Purpose: To analyze the frequency and clinical characteristics of ocular injuries in patients with prior blowout fractures who experience new blunt trauma, and to assess whether old orbital fractures provide a protective effect against subsequent ocular trauma. Methods: The medical records of 1,315 ocular trauma patients were reviewed. A total of 927 patients who had orbital or facial computed tomography scans and ophthalmologist evaluations were considered. After applying exclusion criteria, 568 patients with 581 affected eyes were included in the final analysis. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of old blowout fractures, identified on computed tomography scan. The clinical characteristics and the frequency of ocular injuries were compared between the two groups. The risk of ocular injury according to the presence of old blowout fracture ware studied using multiple logistic regression after controlling age and sex. Results: Among the 581 eyes examined, 140 (24.1%) had old blowout fractures. The incidence of intraocular complications was significantly higher in the no orbital fracture group compared to the old blowout fracture group (20.4% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001). Specifically, the incidence of complications such as gross hyphema (p = 0.001), globe rupture (p = 0.006), and vitreous hemorrhage (p = 0.027) was significantly greater in the group without old blowout fractures than in those with them. Multiple logistic regression showed that the presence of old blowout fractures was significantly associated with reduced risk of ocular injury (p < 0.001). Conclusions The patients with old blowout fractures had a lower risk of ocular injuries following subsequent blunt trauma. The findings suggest that old fractures may provide protective effect. These results may have important implications for the clinical management of patients at risk of recurrent orbital trauma.

Background: This study focuses on the development of a hydrogel wound patch incorporating natural extracts, designed to function as a sun patch. By maintaining a moist environment and delivering bioactive compounds, the patch promotes wound healing while also providing cooling and ultraviolet (UV) protection. This dual-purpose approach enhances skin recovery and shields damaged areas from external stressors. The study aims to optimize the formulation and evaluate its efficacy for both therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Methods: Hydrogel solutions prepared using acrylamide, glycerol, and carboxymethyl cellulose were enriched with extracts from Saururus chinensis, Styrax japonicus, and Centella asiatica. The enriched solutions were processed into patches and tested for their adhesion, cooling effects, and UV protective abilities. Additionally, the wound healing efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model. Results: The hydrogel patches demonstrated comparable adhesion properties, effective skin cooling, and high UV protection rates similar to those of commercially available products. In the mouse model, the patches significantly improved wound closure and tissue regeneration in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusion The study confirms that hydrogel sun patches enriched with natural extracts have the ability to effectively promote wound healing and offer substantial UV protection and cooling benefits, demonstrating their potential medical and cosmetic applications.

Purpose: To analyze the frequency and clinical characteristics of ocular injuries in patients with prior blowout fractures who experience new blunt trauma, and to assess whether old orbital fractures provide a protective effect against subsequent ocular trauma. Methods: The medical records of 1,315 ocular trauma patients were reviewed. A total of 927 patients who had orbital or facial computed tomography scans and ophthalmologist evaluations were considered. After applying exclusion criteria, 568 patients with 581 affected eyes were included in the final analysis. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of old blowout fractures, identified on computed tomography scan. The clinical characteristics and the frequency of ocular injuries were compared between the two groups. The risk of ocular injury according to the presence of old blowout fracture ware studied using multiple logistic regression after controlling age and sex. Results: Among the 581 eyes examined, 140 (24.1%) had old blowout fractures. The incidence of intraocular complications was significantly higher in the no orbital fracture group compared to the old blowout fracture group (20.4% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001). Specifically, the incidence of complications such as gross hyphema (p = 0.001), globe rupture (p = 0.006), and vitreous hemorrhage (p = 0.027) was significantly greater in the group without old blowout fractures than in those with them. Multiple logistic regression showed that the presence of old blowout fractures was significantly associated with reduced risk of ocular injury (p < 0.001). Conclusions The patients with old blowout fractures had a lower risk of ocular injuries following subsequent blunt trauma. The findings suggest that old fractures may provide protective effect. These results may have important implications for the clinical management of patients at risk of recurrent orbital trauma.

