Background: Chronic stress is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. This study aimed to assess whether better coping with stress, as assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), is associated with slower cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This study used 2018/2019 data and 2-year follow-up data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Of the 3,014 total participants, we included 1,826 participants (mean age, 77.6±3.7 years, 51.9% female) who completed BRS and Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Battery and the Korean version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Results: Higher BRS score at baseline was associated with a lesser decline in the Mini-Mental State Examination score over 2 years after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and depression (B, 0.175; 95% confidence interval, 0.025–0.325) for 2 years, which represents global cognitive function. Other cognitive function measurements (Word List Memory, Word List Recall, Word List Recognition, Digit Span, Trail Making Test-A, and FAB) did not change significantly with the BRS score at baseline. Conclusion These findings suggest that better stress-coping ability, meaning faster termination of the stress response, may limit the decline in cognitive function.

Background: Lung cancer has a high incidence and mortality worldwide, and smoking, age, sex, and body mass index are known risk factors. Using a health examination cohort, we constructed a comprehensive lung cancer risk-prediction model. Methods: This study comprised 308,804 adults aged 20 years and older who underwent health examinations at one general hospital in Korea, from 2011 to 2018. We developed a lung cancer risk prediction model using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for lung cancer risk factors and estimated the hazard ratios and coefficients. The model evaluation included discrimination and calibration assessments. Results: Among the 308,804 adults in the study cohort, there were 338 (0.11%) patients lung cancer, with 215 males (0.07% of 169,420 males) and 123 females (0.04% of 139,384 females). The prevalence of lung cancer was higher in males and females aged over 60 years. Age, sex, body mass index, and smoking behavior were identified as risk factors for lung cancer prevalence in this model through multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. The C-statistic of the development cohort was 0.785 (0.749, 0.821) and that of the validation cohort was 0.823 (0.769, 0.878). Conclusion Our lung cancer risk prediction model showed statistical significance, similar to previous prediction models, among variables that included young age, female sex, and body mass index. Future improvements should focus on population-wide applicability and associated health examination policies.

Background: The study aim was to investigate the level of restrictions on daily life and concern about economic damage caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and analyze the effects on daily life satisfaction. Methods: 2021 Community Health Survey data of 229,242 individuals were analyzed. Such factors as restrictions on daily life, changes in physical activity and instant food consumption and concern about economic damage were selected as variables for analysis, as they were presumed to impact daily life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The odds ratio for poor daily life satisfaction was 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83–1.94) for those who experienced moderate restrictions and 3.48 (95% CI, 3.31–3.65) for those who experienced severe restrictions, compared to those who had no restrictions in daily life. The group with reduced physical activity had an odds ratio of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.26–1.33) for poor daily life satisfaction compared to the group with no change. The group with increased consumption of instant foods had an odds ratio of 1.23 (95% CI, 1.18–1.28) for poor daily life satisfaction compared to the group without such an increase. Regarding the economic damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the odds ratio for experiencing negative daily life satisfaction was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.10–1.24) for those with moderate concern and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.37–1.50) for those with severe concern, compared to those who were not worried. Conclusion The results of this study could be helpful in planning public health and medical policies for population groups that are relatively vulnerable to decreased daily life satisfaction.

In clinical practice, primary healthcare physicians commonly encounter patients with alcohol-related problems. This review article introduces the concept of an alcohol clinic for treating patients with these issues at primary healthcare clinics.Current Concepts: Alcohol-related problems often give rise to health problems, which prompts primary healthcare physicians to be required to develop screening, treatment, and counseling skills. Primary healthcare clinics should actively screen for alcohol-related problems. Screening involves questions regarding the frequency, quantity, and maximum consumption of alcohol to determine risk levels. For Koreans, moderate alcohol consumption is defined as ≤8 drinks per week (1 drink=14 g of alcohol) for men aged up to 65 years, and ≤4 drinks per week for men over 65 years; consumption for women is set at half of the amount defined for men. Individuals experiencing facial flushing after alcohol consumption are advised to limit their alcohol intake to half the amount consumed by those who do not experience flushing.Discussion and Conclusion: The focus for these patients should be on their environment, particularly when implementing a family-oriented approach. The decision to initiate drug treatment should be based on the symptoms of the patient, with follow-up evaluations performed at appropriate time points. The “FRAMES Motivational Enhancement Interview” and “Insight Enhancement Counseling” are recommended for an effective counseling of patients.

Background: Chronic stress is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. This study aimed to assess whether better coping with stress, as assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), is associated with slower cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This study used 2018/2019 data and 2-year follow-up data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Of the 3,014 total participants, we included 1,826 participants (mean age, 77.6±3.7 years, 51.9% female) who completed BRS and Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Battery and the Korean version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Results: Higher BRS score at baseline was associated with a lesser decline in the Mini-Mental State Examination score over 2 years after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and depression (B, 0.175; 95% confidence interval, 0.025–0.325) for 2 years, which represents global cognitive function. Other cognitive function measurements (Word List Memory, Word List Recall, Word List Recognition, Digit Span, Trail Making Test-A, and FAB) did not change significantly with the BRS score at baseline. Conclusion These findings suggest that better stress-coping ability, meaning faster termination of the stress response, may limit the decline in cognitive function.

