BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Excessive adipogenesis and angiogenesis, mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), contribute to the development of obesity-related complications.Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an organosulfur compound derived from garlic, has been reported to exhibit anti-obesity properties, but studies on the expression of MMPs as an anti-obesity effect of DADS are limited. This study investigated the potential role of DADS in regulating weight gain, adipogenesis, and MMP expression in mice fed a high-fat diet.MATERIALS/METHODS: Six-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were divided into 4 groups:a normal-fat diet (NF), a high-fat diet (HF), a high-fat diet supplemented with 12.5 mg/kg DADS (HFDADS12.5), and a high-fat diet supplemented with 25 mg/kg DADS (HFDADS25) for 14 weeks. This study measured plasma lipid concentrations, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, mRNA expression of transcription factors related to adipocyte differentiation in the liver, and the mRNA expression and concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in epididymal adipose tissue. The plasma concentrations of adiponectin and leptin were also measured. RESULTS: DADS intake significantly reduced the body weight gain and epididymal adipose tissue weight (P < 0.05). The GPDH activity, mRNA expressions of the transcription factors related to adipocyte differentiation, the mRNA expression and concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and plasma leptin concentration were significantly higher in the HF group than in the NF group, but they were significantly lower in the DADS intake groups (P < 0.05).The plasma adiponectin concentrations were lower in the HF group than the NF group, but they were significantly higher in the HFDADS25 group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION DADS suppressed body weight gain and adipogenesis, potentially by inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Background: The discovery and evaluation of reliable biomarkers of vitiligo are important;however, no clinically established serological markers exist for predicting the clinical prognosis of vitiligo. Objective: To investigate the levels of SOX10 and lamin A/C antibodies in the serum of patients diagnosed with vitiligo. Methods: In this multicenter prospective study, blood serum samples were collected from adult vitiligo patients. The levels of SOX10 and lamin A/C antibodies were analyzed by direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody levels between the groups were compared according to disease activity and subtype. Results: A total of 80 patients (46 females; median age 60 years) were enrolled, including 56 (70%) with nonsegmental vitiligo and 27 (33.7%) with active disease. Positivity for SOX10 and lamin A/C antibodies was observed in 35.0% and 71.3% of patients, respectively. SOX10 positivity was significantly higher in active vitiligo than in stable vitiligo (59.3% vs. 24.5%; p=0.003), whereas lamin A/C positivity did not show significant difference (77.8% vs. 69.8%; p=0.60).No significant associations were found between SOX10 or lamin A/C status and the subtype, extent, or the presence of antinuclear antibody, anti-thyroid peroxidase, or anti-thyroglobulin (all p>0.05). Conclusion SOX10 antibody could be a potential marker for assessing disease activity in vitiligo. The increased production of SOX10 antibodies in the serum may be due to the underlying death or turnover of SOX10 containing cells under active autoimmune response.

We updated the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of ovarian cancer as version 5.1. The ovarian cancer guideline team of the KSGO published announced the fifth version (version 5.0) of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of ovarian cancer in December 2023. In version 5.0, the selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on the data available up to December 2022.Therefore, we updated the guidelines version 5.0 with newly accumulated clinical data and added 5 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of ovarian cancer between 2023 and 2024. For each question, recommendation was provided together with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

We updated the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of ovarian cancer as version 5.1. The ovarian cancer guideline team of the KSGO published announced the fifth version (version 5.0) of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of ovarian cancer in December 2023. In version 5.0, the selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on the data available up to December 2022.Therefore, we updated the guidelines version 5.0 with newly accumulated clinical data and added 5 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of ovarian cancer between 2023 and 2024. For each question, recommendation was provided together with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

We updated the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of ovarian cancer as version 5.1. The ovarian cancer guideline team of the KSGO published announced the fifth version (version 5.0) of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of ovarian cancer in December 2023. In version 5.0, the selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on the data available up to December 2022.Therefore, we updated the guidelines version 5.0 with newly accumulated clinical data and added 5 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of ovarian cancer between 2023 and 2024. For each question, recommendation was provided together with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

