugates-assembled nanoparticles system (^HAP-1NP_DC+LND) was further tailored in the optimal synergistic ratio for targeted and synergistic metabolic modulation of FLS to alleviate RA symptoms. Upon targeted uptake by FLS in inflamed joints, ^HAP-1NP_DC+LND released DC and LND within the intracellular reductive microenvironment, where DC hinders glucose uptake and LND suppresses glycolytic enzymes to eliminate FLS synergistically. Additionally, the secretion of lactic acid and pro-inflammatory factors from FLS were reduced, thereby disrupting the crosstalk between FLS and pro-inflammatory macrophages. Finally, ^HAP-1NP_DC+LND demonstrated promising efficacy in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Overall, this research provides valuable insights into novel therapeutic strategies for the safe and effective of treatment RA through targeted and synergistic metabolic modulation of FLS.

Tongue diagnosis is an important method of TCM diagnosis and treatment.Tongue is the key link of auxiliary diagnosis of tongue feature extraction and processing,and also is the bottleneck of intelligent tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine.Using image processing,artificial intelligence technology to the tongue as a quantitative and identify characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine,looking for both conforms to the original thinking of TCM,and TCM tongue diagnosis method of accurately,has become a common concern of traditional Chinese medicine and computer field.From the mobile terminal tongue as auxiliary diagnostic system of traditional Chinese medicine tongue acquisition basic attribute,tongue diagnosis and image information building,tongue like features are required for accurate extraction and so on related key technology is analyzed,and build overall architecture,so as to provide technical reference for the tongue like intelligent diagnosis,promote the development of technology of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine modernization.

Objective To evaluate the differences in chemical composition and pharmacological effects between Angelica-Astragalus medicine pair decoction(DGD)and traditional decotion,and to provide a reference for the rational clinical application of Danggui Buxue decoction.Methods With the two comparison methods of unified and non-uniform raw material source batches,we set up different sample groups,established characteristic maps by HPLC,and evaluated the chemical components based on the similarity of characteristic maps,component types,index component content,common peak area,and other factors.The efficacy of the drug was evaluated in the hemorrhagic blood deficiency model mice.Results ①The similarity of the feature map between the DGD and TD was high(similarity was greater than 0.87).②The number of chromatographic peaks was inconsistent.Traditional decoction from self-purchased decoction pieces,or traditional decoction-Factory A decoction pieces had a total of 12 chromatographic peaks each.The DGD of Factory A had a total of 15 chromatographic peaks.There were 10 chromatographic peaks in the DGD of Factory B.③The contents of ferulic acid and calycosin 7-O-glucoside(CG)in DGD of Factory A were higher than those in traditional decoction(P<0.05,n=3).There was no significant difference between DGD and TD ferulic acid content in Factory B,but the content of CG was lower than that in traditional decoction(P<0.05).④The total area of common peaks in DGD was different from that in TD.The relative total ratios of the contents of the components in the self-purchased traditional decoction pieces,the traditional decoction pieces of Factory A,the formula granules of Factory A,and the formula granules of Factory B were 1.00,0.96,2.14,0.60,respectively.⑤Both DGD and traditional decoction could significantly promote the recovery of hemoglobin and red blood cells in hemorrhagic anemia model mice(P<0.01);Compared with the model control group,there was a significantly difference(P<0.05)except for the DGD group of Plant B.There was no significant difference between DGD and TD of Plant A,but there was a very significant difference between DGD and TD of Plant B(P<0.01).Conclusion Whether the raw material source batch is consistent or not,DGD and TD have certain differences in chemical composition.In terms of pharmacological effect,DGD,prepared from a unified batch of decoction pieces,has similar efficacy to traditional decoction in alleviating hemorrhagic anemia.There are certain differences in the pharmacological effects between DGD prepared from different batches of decoction pieces and traditional decoctions.The differences caused by the different preparation processes of the same source batch of prepared slices were compared,and the quality differences of the formula granules from different manufacturers were caused by the different source batches of prepared slices and different preparation processes,indicating the necessity and urgency of the country to formulate a unified quality standard for formula granules and related process specifications.

