Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal clustering trend of scarlet fever in Nantong from 2009 to 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for scarlet fever prevention and control. Methods The incidence data of scarlet fever in Nantong from 2009 to 2023 were analyzed. Descriptive analysis, seasonal index method and Joinpoint 5.2.0 software were used to analyze epidemiological characteristics. Spatial-temporal clustering was assessed with SaTScan 10.2.5 software. Results The average annual incidence of scarlet fever in Nantong from 2009 to 2023 was 6.54/100 000. The overall morbidity rate of scarlet fever in Nantong had an increasing trend from 2009 to 2019 with an average annual percentage change of 14.55% (t=3.36，P<0.05). The cases mainly occurred during late spring to early summer and late autumn to early winter. Students, preschool children and scattered children were the main scarlet fever population. The average annual incidence of males was significantly higher than that of females (χ²=7.00, P<0.05). Rugao City, Chongchuan District and Tongzhou District were identified as high-incidence areas, accounting for 76.51% of all reported cases. Spatial-temporal scan analysis indicated that Rugao City and Chongchuan District were primary cluster areas, spanning from 2015 to 2021 (RR=3.77, LLR=1 308.07, P<0.05). Conclusion The number of reported cases of scarlet fever in Nantong City from 2009 to 2023 shows epidemic and spatial clustering, mainly concentrated in the central urban area and adjacent counties (cities). It is necessary to strengthen health education and disease surveillance in high-incidence areas, as well as in key institutions and key populations before epidemic peaks.

Pregabalin, a structural analog of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), has been widely prescribed since its approval in 2004 for treating various neuropathic pain conditions. In Western countries, it is also approved for managing anxiety disorders. However, concerns about its potential for abuse and dependence have led to its reclassification as a second-line treatment in recent years. Although pregabalin addiction has been reported in international studies, there have been no such reports within China. This article presents a case of addiction stemming from pregabalin abuse to manage anxiety symptoms. The patient experienced withdrawal symptoms after discontinuing the drug, which were successfully treated. The development of pregabalin addiction, withdrawal symptoms, and the OD(overdose) pattern of drug abuse in this case should draw the attention of clinicians in China.

Pregabalin, a structural analog of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), has been widely prescribed since its approval in 2004 for treating various neuropathic pain conditions. In Western countries, it is also approved for managing anxiety disorders. However, concerns about its potential for abuse and dependence have led to its reclassification as a second-line treatment in recent years. Although pregabalin addiction has been reported in international studies, there have been no such reports within China. This article presents a case of addiction stemming from pregabalin abuse to manage anxiety symptoms. The patient experienced withdrawal symptoms after discontinuing the drug, which were successfully treated. The development of pregabalin addiction, withdrawal symptoms, and the OD(overdose) pattern of drug abuse in this case should draw the attention of clinicians in China.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Nantong city, explore its changing trend, and provide evidence for effective prevention and control measures. Methods The incidence data of influenza in Nantong city from 2010 to 2022 were collected and analyzed by descriptive statistical software. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of influenza incidence. Results The annual reported incidence of influenza in Nantong city showed an exponential upward trend from 2010 to 2022 (APC=25.25, P=0.002). The annual reported incidence rate of males was higher than that of females, and the incidence trend of both showed an exponential upward trend(Male: APC=24.40, P=0.002; Female: APC=26.11, P=0.002). The seasonal index showed a unimodal distribution, with a peak from December to February of the next year, and the highest value was 2.78 in January. The average annual reported incidence in each age group showed a rapid upward trend from 0 to 7 years old (β₁=16.13, P<0.001), a cliff decline from 7 to10 years old (β₁=-44.50, P=0.037), and a low slow downward trend from 10 to 45 years old (β₁=-0.20, P=0.001), and lower tailing was observed in 45-85 years group (β₁=0.04, P=0.162). Conclusion The overall incidence rate of influenza in Nantong City is on the rise. Children under 7 years old are the key protected population. We should control the key season, do a good job of publicity and education, encourage vaccination,and at the same time do a good job in pathogen monitoring, timely pay attention to the situation of epidemic strains, and scientific prevention and control.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for biliary stricture within two years after orthotopic liver transplantation,and analyze the survival.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 495 patients who underwent liver transplantation at Liver Transplantation Center of The First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2014 to January 2022,and according to the presence or absence of biliary stricture within two years after liver transplantation,the 495 patients were divided into stricture group with 89 patients and non-stricture group with 406 patients.The risk factors for biliary stricture and prognosis were analyzed.The independent-samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups;the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for the analysis of risk factors,and the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.Results Recipient sex(hazard ratio[HR]=1.808,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.055-3.098,P=0.031),preoperative total bilirubin of the recipient(HR=1.002,95%CI:1.001-1.003,P=0.001),cold ischemia time(HR=1.003,95%CI:1.001-1.005,P=0.007),history of abdominal surgery for the recipient(HR=3.851,95%CI:2.273-6.524,P<0.001),and mismatch of donor-recipient bile ducts(HR=1.962,95%CI:1.041-3.698,P=0.037)were identified as independent risk factors for biliary stricture within two years after transplantation.The median follow-up time was 4.09 years,and the 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates were 92.7%,80.5%,and 75.4%,respectively,after liver transplantation.The onset of biliary stricture within two years after liver transplantation had no significant impact on the survival of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation.Conclusion Recipient sex,preoperative total bilirubin of the recipient,cold ischemia time,history of abdominal surgery for the recipient,and mismatch of donor-recipient bile ducts are independent risk factors for biliary stricture within two years after transplantation.The onset of biliary stricture within two years after transplantation does not affect the survival time of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation.

