PURPOSE: Chitosan & chitosan derivative(eg. membrane) have been studied in periodontal regeneration, and recently many studies of chitosan have reported good results. If chitosan's effects on periodontal regeneration are enhanced, we can use chitosan in many clinical and experimental fields. For this purpose, this study reviewed available literatures, evaluated comparable experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten in vivo studies reporting chitosan's effects on periodontal tissue regeneration have been selected by use of the 'Pubmed' and hand searching. RESULTS: 1. In Sprague Dawley rat calvarial defect models, amount of newly formed bone in defects showed significant differences between chitosan/chitosan-carrier/chitosan-membrane groups and control groups. 2. In beagle canine 1-wall intrabony defect models, amount of new cementum and new bone showed significant differences between chitosan/chitosan-membrane groups and control groups. The mean values of the above experimental groups were greater than the control groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study have demonstrated that periodontal regeneration procedure using chitosan have beneficial effects, which will be substitute for various periodontal regenerative treatment area. One step forward in manufacturing process of chitosan membrane and in use in combination with other effective materials(eg. bone graft material or carrier) may bring us many chances of common use of chitosan in various periodontal area.
Animals ; Chitosan ; Dental Cementum ; Hand ; Membranes ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste for patients who received periodontal therapy and felt hypersensiptivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After application of toothpaste, patients were evaluated for VAS(Visual Analog scale) scores to a cold stimulate on baseline, 1 week, and 4 weeks. VAS scores were analyzed by statistical methods. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows. 1. VAS scores in control group on baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks were 5.39+/-2.05, 4.75+/-2.00, 4.21+/-1.75. 2. VAS scores in experimental group on baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks were 5.61+/-2.37, 4.81+/-2.46, 4.08+/-2.54. 3. Decrease of VAS scores on hypersensitivity after 1week was 0.64+/-0.49(p<.0001) in control group, 0.80+/-1.65 (p<.0001) in experimental group. 4. Decrease of VAS scores on hypersensitivity after 4weeks was 1.18+/-1.60(p<.0001) in control group, 1.53+/-1.88 (p<.0001) in experimental group. 5. When compared, decrease of VAS scores after 1 week between 2 groups were not statistically different(p=0.2622). 6. When compared, decrease of VAS scores after 4 weeks between 2 groups were not statistically different(p=0.1219). CONCLUSION: It was confirmed that hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste have the similar effect with pre-existing proven dentifrice for relieving teeth hypersensitivity.
Cold Temperature ; Dentifrices ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Tooth ; Toothpastes

Various periodontal barrier membranes used in many clinical and experimental fields, and many recent studies of membranes have reported good results. To improve clinical results, selection of barrier membranes is an important factor. So, we need not only to evaluate various barrier membranes, but also to understand the property of barrier membranes appropriate to defect characteristics. For this purpose, this study reviewed available literature, evaluated comparable experimental models, and compared various barrier membranes. From above mentioned methods, the following conclusions are deduced. 1. In 1-wall periodontal defect models, new bone formation showed a consistent result, almost 30% of the defect size. New cementum formations measured mostly 40% of the defect size, but showed more variations than new bone formations. This seems to be resulted form difference in experimental methods, so standardization in experimental methods is needed for future studies. 2. Application PLGA barrier membrane to periodontal defect demonstrated improved healing in new bone and new cementum. 3. There was a minimal periodontal regeneration with calcium sulfate barrier membrane only. But, there was better healing pattern in combination of calcium sulfate membrane with bone graft material, such as DFDBA. 4. There was no significant difference between the experimental group that used chitosan membrane only and the control group. But, in combination with bone graft material for space maintanence, periodontal regeneration was improved. Overall, Space maintenance is a critical factor for Guided tissue regeneration using barrier membranes. Also, a barrier membrane itself that has difficulty in maintaining space, achieved better result when used with graft material.
Calcium Sulfate ; Chitosan ; Dental Cementum ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Membranes* ; Models, Theoretical ; Osteogenesis ; Regeneration* ; Space Maintenance, Orthodontic ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Developments in micro/macrostructures of implants and surgical techniques brought out stable outcomes of implant dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distributions of implant patients, the types of implanted sites, and the success or survival rates of various implant systems and to analyze the implant placement done at each specificintraoral site and situation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of dental implantations collected between 1992 and 2006 at the Department of Periodontology in 00000 University Hospital were analyzed. RESULTS: 1. Largest part of the patients were at the age of 40s and 50s in bothgender who lost their teeth mostly by periodontaldiseases and caries at the posterior intraoral sites as major ones. Bone densities of type II(mandible) and III(maxilla) were likely to be seen with quantity of type B. Lengths of the implants between 10 and 15 mm and wide platform took the largest part. 2. Survival rates of Implantium(R)(98.8%), Xive(R)(100%) and ITI TE(R)(100%) were high when Frialit-2(R) showed 82%(poor bone density area) or 87.2%(combined with additional therapy). IMZ(R) had lowest cumulative survival(67.5%) and success rate(49.4%) amongst all. 3. Replacement with 2 wide or 3 regular platforms showed no significant differences in survival rate and marginal bone loss atmandibular posterior area. In single restoration of mandibular second molar, 5-year success rate of machined surface Branemark(R)(70.37%) was lower than that of rough surface ITI(R) SLA(100%). 4. Replacement of single tooth in anterior area showed high survival rate of 94.5%. 5. The success rates of Branemark Ti-Unite and ITI SLA at posterior maxilla with poor bone density both showed stable outcomes. 6. 10-year cumulative survival rate of implants with maxillary sinus augmentation by lateral window approach appeared to be 96.60%. Low survival rate(75%) was shown when there were more than two complications combined. Height of grafted bone remained stable above the implant apex. CONCLUSIONS : Rough surfaced implants showed stable outcomes in most of the situation including poor bone density and additional therapy combined.
Bone Density ; Dental Implants* ; Dentistry ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Sinus ; Molar ; Retrospective Studies* ; Survival Rate ; Tooth ; Transplants