Purpose: To analyze the frequency and clinical characteristics of ocular injuries in patients with prior blowout fractures who experience new blunt trauma, and to assess whether old orbital fractures provide a protective effect against subsequent ocular trauma. Methods: The medical records of 1,315 ocular trauma patients were reviewed. A total of 927 patients who had orbital or facial computed tomography scans and ophthalmologist evaluations were considered. After applying exclusion criteria, 568 patients with 581 affected eyes were included in the final analysis. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of old blowout fractures, identified on computed tomography scan. The clinical characteristics and the frequency of ocular injuries were compared between the two groups. The risk of ocular injury according to the presence of old blowout fracture ware studied using multiple logistic regression after controlling age and sex. Results: Among the 581 eyes examined, 140 (24.1%) had old blowout fractures. The incidence of intraocular complications was significantly higher in the no orbital fracture group compared to the old blowout fracture group (20.4% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001). Specifically, the incidence of complications such as gross hyphema (p = 0.001), globe rupture (p = 0.006), and vitreous hemorrhage (p = 0.027) was significantly greater in the group without old blowout fractures than in those with them. Multiple logistic regression showed that the presence of old blowout fractures was significantly associated with reduced risk of ocular injury (p < 0.001). Conclusions The patients with old blowout fractures had a lower risk of ocular injuries following subsequent blunt trauma. The findings suggest that old fractures may provide protective effect. These results may have important implications for the clinical management of patients at risk of recurrent orbital trauma.

Purpose: To analyze the frequency and clinical characteristics of ocular injuries in patients with prior blowout fractures who experience new blunt trauma, and to assess whether old orbital fractures provide a protective effect against subsequent ocular trauma. Methods: The medical records of 1,315 ocular trauma patients were reviewed. A total of 927 patients who had orbital or facial computed tomography scans and ophthalmologist evaluations were considered. After applying exclusion criteria, 568 patients with 581 affected eyes were included in the final analysis. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of old blowout fractures, identified on computed tomography scan. The clinical characteristics and the frequency of ocular injuries were compared between the two groups. The risk of ocular injury according to the presence of old blowout fracture ware studied using multiple logistic regression after controlling age and sex. Results: Among the 581 eyes examined, 140 (24.1%) had old blowout fractures. The incidence of intraocular complications was significantly higher in the no orbital fracture group compared to the old blowout fracture group (20.4% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001). Specifically, the incidence of complications such as gross hyphema (p = 0.001), globe rupture (p = 0.006), and vitreous hemorrhage (p = 0.027) was significantly greater in the group without old blowout fractures than in those with them. Multiple logistic regression showed that the presence of old blowout fractures was significantly associated with reduced risk of ocular injury (p < 0.001). Conclusions The patients with old blowout fractures had a lower risk of ocular injuries following subsequent blunt trauma. The findings suggest that old fractures may provide protective effect. These results may have important implications for the clinical management of patients at risk of recurrent orbital trauma.

Purpose: To analyze the frequency and clinical characteristics of ocular injuries in patients with prior blowout fractures who experience new blunt trauma, and to assess whether old orbital fractures provide a protective effect against subsequent ocular trauma. Methods: The medical records of 1,315 ocular trauma patients were reviewed. A total of 927 patients who had orbital or facial computed tomography scans and ophthalmologist evaluations were considered. After applying exclusion criteria, 568 patients with 581 affected eyes were included in the final analysis. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of old blowout fractures, identified on computed tomography scan. The clinical characteristics and the frequency of ocular injuries were compared between the two groups. The risk of ocular injury according to the presence of old blowout fracture ware studied using multiple logistic regression after controlling age and sex. Results: Among the 581 eyes examined, 140 (24.1%) had old blowout fractures. The incidence of intraocular complications was significantly higher in the no orbital fracture group compared to the old blowout fracture group (20.4% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001). Specifically, the incidence of complications such as gross hyphema (p = 0.001), globe rupture (p = 0.006), and vitreous hemorrhage (p = 0.027) was significantly greater in the group without old blowout fractures than in those with them. Multiple logistic regression showed that the presence of old blowout fractures was significantly associated with reduced risk of ocular injury (p < 0.001). Conclusions The patients with old blowout fractures had a lower risk of ocular injuries following subsequent blunt trauma. The findings suggest that old fractures may provide protective effect. These results may have important implications for the clinical management of patients at risk of recurrent orbital trauma.