Objective To systematically review the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation(IRE)combined with immunotherapy in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.Methods This study was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline,with a PROSPERO registration unmber of CRD42024531984.Datebases including PubMed,Embase the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang Data,and VIP were searched for related articles on IRE combined with immunotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer published up to February 2024.The articles were screened and related data were extracted according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the quality of the articles was assessed.Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 17.0 software were used to perform the meta-analysis.Results Six studies were finally included,with three prospective studies,two retrospective studies,and one randomized controlled trial.There were 376 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer in total,among whom there were 222 patients in the IRE group and 154 patients in the IRE+immunotherapy group.The meta-analysis showed that compared with IRE alone,IRE combined with immunotherapy significantly prolonged progression-free survival(hazard ratio[HR]=0.82,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.72-0.92,P=0.001)and overall survival(HR=0.86,95%CI:0.80-0.93,P=0.000 1),increased T lymphocyte count in the patients(mean difference=217.93,95%CI:192.87-242.99,P<0.000 01),and improved the immune function of patients.However,there were no significant differences between the two groups in reducing the incidence rate of adverse events(odds ratio[OR]=1.43,95%CI:0.76-2.72,P=0.27)and improving the objective remission rate of patients(OR=1.49,95%CI:0.87-2.56,P=0.15).Conclusion IRE combined with immunotherapy is safe and effective in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer and can significantly improve overall survival and progression-free survival and enhance immune function,with little effect on objective remission rate and the incidence rate of adverse events.

Objective A serum proteomic approach was used to explore the targets of action of Peitu Qingxin Granules(composed of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,Forsythiae Fructus,Imperatae Rhizoma,Pseudostellariae Radix,etc.)in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.Methods Five patients with atopic dermatitis were selected and treated with Peitu Qingxin Granules for 12 weeks,and five healthy volunteers were used as controls.The clinical core evaluation indexes of atopic dermatitis patients after treatment,including Eczema Area and Severity Index/Scoring Atopic Dermatitis(EASI/SCORAD),Pruritus Score,Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure(POEM),and quality of life index,were assessed.Serum samples were examined using data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry(DIA-MS)technology,and serum differential proteins between atopic dermatitis patients and healthy people,as well as serum differential proteins in atopic dermatitis patients before and after treatment with Peitu Qingxin Granules were screened according to P＜0.05 and Fold Change>1.2.GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the differential proteins.Results(1)Compared with the pre-treatment period,the clinical core evaluation indexes of patients with atopic dermatitis,including the EASI/SCORAD,Pruritus Score,POEM,and quality-of-life index,were significantly improved after treatment,and the differences were all statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).(2)A total of 28 differential proteins were analyzed in the healthy control group and atopic dermatitis group,of which 12 proteins expressions were increased and 16 proteins were decreased,including ALAD(δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase),LTA4H(leukotriene A-4 hydrolase),CA1(carbonic anhydrase 1),F11(coagulation factor XI),and LCP1(lymphocyte cytoplasmic protein 1),etc..The main signaling pathways involved are PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,lipids and atherosclerosis,ECM-receptor interaction,platelet activation,NF-κB signaling pathway,and neutrophil extracellular trap formation.(3)A total of 12 different proteins were analyzed in atopic dermatitis patients before and after treatment with Peitu Qingxin Granules,of which 8 proteins were increased and 4 proteins were decreased,including ALAD,FGA(fibrinogen α-chain),IGHV3-64D,and IGHV3-38.They were mainly involved in signaling pathways such as lipids and atherosclerosis,complement pathway,Staphylococcus aureus infection,NF-κB signaling pathway,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis.(4)The expressions of three protein targets including ALAD,FGA and IGHV3-64D,were significantly down-regulated in patients with atopic dermatitis and significantly up-regulated after treatment with Peitu Qingxin Granules.Conclusion The differentially expressed proteins ALAD,FGA and IGHV3-64D may be the action targets of Peitu Qingxin Granules in the treatment of atopic dermatitis,which lays the foundation for further experimental validation.