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of cognition-related lifestyles of elderly in communities and explore the integrated effects on early cognitive decline.Methods:The participants were from the Project of Prevention and Intervention of Neurodegenerative Disease for Elderly in China. A total of 2 537 older adults aged ≥60 years without dementia in the 2015 baseline survey and the 2017 follow-up survey were included. The information about their cognition-related lifestyles, including physical exercise, social interaction, leisure activity, sleep quality, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, were collected through questionnaire survey and the integrated scores were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between integrated cognition-related lifestyle score and early cognitive decline.Results:In the 2 537 older adults surveyed, 28.7% had score of 5-6, while only 4.8% had high scores for all 6 healthy lifestyles. Significant differences in healthy lifestyle factor distributions were observed between men and women. Multivariate logistic regression model showed that the risks for early cognitive decline in the older adults who had lifestyle score of 4 and 5-6 were lower than that in those with lifestyle score of 0-3 ( OR=0.683, 95% CI: 0.457-1.019; OR=0.623, 95% CI: 0.398-0.976; trend P=0.030). In the women, the risks for early cognitive decline was lower in groups with score of 4 and 5-6 than in group with score of 0-3 ( OR=0.491, 95% CI: 0.297-0.812; OR=0.556, 95% CI: 0.332-0.929; trend P=0.024). Conclusion:Cognition-related healthy lifestyles are associated with significantly lower risk for early cognitive decline in the elderly, especially in women.

Centenarians are known as the "model population" in the study of healthy aging. Understanding their characteristics of health and longevity and its related influencing factors would facilitate the exploration of the possible path to achieve health and longevity under the background of population aging in China. In recent years, the population based observational studies, including China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study (CHCCS), have found the main health characteristics of centenarians and their relationship with quality of life. This paper summarizes the relevant research results from CHCCS in recent years, and compare them with the results of similar domestic studies. The main health indicators include blood pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose, hemoglobin, body measurement and renal function. The health outcomes including diet, nutrition, health-related quality of life, activities of daily living, geriatric syndrome. The results are expected to provide epidemiological evidence for the development of healthy aging policies.

Objective    To explore the distribution pattern of respiratory symptoms and relevant factors in patients with pulmonary nodules. Methods    Demographic and clinical information were collected from patients who visited the Thoracic Surgery Outpatient Clinic of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess their anxiety and depression level. Results    A total of 1 173 patients were enrolled, including 449 males and 724 females, with an average age of 46.94±11.43 years. Among the patients with pulmonary nodules, 37.7% of them had at least one respiratory symptom; 24.4% had cough, 14.0% had expectoration, 1.3% had hemoptysis and 14.9% had chest pain. Old age, male, exposure to second-hand smoking or environmental smoke, hair coloring and history of tuberculosis were major risk factors for respiratory symptoms (P<0.05). Middle age, old age, male, exposure to environmental smoke were major risk factors for cough (P<0.05); old age, smoking, larger maximum nodules diameters, exposure to environmental smoke and history of pneumonia were major risk factors for expectoration (P<0.05); male, multiple nodules, hair coloring, exposure to second-hand smoking and history of tuberculosis were major risk factors for chest pain (P<0.05). Symptomatic patients showed generally higher HADS scores than asymptomatic patients (P<0.001). Conclusion    Cough, expectoration and chest pain are the predominant respiratory symptoms for patients with pulmonary nodules. The presentation of respiratory symptoms increases patients' anxiety and depression.

