Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible pathological process in various chronic liver diseases and is closely associated with the development and progression of severe liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma， and it has emerged as a significant global health challenge. In recent years， studies have shown that histone lactylation， a newly discovered epigenetic modification， actively participates in regulating the progression of hepatic fibrosis. This article systematically reviews the core regulatory effect of histone lactylation modification in the interaction between inflammatory microenvironment and hepatic fibrosis， in order to clarify the cascade regulatory mechanism of “inflammation-hepatic fibrosis” and provide new insights for early diagnosis， targeted intervention， and prevention of malignant transformation in hepatic fibrosis.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 PET/CT in patients with prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) 1-3 lesions on multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) and pathologically confirmed prostate cancer. Methods:Clinical, pathological, and imaging data of 59 patients (age (67.8±7.6) years) with PI-RADS 1-3 lesions on mpMRI in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University between December 2021 and March 2024 were retrospectively collected. Those patients also underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and prostate biopsy during the same period due to an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. The diagnostic performances of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT for PI-RADS 1-3 prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer were evaluated by using pathological results as the standard. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences in clinical characteristics and PET parameters between PET-positive and PET-negative groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to select independent influencing factors for the PET/CT diagnosis of prostate cancer. Results:Of the included 59 patients, 7, 27, and 25 had PI-RADS scores of 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Benign prostate hyperplasia was pathologically confirmed in 8 patients, and prostate cancer was confirmed in 51 patients, of which 37 had clinically significant prostate cancer. The sensitivity of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in diagnosing prostate cancer was 86.3%(44/51), the specificity was 2/8, the accuracy was 78.0%(46/59), the positive predictive value was 88.0%(44/50), and the negative predictive value was 2/9. For patients with clinically significant prostate cancer, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 91.9%(34/37), 27.3%(6/22), 67.8%(40/59), 68.0%(34/50), and 6/9, respectively. SUV max was significantly higher in the PET-positive group ( n=44) than that in the PET-negative group ( n=7; 12.8(9.1, 23.5) vs 5.1(5.0, 6.2); Z=-4.16, P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that SUV max was an independent influencing factor for the diagnosis of prostate cancer by 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT (odds ratio ( OR)=6.01, 95% CI: 1.57-23.00, P=0.009). Conclusions:18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT has a high sensitivity and positive predictive value in prostate cancer patients with PI-RADS 1-3 on mpMRI. It can be used as a supplementary modality to mpMRI to guide clinical decision for patients with PI-RADS 1-3 and clinically suspected prostate cancer lesions.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum interleukin-17(IL-17)combined with eotaxin-3 for poor prognosis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods A total of 213 patients with AECOPD admitted to Beijing Municipal Armed Police Force Hospital from May 2018 to July 2023 were selected as the disease group.According to the prognosis of patients,they were divided into good prognosis group(133 cases)and poor prognosis group(80 cases).At the same time,205 physical examination healthy people in Beijing Municipal Armed Police Force Hospital were selected as the healthy group.The serum levels of IL-17 and eotaxin-3 were detected by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay.The clinical data of poor prognosis group and good prognosis group were compared.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum IL-17 level and eotaxin-3 in AECOPD patients.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors affecting the progno-sis of AECOPD patients.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predic-tive value of serum IL-17 and eotaxin-3 levels for the prognosis of AECOPD patients.Results Compared with the healthy group,the serum levels of IL-17 and eotaxin-3 were increased in the disease group(P<0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had significant increases in serum IL-17 and eotaxin-3 levels(P<0.05).Serum IL-17 level was positively correlated with eotaxin-3 in AECOPD pa-tients(r=0.537,P<0.001).There were significant differences in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD)grade,blood oxygen partial pressure(PaO2)and carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2)between the poor prognosis group and the good prognosis group(P<0.05).GOLD grade,PaCO2,serum IL-17 and eotaxin-3 levels were risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with AECOPD(P<0.05),and PaO2 was a protective factor for poor prognosis in patients with AECOPD(P<0.05).The area under the curve of serum IL-17 and eotaxin-3 combined to predict the prognosis of AECOPD patients was 0.885,the sensitivity was 80.00%,and the specificity was 83.46%,which was better than that of IL-17 and eotaxin-3 a-lone(Zcombiation-IL-17=4.045,P<0.001,Zcombiation-eotaxin-3=3.254,P=0.001).Conclusion The serum levels of IL-17 and eotaxin-3 are increased in AECOPD patients.The combination of IL-17 and eotaxin-3 has predictive value for the prognosis of AECOPD patients.