Bone morphogenetic proteins have been shown to possess significant osteoinSductive potential, but in order to take advantage of this effect for tissue engineering, carrier systems are essential. Successful carrier systems must enable vascular and cellular invasion, allowing BMP to act as a differentiation factor. The carrier should be reproducible, non-immunogenic, moldable, and space-providing, to define the contours of the resulting bone. The purpose of this study was to review available literature, in comparing various carriers of BMP on rat calvarial defect model. The following conclusions were deduced. 1. Bone regeneration of ACS/BMP, beta-TCP/BMP, FFSS/BMP, FFSS/beta-TCP/BMP, MBCP/BMP group were significantly greater than the control groups. 2. Bone density in the ACS/BMP group was greater than that in beta-TCP, FFSS, FFSS/beta-TCP carrier group. 3. Bone regeneration in FFSS/BMP group was less than in ACS/BMP, beta-TCP/BMP, MBCP/BMP group. However, New bone area of FFSS/beta-TCP/BMP carrier group were more greater than that of FFSS/BMP group. ACS, beta-TCP, FFSS, FFSS/beta-TCP, MBCP were used for carrier of BMP. However, an ideal carrier which was reproducible, non-immunogenic, moldable, and space-providing did not exist. Therefore, further investigation are required in developing a new carrier system.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins* ; Bone Regeneration ; Rats* ; Tissue Engineering

PURPOSE: Various bone graft materials are being used for periodontal tissue regeneration.Th materials are being developed continuously for ideal clinical effects. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the clinical characteristics of each bone graft material through comparing the various bone graft materials statistically and in doing so, proposing a more efficient bone graft material. In this study, the following results were attained through comparing the clinical effects among the bone graft materials, using the statistical method based on the clinical studies published at the department of periodontology of Yonsei hospital. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 6 selected studies of department of Periodontology at Yonsei University Hospital were based on clinical study of bone grafting in intrabony defects. It was compared the clinical parameters among the 6 clinical studies, using the statistical META analysis. RESULT: When comparing the probing depth reduction, there was a relatively great amount of decrease when using the xenograft, Anorganic Bovine Derived Hydroxapatite Bone Matrix/Cell Binding Peptide(ABM/P-15: PepGen P-15(R)) and the autogenous bone and absorbable membrane, d,l-alctide/glycolide copolymer(GC: Biomesh(R)). The allogfrafts showed a relatively low decrease in the probing depth and clinical attachment change. It also showed a slight decrease in the bone probing depth. The allografts showed various results according to different bone graft materials. When comparing the ABM/P-15 and bovine bone powder(BBP(R)), ABM/P-15 showed a relatively high clinical attachment level and the bovine bone powder showed a relatively high clinical attachment level. The probing depth change and gingival recession change showed a lower value than the mean value between the two bone graft materials. The synthetic bone showed a relatively high decrease in clinical attachment level and periodontal probing depth change. There was a relatively larger amount of gingival recession when using Bioactive Glass(BG) but a relatively low bone regeneration effect was seen. CONCLUSION: Good restorative results of the periodontal tissue can be attained by applying the various bone graft materials being used today after identifying the accurate clinical effects.
Allografts ; Alveolar Bone Loss ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Transplantation ; Gingival Recession ; Heterografts ; Membranes ; Transplants*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate 6 years cumulative survival rate (CSR, %) of mandibular posterior single tooth implants replaced with Branemark TiUnite(R) implant system. The findings from this study were as followed ; 1. The 112 (111 persons) single implants that were placed in the mandibular posterior region were successful except 4 cases and showed 96.42% CSR. 2. The 55 (55 persons) single implants that were placed in the mandibular first molar region were successful except 2 cases and showed 96.36% survival rate. And, among the 57 (56 persons) single implants replacing the mandibular second molar, 2 failed showing 96.49% survival rate. There was no significant statistical difference. 3. Among the total 112 implants, 5.0mm wide diameter implants were placed in 96 cases(85.7%) showing 96.9% survival rate. 4.0mm standard diameter implants were placed in 16 cases showing 93.8% survival rate. There was no significant statistical difference. 4. Long implants above 10.0mm length were placed 103 cases(91.0%) and showed 96.1% survival rate. Short implants within 8.5mm length were placed 9 cases and showed 100% survival rate. There was no significant statistical difference. 5. 37 implants placed in typeI,II bone quality were showed higher survival rate(100%) than that of 52 implants placed in typeIII, IV bone quality(92.3%). But, there was no significant statistical difference. In conclusion, Branemark TiUnite(R) implant showed successful results when replacing manbibular single molar.
Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Molar ; Retrospective Studies* ; Survival Rate ; Tooth*