Objective: To understand the current situation of suicide attempts in middle school students and to explore its relation with adolescent parent attachment, to provide a basis for the prevention and control of middle school students suicidal behavior. Methods: A total of 4 419 students from grades 7 to 12 in Ezhou City and Xiaogan City, Hubei Province were selected by stratified cluster random sampling. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used to conduct a questionnaire Survey, and evaluated the suicide attempts of middle school students. Results: The detection rate of attempted suicide among middle school students was 6.8%. The detection rate of attempted suicide varies among different grades, family types, parental relation, parenting style, family income, self esteem level, and psychological distress( χ 2/ t =3.88, 10.12, 18.00, 52.54, 13.90 , 2.37, 8.99, P <0.05). The scores of paternal attachment and maternal attachment ( 14.64 ±13.45, 14.77±12.26) in the group with attempted suicide were lower than those without attempted suicide(22.05±16.08, 23.79±14.93)( t =-9.07, -12.11, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that both paternal attachment and maternal attachment were associated with lower rate of suicide attempts among middle school students(paternal attachment, OR=0.99, 95%CI = 0.98 -0.99; maternal attachment OR=0.97, 95%CI =0.96-0.98), with paternal attachment for girls only( OR=0.98, 95%CI= 0.97 -0.99)(P <0.05). Conclusion Adolescent parent attachment may be a protective factor for middle school students suicide attempts. Sex specific effects are observed in adolescent father attachment in girls. Parents should pay attention to cultivating a good attachment relationship with their children and promote the healthy growth of middle school students.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of applying electronic nose technology to rapidly identify Bletillae Rhizoma and its approximate decoction pieces. MethodA total of 134 batches of Bletillae Rhizoma and its approximate decoction pieces， including 45 batches of Bletillae Rhizoma， 30 batches of Gastrodiae Rhizoma， 30 batches of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma and 29 batches of Bletillae Ochraceae Rhizoma， were collected as test samples. The olfactory sensory data of the samples were collected by PEN3 electronic nose as the independent variable（X）. Based on the identification results of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and local standards， as well as the high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） fingerprint and original purchase information of 134 batches of the decoction pieces， the benchmark data Y of the identification model were obtained， and four chemometric methods of principal component analysis-discriminant analysis（PCA-DA）， partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）， least square-support vector machine（LS-SVM） and K-nearest neighbor（KNN） were used to establish the binary identification model for 45 batches of Bletillae Rhizoma and 89 batches of non-Bletillae Rhizoma and the quadratic identification model of the four kinds of decoction pieces， that is， Y=F（X）. ResultAfter leave-one-out cross validation， the positive discrimination rates of the above four models were 97.01%， 97.01%， 98.51% and 97.01% in the binary identification， and 97.76%， 89.55%， 98.51% and 97.01% in the quadratic identification， respectively. The highest positive discrimination rate could reach 98.51% for the binary and quadratic identification models， and LS-SVM algorithm is both the optimal one， the most suitable kernel functions were chosen as radial basis function and linear kernel function， respectively. The optimal models discriminated well with no unclassified samples. ConclusionElectronic nose technology can accurately and rapidly identify Bletillae Rhizoma and its approximate decoction pieces， which can provide new ideas and methods for rapid quality evaluation of other decoction pieces.

Objective: To examine the association between sexual orientation and high risk sexual behaviors and its sex differences among college students, so as to provide a theoretical basis for intervention and controlling of high risk sexual behaviors of the college students. Methods: From November 2020 to May 2021, 1 920 college students among four universities in Hubei Province were recruited by multi stage stratified random cluster sampling, and their sexual orientation and the frequency of high risk sexual behaviors were investigated by a self designed questionnaire. And then analyzed the association between sexual orientation and high risk sexual behaviors and its sex differences by using Chi square test and Logistic regression analysis method. Results: The prevalence of sexual behaviors was 18.2%, the prevalence of high risk sexual behaviors was 7.2%, and the prevalence of high risk sexual behaviors was higher among non heterosexuals(13.5%) than among heterosexuals (6.7%),the prevalence of high risk sexual behaviors was higher among males (9.2%) than among females(5.3%)，and the differences were statistically significant( χ 2=9.40, 10.77, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the association between sexual orientation and high risk sexual behaviors was not statistically significant( OR=1.52, 95%CI=0.83-2.80, P >0.05). However, stratified analysis by sex revealed that among male students, the risk of high risk sexual behaviors was 3.57 times higher among non heterosexuals than among heterosexuals( OR= 3.57 , 95%CI=1.52-8.41, P <0.01), while among female students, the association between sexual orientation and high risk sexual behaviors was not statistically significant( OR=0.48, 95%CI=0.15-1.57, P >0.05). Conclusion There are sex differences in the relationship between sexual orientation and high risk sexual behaviors among college students. Male non-heterosexuals are at higher risk for high risk sexual behaviors than male heterosexuals. Therefore, prevention and interventions for high risk sexual behaviors among college students should focus on gay and bisexual men so as to reduce the occurance rate of their high risk sexual behaviors.