Purpose: The main goal of this study was to identify the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on grocery purchases (i.e., fresh and processed foods by grain, vegetable, fruit, seafood, and meat categories) in Korea. To understand the specific impact of COVID-19, the study period was divided into 3 segments: PRE-COVID-19, INTER-COVID-19, and POST-COVID-19. Methods: We used the microdata of household income and expenditure from Statistics Korea (KOSTAT), representing households across the country. The data comprised monthly grocery expenditure data from January 2019 to September 2022. First, we compared the PRECOVID-19 period to INTER-COVID-19 and then INTER-COVID-19 to POST-COVID-19 and used multiple regression analysis. The covariates used were the gender and age of the head of the household, the household’s monthly income, the number of family members, the price index, and the month (dummy variable). Results: The expenditures on all grocery categories except fresh fruit increased from PRE-COVID-19 to INTER-COVID-19. From INTER-COVID-19 to POST-COVID-19, almost all grocery category spending declined, with processed meat being the only exception.Most purchases of protein sources, increased during INTER-COVID-19 compared to PRECOVID-19, while ham/sausage/bacon for meat protein, fish cakes and canned seafood for seafood protein, and soy milk for plant-based protein did not decrease during POSTCOVID-19 compared to INTER-COVID-19. Conclusion These results show an overall increase in in-home grocery expenditure during COVID-19 due to an increase in eating at home, followed by a decrease in this expenditure in the POST-COVID-19 period. Among the trends, the protein and highly processed convenience food categories did not see a decline in spending during the POST-COVID-19 period, which is a reflection of the preferences of consumers in the post-COVID-19 period.

Objective: Classification guides the surgical approach and predicts prognosis. However, existing classifications of spinal schwannomas often result in a high ‘unclassified’ rate. Here, we aim to develop a new comprehensive classification for spinal schwannomas based on their presumed origin. We compared the new classification with the existing classifications regarding the rate of ‘unclassified’. Finally, we assessed the surgical strategies, outcomes, and complications according to each type of the new classification. Methods: A new classification with 9 types was created by analyzing the anatomy of spinal nerves and the origin of significant tumor portions and cystic components in preoperative magnetic resonance images. A total of 482 patients with spinal schwannomas were analyzed to compare our new classification with the existing classifications. We defined ‘unclassified’ as the inability to classify a patient with spinal schwannoma using the classification criteria. Surgical approaches and outcomes were also aligned with our new classification. Results: Our classification uniquely reported no ‘unclassified’ cases, indicating full applicability. Also, the classification has demonstrated usefulness in predicting the surgical outcome with the approach planned. Gross total removal rates reached 88.0% overall, with type 1 and type 2 tumors at 95.3% and 96.0% respectively. The approach varied with tumor type, with laminectomy predominantly used for types 1, 2, and 9, and facetectomy with posterior fixation used for type 3 tumors. Conclusion The new classification for spinal schwannomas based on presumed origin is applicable to all spinal schwannomas. It could help plan a surgical approach and predict its outcome, compared with existing classifications.

This article discusses studies and real-world experiences related to the clinical application of artificial intelligence-based computer-aided detection (AI-CAD) software (LuCAS-plus, Monitor Corporation) in detecting pulmonary nodules. During clinical trials for lung cancer screening, AI-CAD exhibited performance comparable to that of medical professionals in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Studies revealed that applying AI-CAD for diagnosing pulmonary metastases led to high detection rates. The use of a nodule matching algorithm in diagnosing pulmonary metastases significantly reduced false non-metastasis results. In clinical settings, implementing AI-CAD enhanced the efficiency of pulmonary nodule detection, saving time and effort during CT reading. Overall, AI-CAD is expected to offer substantial support for lung cancer screening and the interpretation of chest CT scans for malignant tumor surveillance.

Objective: Classification guides the surgical approach and predicts prognosis. However, existing classifications of spinal schwannomas often result in a high ‘unclassified’ rate. Here, we aim to develop a new comprehensive classification for spinal schwannomas based on their presumed origin. We compared the new classification with the existing classifications regarding the rate of ‘unclassified’. Finally, we assessed the surgical strategies, outcomes, and complications according to each type of the new classification. Methods: A new classification with 9 types was created by analyzing the anatomy of spinal nerves and the origin of significant tumor portions and cystic components in preoperative magnetic resonance images. A total of 482 patients with spinal schwannomas were analyzed to compare our new classification with the existing classifications. We defined ‘unclassified’ as the inability to classify a patient with spinal schwannoma using the classification criteria. Surgical approaches and outcomes were also aligned with our new classification. Results: Our classification uniquely reported no ‘unclassified’ cases, indicating full applicability. Also, the classification has demonstrated usefulness in predicting the surgical outcome with the approach planned. Gross total removal rates reached 88.0% overall, with type 1 and type 2 tumors at 95.3% and 96.0% respectively. The approach varied with tumor type, with laminectomy predominantly used for types 1, 2, and 9, and facetectomy with posterior fixation used for type 3 tumors. Conclusion The new classification for spinal schwannomas based on presumed origin is applicable to all spinal schwannomas. It could help plan a surgical approach and predict its outcome, compared with existing classifications.