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.

Objective:To investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of neuropilin and tolloid-like 2 (NETO2) on proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis in gallbladder cancer (GBC).Methods:The NETO2 mRNA and protein expression in GBC-SD, ZJU-0430, NOZ GBC cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. NETO2 overexpression and knockdown stable cell lines were constructed by plasmid transfection. Cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry and WB assay were performed to evaluate proliferation, migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and changes of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway.Results:GBC-SD and ZJU-0430 cells with NETO2 gene overexpression and NOZ cells with NETO2 gene knockdown were effectively constructed. NETO2 overexpression in gallbladder cancer cell lines significantly improved cell proliferation and migration, advanced cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase, and inhibited cell apoptosis. In the ZJU-0430 and GBC-SD cells, the clone number increased from (78.5±9.2), (217.0±6.4) to (213.5±10.3), (296.3±9.3)( t=10.98, 6.51; P=0.008, 0.023); The number of migrating cells increased from (198.6±8.4), (233.3±11.0) to (382.7±12.4), (379.0±7.3) ( t=16.98, 16.85, both P<0.001); The total apoptosis rate reduced from (29.7±0.9)%, (35.6±1.1)% to (19.2±0.5)%, (29.1±0.4)% ( t=9.74, 9.05; both P<0.001); The expression of EMT related proteins such as N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, and Slug were upregulated, while E-cadherin expression was downregulated. Phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K) and Akt (p-Akt) protein expression were significantly increased (all P<0.05). In contrast, NETO2 knockdown had the opposite effect on all these parameters. Conclusion:NETO2 influences the EMT process by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus promotes GBC cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression, and inhibits cancer cell apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of autophagy related gene Atg101 on white adipocyte senescence.Methods:An Atg101 knockdown model of 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes was constructed to probe the effect of Atg101 on autophagy-related proteins LC3 and p62 protein. The RNA-seq database of human subcutaneous adipose tissue was constructed and analyzed, and the co-expressed gene set was predicted based on the pearson correlation coefficient( R2>0.4, P<0.05) between FPKM values of Atg101 and other gene, followed by KEGG and Reactome enrichment analysis. Young mouse(8 weeks old) and old mouse(18 months old) models were established, and the expression levels of Atg101 in inguinal white adipose tissue and epididymal white adipose tissue were detected by quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR) and Western blot. Furthermore, the differences in white adipocyte senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP), cell cycle and mitochondrial homeostasis-related genes were detected by RNA-seq, Western blot, and RT-qPCR to analyze the effects of Atg101 silencing on adipocyte senescence. Results:The autophagy-related protein LC3-Ⅱ expression was significantly decreased and p62 protein was induced after Atg101 was knockdowned in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting impaired cell autophagy. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that Atg101 co-expressed gene set was mainly enriched in autophagy and senescence-related pathways; Reactome enrichment analysis revealed that this gene set was associated with multiple cell cycle signaling pathways. RT-qPCR and Western blot confirmed that both mRNA and protein levels of Atg101 were down-regulated in inguinal white adipose tissue of aging mice, and protein levels in epididymal white adipose tissue were also significantly reduced. Finally, it was further confirmed that SASP-related genes were induced after Atg101 knockdown in white adipocytes, and cell cycle-specific gene expression was restricted and cytokine-dependent protein kinase inhibitors p16 and p21 expressions were significantly increased, while mitochondrial homeostasis regulatory genes were also suppressed.Conclusions:Knockdown of Atg101 may regulate white adipocyte senescence by inhibiting autophagic activity, presenting impaired mitochondrial homeostasis.