Objective To observe brain structural changes in preterm infants and to analyze associated clinical risk factors based on 3D T1 structural MRI.Methods Brain 3D T1 structural MRI data of 82 preterm infants(preterm group)and 50 term infants(term group)were analyzed.Cortical morphology,including cortical thickness,surface area,sulcal depth and gyrification index were compared between groups.Spearman partial correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations of cortical structural changes and perinatal clinical variables.Results Compared with those in term group,increased cortical thickness of the right caudal middle frontal gyrus,reduced surface area of the left inferior parietal lobule,left precuneus and bilateral supramarginal gyrus,as well as decreased gyrification index in the right superior temporal gyrus,right lateral occipital gyrus,left inferior parietal lobule and left parahippocampal gyrus were observed in preterm group(all FDR corrected P＜0.05).No significant difference of sulcal depth was found between groups(all P＞0.05).Cortical surface area in bilateral supramarginal gyrus of preterm infant lowly-weakly negatively(rs=-0.327,-0.267,both P＜0.05)correlated,while the gyrification index in left parahippocampal gyrus of preterm infant weakly and positively(rs=0.221,P=0.045)correlated with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus.The surface area of left inferior parietal lobule,left precuneus,left supramarginal gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus in preterm infant weakly and negatively correlated with maternal infection during pregnancy(rs=-0.284—-0.224,all P＜0.05).Meanwhile,cortical thickness of the right caudal middle frontal gyrus and surface area of the right supramarginal gyrus in preterm infant lowly and negatively correlated with premature rupture of membranes(rs=-0.311,-0.301,both P＜0.05).Conclusion 3D T1 structural MRI was useful for detecting abnormal cortical morphology of preterm infants.Maternal gestational diabetes,infection during pregnancy and premature rupture of membranes might be risk factors for abnormal brain structure in newborns.

Objective To observe brain structural changes in preterm infants and to analyze associated clinical risk factors based on 3D T1 structural MRI.Methods Brain 3D T1 structural MRI data of 82 preterm infants(preterm group)and 50 term infants(term group)were analyzed.Cortical morphology,including cortical thickness,surface area,sulcal depth and gyrification index were compared between groups.Spearman partial correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations of cortical structural changes and perinatal clinical variables.Results Compared with those in term group,increased cortical thickness of the right caudal middle frontal gyrus,reduced surface area of the left inferior parietal lobule,left precuneus and bilateral supramarginal gyrus,as well as decreased gyrification index in the right superior temporal gyrus,right lateral occipital gyrus,left inferior parietal lobule and left parahippocampal gyrus were observed in preterm group(all FDR corrected P＜0.05).No significant difference of sulcal depth was found between groups(all P＞0.05).Cortical surface area in bilateral supramarginal gyrus of preterm infant lowly-weakly negatively(rs=-0.327,-0.267,both P＜0.05)correlated,while the gyrification index in left parahippocampal gyrus of preterm infant weakly and positively(rs=0.221,P=0.045)correlated with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus.The surface area of left inferior parietal lobule,left precuneus,left supramarginal gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus in preterm infant weakly and negatively correlated with maternal infection during pregnancy(rs=-0.284—-0.224,all P＜0.05).Meanwhile,cortical thickness of the right caudal middle frontal gyrus and surface area of the right supramarginal gyrus in preterm infant lowly and negatively correlated with premature rupture of membranes(rs=-0.311,-0.301,both P＜0.05).Conclusion 3D T1 structural MRI was useful for detecting abnormal cortical morphology of preterm infants.Maternal gestational diabetes,infection during pregnancy and premature rupture of membranes might be risk factors for abnormal brain structure in newborns.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 PET/CT in patients with prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) 1-3 lesions on multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) and pathologically confirmed prostate cancer. Methods:Clinical, pathological, and imaging data of 59 patients (age (67.8±7.6) years) with PI-RADS 1-3 lesions on mpMRI in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University between December 2021 and March 2024 were retrospectively collected. Those patients also underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and prostate biopsy during the same period due to an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. The diagnostic performances of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT for PI-RADS 1-3 prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer were evaluated by using pathological results as the standard. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences in clinical characteristics and PET parameters between PET-positive and PET-negative groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to select independent influencing factors for the PET/CT diagnosis of prostate cancer. Results:Of the included 59 patients, 7, 27, and 25 had PI-RADS scores of 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Benign prostate hyperplasia was pathologically confirmed in 8 patients, and prostate cancer was confirmed in 51 patients, of which 37 had clinically significant prostate cancer. The sensitivity of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in diagnosing prostate cancer was 86.3%(44/51), the specificity was 2/8, the accuracy was 78.0%(46/59), the positive predictive value was 88.0%(44/50), and the negative predictive value was 2/9. For patients with clinically significant prostate cancer, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 91.9%(34/37), 27.3%(6/22), 67.8%(40/59), 68.0%(34/50), and 6/9, respectively. SUV max was significantly higher in the PET-positive group ( n=44) than that in the PET-negative group ( n=7; 12.8(9.1, 23.5) vs 5.1(5.0, 6.2); Z=-4.16, P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that SUV max was an independent influencing factor for the diagnosis of prostate cancer by 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT (odds ratio ( OR)=6.01, 95% CI: 1.57-23.00, P=0.009). Conclusions:18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT has a high sensitivity and positive predictive value in prostate cancer patients with PI-RADS 1-3 on mpMRI. It can be used as a supplementary modality to mpMRI to guide clinical decision for patients with PI-RADS 1-3 and clinically suspected prostate cancer lesions.