Between 1997 May and 2007 May, One hundred and seventeen patients were treated. There were 129 cases of sinus elevation using a lateral window opening procedure and 258 implants placed simultaneously or delayed. The cumulative survival rate of the implants calculated. The implants were evaluated according to surgical site, quality and quantity of bone, graft material, membrane used, the length and diameter of the implant and complications. 1. The 10-year cumulative survival rate of the implants by sinus augmentation using lateral window approach was 96.90%. 2. There was no difference in the survival rate between the implant placed simultaneously with sinus elevation (one stage) and the procedure performed in the delayed procedure (two stage). 3. There was no difference in the survival rate according to the type and amount of graft materials. 4. There was no difference in the survival rate according to the implant site, bone quality and quantity. 5. There was no difference in the survival rate when the CollaTape(R) or Gore-Tex was placed in the window of the lateral wall. 6. There was no difference in the survival rate of the implant length and diameter. 7. The survival rate was as low as 75.00% when there were more than two complications. Implant placement with sinus augmentation using the lateral window approach is a predictable treatment method. Although the vertical height of residual ridge is insufficient and the quality of bone is poor, the normal survival rate of the implants would be expected if an appropriate graft material and membrane is used with greater effort to prevent complications.
Humans ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Membranes ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Retrospective Studies* ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

This study is an analysis of types of patients and distribution of implant site and survival rate of Xive(R) implant. The following results on patient type, implant distribution and survival rate were compiled from 324 implant cases of 140 patients treated at the periodontal dept. of Yonsei University Hospital and G dental clinic between February 2003 and April 2006. 1. There are no dissimilarities between men and women, with patients in their 30, 40, 50s accounting for 80% of patients and accounted for 82% of implant treatments; the largest share of patients and implant treatments. 2. Mn. posterior area accounted for 57% of implant treatments followed by Mx. posterior area(29%), Mx. anterior area(8%) and Mn. anterior area(6%). 3. Partial edentulous patients treated by single crown and bridge-type prosthesis accounted for 96% and fully edentulous patient accounted for the remaining 4%. 4. The major cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease, followed by dental caries, trauma and congenital missing. 5. The distribution of bone quality for maxillae was 54.2% for typeIII, followed by 30.8% for type II, 15% for typeIV and 0% for typeI. As for mandible, the distribution was 63% for typeII, followed by 34% for typeIII, 2.5% for typeI and 0.5% for typeIV. 6. The distribution of bone quantity for maxillae was 55% for type C, followed by 35% for type B, 8% for type D and 2% for type A. As for mandible, the distribution was 60% for type B, followed by 32% for type C, 7% for type A and 0% for type D. 7. The majority of implants were those of 9.5-13 mm in length(95%) and regular diameter in width(82%). 8. The total survival rate was 98%. The survival rate was 97% in the maxillae region and 99% in the mandible region. 9. The survival rate in typeI was 83%, in typeII was 99%, in typeIII was 97% and in typeIV was 100%. As for the bone quantity, the survival rate in type A and D(100%) was most, followed by type B(99%) and type C(96%). The results showed that Xive(R) implant could be used satisfactorily compare for the other implant system. But we most to approach carefully in certain extreme condition especially with poor bone quality and quantity.
Crowns ; Dental Caries ; Dental Clinics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Periodontal Diseases ; Prostheses and Implants ; Retrospective Studies* ; Survival Rate* ; Tooth Loss

The ultimate goal of periodontal treatment is to regenerate the lost periodontal apparatus. Many studies were performed in developing an ideal bone substitute. Anorganic bovine-derived xenograft is one of the bone substitues, which were studied and have been shown successful for decades. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect anorganic bovine-derived xenograft. Total of 20 patients, with 10 patients receiving only modified widman flap, and the other 10 receiving anorganic bovine-derived xenograft and flap surgery, were included in the study. Clinical parameters were recorded before surgery and after 6 months. The results are as follows: 1. The test group treated with anorganic bovine-derived xenograft showed reduction in periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level with statistically significance(p<0.001) after 6 months. The control group treated with only modified Widman flap showed reduction only in periodontal pocket depth with statistically significance(p<0.001) after 6 months. 2. Although periodontal probing depth change during 6 months did not show any significant differences between the test group and the control group, clinical attachment level gain and recession change showed significant differences between the two groups(p<0.05). On the basis of these results, anorganic bovine-derived xenograft improves probing depth and clinical attachment level in periodontal intrabony defects. Anorganic bovine-derived xenograft could be a predictable bone substitute in clinical use.
Bone Substitutes ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Periodontal Pocket