Objective: We aimed to identify the main oncogenic pathway by histological type of ovarian cancer based on Next-generation sequencing (NGS) test and to determine the correlation with clinical prognosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 420 patients with ovarian cancer who underwent NGS testing at Asan Medical Center from June 1, 2017, to May 31, 2021. Identified mutations were categorized into seven oncogenic pathways that are most frequently associated with ovarian cancer. Results: The average number of oncogenic pathways involved in each cancer patient was 1.76 (range, 0–6). TP53 mutation was the primary oncogenic pathway in patients with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) (92.8%) and carcinosarcoma (87.5%). MAP kinase signaling was the primary oncogenic pathway in low-grade serous carcinoma (58.3%) and mucinous carcinoma (54.5%). The involvement of more diverse oncogenic pathways has been identified in patients with endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma and PI3KAKT-mTOR signaling and SWI/SNF family pathways were the most common in both groups.The involvement of the DNA damage response pathway showed an association with better progression free survival (PFS), but not with overall survival (OS) in patients with HGSC. On the other hand, the involvement of the RTK signaling family pathway showed an association with better OS despite no association with PFS in patients with HGSC. Conclusion The clinical prognosis may be improved by implementing targeted treatment tailored to the patient's genetic profile through NGS. Additional research is needed to determine whether the involvement of the RTK signaling family pathway is indeed associated with better OS and to identify the underlying reasons for this association.

Since the latest practice guidelines for ovarian cancer were developed by the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) in 2021, many studies have examined the efficacy and safety of various treatments for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Therefore, the need to develop recommendations for EOC treatments has been raised. This study searched the literature using 4 key items and the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome: the efficacy and safety of poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors in newly diagnosed advanced EOC; the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal plus intravenous chemotherapy in optimally debulked advanced EOC; the efficacy and safety of secondary cytoreductive surgery in platinumsensitive recurrent ovarian cancer; and the efficacy and safety of the addition of bevacizumab to platinum-based chemotherapy in first platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC patients who received prior bevacizumab. The evidence for these recommendations, according to each key question, was evaluated using a systematic review and meta-analysis. The committee of ovarian cancer of the KSGO developed updated guidelines for treatments of EOC.

Since the latest practice guidelines for ovarian cancer were developed by the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) in 2021, many studies have examined the efficacy and safety of various treatments for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Therefore, the need to develop recommendations for EOC treatments has been raised. This study searched the literature using 4 key items and the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome: the efficacy and safety of poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors in newly diagnosed advanced EOC; the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal plus intravenous chemotherapy in optimally debulked advanced EOC; the efficacy and safety of secondary cytoreductive surgery in platinumsensitive recurrent ovarian cancer; and the efficacy and safety of the addition of bevacizumab to platinum-based chemotherapy in first platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC patients who received prior bevacizumab. The evidence for these recommendations, according to each key question, was evaluated using a systematic review and meta-analysis. The committee of ovarian cancer of the KSGO developed updated guidelines for treatments of EOC.

Background: Sunitinib, commonly used for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), often induces hypothyroidism, affecting 27 to85% of patients. There are clues suggesting an association between sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism and improved survival outcomes. This study aims to identify the predictive factors of sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism and evaluate whether the occurrence of overt or subclinical hypothyroidism predicts tumor outcome in patients with mRCC. Methods: Patients administered to sunitinib for mRCC was included in this retrospective study. Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model were conducted to identify predictive factors of hypothyroidism and prognostic factors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 156 patients with mRCC treated with sunitinib were included. Predictive factors of sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism werefemale (odds ratio (OR), 2.77), sunitinib-induced hypertension (OR, 2.99) and dose reduction of sunitinib due to intolerance (OR, 3.57). Sunitinib-induced overt hypothyroidism was a significant prognostic factor in predicting PFS and OS (hazard ratio, 0.38 and 0.23, respectively). Thyroid hormone replacement did not have an influence on PFS and OS. Conclusions Female patients, patients who experienced sunitinib-induced hypertension and sunitinib dose reduction are at higher risk of hypothyroidism and need close monitoring. Overt hypothyroidism is a strong prognostic factor of sunitinib treatment outcome in mRCC patients and thyroid hor-mone replacement does not have a negative effect on tumor outcome.