Objective:To evaluate the value of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT-based radiomics models in differentiation between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:Data from 50 patients with prostate cancer (age: (70.0±8.8) years) and 25 patients with BPH (age: (66.9±9.4) years) who underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging and prostate biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from May 2020 to September 2022 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into the training set ( n=53) and test set ( n=22) in the ratio of 7∶3 by using random seed number. The ROIs were delineated based on PET and CT images, and radiomics features were extracted respectively. Feature selection was performed using the minimum redundancy and maximum relevance (mRMR) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. PET and PET/CT radiomics models were generated using logistic regression. ROC curve analysis was employed for model evaluation. In addition, comparisons of the 2 radiomics models with parameters including the ratio of free prostate specific antigen (fPSA)/total prostate specific antigen (tPSA), PET metabolic parameters, as well as prostate cancer molecular imaging standardize evaluation (PROMISE) were conducted (Delong test). Results:A total of 7 features were included in the PET radiomics model, and 3 CT-based features and 4 PET-based features were included in the PET/CT radiomics model. The AUCs of PET and PET/CT radiomics models in the training set and test set were 0.941, 0.914 and 0.965, 0.914, respectively, which were higher than those of fPSA/tPSA (0.719 and 0.710), SUV max(0.748 and 0.800), peak of SUV (SUV peak, 0.722 and 0.771), metabolic tumor volume (MTV, 0.640 and 0.595), total lesion uptake (TLU, 0.525 and 0.476) and PROMISE (0.644 and 0.667)[ z values for the training set: from -6.26 to -3.13, all P<0.01; z values for the test set: from -3.16 to -1.08, P>0.05 (fPSA/tPSA, SUV max, SUV peak) or P<0.05 (MTV, TLU, PROMISE)]. The differential diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of PET and PET/CT radiomics models in the test set were 86.36%(19/22), 13/15, 6/7 and 90.91%(20/22), 15/15, 5/7, respectively. Conclusion:Compared with the clinical and PET parameters, PSMA PET/CT-based radiomics model can further improve the efficiency of differential diagnosis between prostate cancer and BPH.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the current situation of pediatric drug use under centralized drug procurement， and to provide reference for the subsequent design of pediatric drug centralized procurement rules. METHODS The comparative analysis method was used to analyze the problems in the centralized procurement， clinical use and supply of pediatric drugs from the aspects of centralized procurement selection results and actual use of pediatric drugs， price difference and online prices of pediatric drugs. The solutions were put forward to optimize the centralized procurement and pricing rules of pediatric drugs. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The demands for pediatric drugs in China were increasing， but the supply of marketed pediatric drugs was insufficient （including insufficient coverage of disease fields， insufficient varieties， insufficient suitable dosage forms for children， insufficient specifications for children， etc.）， and the development of pediatric drugs was relatively difficult. After merging the dosage forms of centralized procurement according to the medical insurance list， some suitable dosage forms and specifications for children couldn’t be selected， resulting in a shortage of clinical pediatric medication. Relevant enterprises’ enthusiasm for developing and producing pediatric drugs and participating in online competitions had decreased. There was also the problem of underpricing of pediatric drugs under the drug price difference ratio rule. It is recommended that when conducting centralized drug procurement， special drugs for children should be grouped separately for centralized procurement based on attributes and the population covered by the indications. The specifications of suitable pediatric drugs that were not selected are converted into the agreed purchase quantity of medical institutions in a certain proportion. It is necessary to further optimize the pricing rules for pediatric specialized drugs， ensure a certain profit margin for such drugs， increase the willingness of production enterprises to research， develop and supply drugs， and thus ensure the use and supply of pediatric drugs.