Background: Chronic stress is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. This study aimed to assess whether better coping with stress, as assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), is associated with slower cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This study used 2018/2019 data and 2-year follow-up data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Of the 3,014 total participants, we included 1,826 participants (mean age, 77.6±3.7 years, 51.9% female) who completed BRS and Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Battery and the Korean version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Results: Higher BRS score at baseline was associated with a lesser decline in the Mini-Mental State Examination score over 2 years after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and depression (B, 0.175; 95% confidence interval, 0.025–0.325) for 2 years, which represents global cognitive function. Other cognitive function measurements (Word List Memory, Word List Recall, Word List Recognition, Digit Span, Trail Making Test-A, and FAB) did not change significantly with the BRS score at baseline. Conclusion These findings suggest that better stress-coping ability, meaning faster termination of the stress response, may limit the decline in cognitive function.

Background: Lung cancer has a high incidence and mortality worldwide, and smoking, age, sex, and body mass index are known risk factors. Using a health examination cohort, we constructed a comprehensive lung cancer risk-prediction model. Methods: This study comprised 308,804 adults aged 20 years and older who underwent health examinations at one general hospital in Korea, from 2011 to 2018. We developed a lung cancer risk prediction model using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for lung cancer risk factors and estimated the hazard ratios and coefficients. The model evaluation included discrimination and calibration assessments. Results: Among the 308,804 adults in the study cohort, there were 338 (0.11%) patients lung cancer, with 215 males (0.07% of 169,420 males) and 123 females (0.04% of 139,384 females). The prevalence of lung cancer was higher in males and females aged over 60 years. Age, sex, body mass index, and smoking behavior were identified as risk factors for lung cancer prevalence in this model through multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. The C-statistic of the development cohort was 0.785 (0.749, 0.821) and that of the validation cohort was 0.823 (0.769, 0.878). Conclusion Our lung cancer risk prediction model showed statistical significance, similar to previous prediction models, among variables that included young age, female sex, and body mass index. Future improvements should focus on population-wide applicability and associated health examination policies.

Background: The study aim was to investigate the level of restrictions on daily life and concern about economic damage caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and analyze the effects on daily life satisfaction. Methods: 2021 Community Health Survey data of 229,242 individuals were analyzed. Such factors as restrictions on daily life, changes in physical activity and instant food consumption and concern about economic damage were selected as variables for analysis, as they were presumed to impact daily life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The odds ratio for poor daily life satisfaction was 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83–1.94) for those who experienced moderate restrictions and 3.48 (95% CI, 3.31–3.65) for those who experienced severe restrictions, compared to those who had no restrictions in daily life. The group with reduced physical activity had an odds ratio of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.26–1.33) for poor daily life satisfaction compared to the group with no change. The group with increased consumption of instant foods had an odds ratio of 1.23 (95% CI, 1.18–1.28) for poor daily life satisfaction compared to the group without such an increase. Regarding the economic damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the odds ratio for experiencing negative daily life satisfaction was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.10–1.24) for those with moderate concern and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.37–1.50) for those with severe concern, compared to those who were not worried. Conclusion The results of this study could be helpful in planning public health and medical policies for population groups that are relatively vulnerable to decreased daily life satisfaction.

Background: Chronic stress is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. This study aimed to assess whether better coping with stress, as assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), is associated with slower cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This study used 2018/2019 data and 2-year follow-up data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Of the 3,014 total participants, we included 1,826 participants (mean age, 77.6±3.7 years, 51.9% female) who completed BRS and Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Battery and the Korean version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Results: Higher BRS score at baseline was associated with a lesser decline in the Mini-Mental State Examination score over 2 years after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and depression (B, 0.175; 95% confidence interval, 0.025–0.325) for 2 years, which represents global cognitive function. Other cognitive function measurements (Word List Memory, Word List Recall, Word List Recognition, Digit Span, Trail Making Test-A, and FAB) did not change significantly with the BRS score at baseline. Conclusion These findings suggest that better stress-coping ability, meaning faster termination of the stress response, may limit the decline in cognitive function.

Background: Lung cancer has a high incidence and mortality worldwide, and smoking, age, sex, and body mass index are known risk factors. Using a health examination cohort, we constructed a comprehensive lung cancer risk-prediction model. Methods: This study comprised 308,804 adults aged 20 years and older who underwent health examinations at one general hospital in Korea, from 2011 to 2018. We developed a lung cancer risk prediction model using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for lung cancer risk factors and estimated the hazard ratios and coefficients. The model evaluation included discrimination and calibration assessments. Results: Among the 308,804 adults in the study cohort, there were 338 (0.11%) patients lung cancer, with 215 males (0.07% of 169,420 males) and 123 females (0.04% of 139,384 females). The prevalence of lung cancer was higher in males and females aged over 60 years. Age, sex, body mass index, and smoking behavior were identified as risk factors for lung cancer prevalence in this model through multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. The C-statistic of the development cohort was 0.785 (0.749, 0.821) and that of the validation cohort was 0.823 (0.769, 0.878). Conclusion Our lung cancer risk prediction model showed statistical significance, similar to previous prediction models, among variables that included young age, female sex, and body mass index. Future improvements should focus on population-wide applicability and associated health examination policies.