【Objective】 To analyze the correlation of whole body tumor burden of ¹⁸F-prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission computed tomography （¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT） with prostate specific antigen （PSA） and Gleason score so as to evaluate the value of ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT whole body tumor burden for predicting serum PSA progression in prostate cancer. 【Methods】 We retrospectively recruited 213 patients with prostate cancer who underwent ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT scanning from March 2019 to April 2021. The serum PSA and Gleason score were collected. Whole body tumor burden was measured by a semi-automatic method. The correlation of tumor burden with serum PSA and Gleason score was analyzed. After radical prostatectomy， the patients were divided into groups according to negative or positive ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT. PSA differences between groups were compared， and the receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） of the subjects was drawn so as to obtain the threshold value of PSA to predict the positive rate of ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT. The patients were followed up for PSA after radical surgery， divided into groups according to the progress of PSA， and the differences in tumor burden between groups were compared. 【Results】 In Gleason score ≤7， =8， and ≥9 groups， whole body tumor burden was correlated with PSA in each group （P=0.001）， and tumor burden significantly differed between the groups （P<0.001）. In initial diagnosis and treatment group， biochemical recurrence group， and medication group， the correlation between tumor burden and PSA was statistically significant （P=0.001）. The Gleason score of primary prostate lesion was significantly correlated with systemic tumor burden （P<0.001）. The area under ROC curve of PSA predicting the positive rate of ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT after radical prostatectomy was 0.821； when PSA>0.577 ng/mL， the sensitivity and the specificity were 66.7% and 96.8%， respectively. The mean whole body tumor burden in ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT positive patients with PSA progression was higher than that in patients without PSA progression. 【Conclusion】 The whole body tumor burden of ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT is significantly correlated with PSA， which is helpful in predicting the serum PSA progression in prostate cancer. PSA can predict the positive rate of ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT to a certain extent. At the same time， PSA can also predict positive results of ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT to a certain extent， and guide clinical rational selection of this examination.

【Objective】 To investigate the value of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） level， Gleason score， and PSMA PET/CT maximum standardized uptake value （SUVmax） in predicting prostate cancer （PCa） metastasis and the treatment option of oligometastatic PCa. 【Methods】 We retrospectively recruited 170 patients with PCa confirmed by pathology， 97 of whom were untreated， and divided them into nonmetastatic group， oligometastatic group （metastasis≤5）， and polymetastatic group. In addition， 28 patients with oligometastatic PCa underwent radical prostatectomy and 45 patients underwent androgen-deprivation therapy. We compared the differences in SUVmax， PSA， and Gleason scores between the three sub-groups of untreated patients， and also analyzed the correlation between SUVmax of local cancer lesions， Gleason score and PSA level. We further compared the differences in SUVmax and PSA levels between radical prostatectomy and androgen-deprivation therapy of oligometastatic PCa patients. According to Gleason score， patients with oligometastatic PCa were divided into two groups （low-intermediate risk group with Gleason score ≤7 and high-risk group with Gleason score ≥8）， and the levels of SUVmax and PSA between the groups were compared. 【Results】 With the increasing number of metastases， SUVmax， PSA levels and Gleason scores all showed an upward trend， and there were significant differences among the three groups （P=0.029， P=0.001， P=0.046）. The post-hoc test found significant difference in Gleason score between the oligometastatic group and the other two groups （P=0.043， P=0.002） as well as correlation of SUVmax level of the primary tumor with Gleason score and PSA （P=0.002， r=0.315； P<0.001， r=0.430）. There was significant difference in PSA level between the two groups after radical prostatectomy and androgen-deprivation therapy （P=0.017）. The difference in PSA between the two treatments persisted in the low-intermediate risk groups （P=0.021）. 【Conclusion】 PSA level， Gleason score and SUVmax have some value in predicting PCa metastasis. Radical prostatectomy is an effective treatment strategy for patients with oligometastatic PCa， especially those with low-intermediate Gleason score.