Chronic prostatitis,a common condition in andrology,is clinically characterized by a prolonged course,resistance to treatment,and frequent recurrence.In traditional Chinese medicine,it is classified under the categories of"turbid sperm,""overstrain strangury,"and"vaginal pain."Based on the"host-guest interaction-collateral disease"theory,we believe that healthy qi deficiency,latent pathogenic factors,and collateral obstruction are the primary pathological factors of this disease,which run through the entire process of chronic prostatitis occurrence and development.Accordingly,we propose that obstruction of collaterals and apathesia of the semen chamber are the core pathogenesis.The disease progression can be divided into three pathological stages:"deficiency,depression,and blood stasis."Spleen and kidney deficiency and malnutrition of collaterals form the pathological foundation.In the deficiency stage,treatment strategies involve reinforcing qi and nourishing the collaterals,using Fuzheng Yangrong Decoction.During disease progression,dampness and heat invasion,as well as collateral stagnation qi,are key contributors to disease progression.Thus,treatment focuses on clearing heat and dampness,promoting qi flow,and smoothing the collaterals,achieved with a modified Qiantongding Decoction.In the final stage,blood stasis and collateral obstruction dominate,warranting therapeutic strategies aimed at tonifying and removing blood stasis,addressing both the body and the collaterals simultaneously using the modified Guiling Huayu Decoction.Overall,the clinical treatment generally focuses on the concept of function through free flow,combination of unblocking and tonifying.This study provides a novel perspective and reference for clinical differentiation and treatment of chronic prostatitis.

Objective·To investigate the application effects and benefits of full-neuroendoscopic technique in the surgical treatment of posterior cranial fossa lesions.Methods·A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 105 patients with posterior cranial fossa lesions who underwent surgery using full-neuroendoscopic techniques at the Department of Neurosurgery,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,between January 2021 and December 2023.The data included patients'gender,age,lesion locations,nature of lesions,surgical procedures,and postoperative recovery.Follow-up with contrast-enhanced MRI was performed one month postoperatively,with subsequent follow-ups every three months on average,depending on the nature of the lesions.Results·Among the 105 patients,there were 45 males with an average age of(56±17)years and 60 females with an average age of(62±12)years.Lesions were predominantly located in the cerebellopontine angle area(78 cases),with others in the petrous bone area(7 cases),cerebellum(10 cases),and brainstem(10 cases).The nature of lesions included vestibular schwannoma(11 cases),meningioma(7 cases),glioma(7 cases),brain metastases(7 cases),hemangioblastoma(6 cases),cyst(1 case),and neuropathic conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia(43 cases),hemifacial spasm(22 cases),and glossopharyngeal neuralgia(1 case).All patients successfully underwent resection or biopsy of their lesions or microvascular decompression under full-neuroendoscopy.The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 3 years.Enhanced MRI confirmed complete resection in 34 tumor cases(87.2％),near-total resection in 3 cases(7.7％),and biopsy in 2 cases(5.1％).Three deaths occurred during follow-up.Among the patients with vascular neuropathic diseases,two with trigeminal neuralgia experienced incomplete pain relief postoperatively.The resolution rates for hemifacial spasm and glossopharyngeal neuralgia were 100％.Postoperative complications occurred in 3 cases,with 2 cases of hydrocephalus that were managed with ventriculoperitoneal shunting,and 1 case of poor wound healing.Conclusion·Full-neuroendoscopic technique demonstrates potential in the surgical treatment of posterior cranial fossa lesions.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality from 2002 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for formulating lung cancer prevention and control measures. Methods: Data of lung cancer incidence and mortality among residents in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019 were collected through the Shanghai Cancer Registration and Reporting Management System. The crude incidence and mortality of lung cancer was calculated, and standardized by the data from the Chinese Fifth National Population Census in 2000 (Chinese-standardized rate) and the Segi's world standard population in 1960 (world-standardized rate). The trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer among residents by age and gender were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 12 965 cases of lung cancer were reported in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019, and the crude incidence rate was 80.66/105, the Chinese-standardized incidence rate was 34.54/105, and the world-standardized incidence rate was 31.30/105, all showing upward trends (APC=4.588%, 2.933% and 3.247%, all P<0.05). A total of 10 102 deaths of lung cancer were reported, and the crude mortality rate was 62.30/105, showing an upward trend (APC=0.959%, P<0.05); the Chinese-standardized mortality was 25.93/105, and the world-standardized mortality was 22.05/105, both showing downward trends (APC=-1.282% and -1.263%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (101.39/105 vs. 60.52/105, 85.45/105 vs. 39.87/105, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer showed upward trends with age (both P<0.05), reaching their peaks in the age groups of 80-<85 years (341.37/105) and 85 years or above (355.97/105), respectively. Conclusions The incidence of lung cancer showed an upward trend, while the mortality showed a downward trend in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019. Elderly men were the high-risk group for lung cancer incidence and mortality.

Objective·To investigate the application effects and benefits of full-neuroendoscopic technique in the surgical treatment of posterior cranial fossa lesions.Methods·A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 105 patients with posterior cranial fossa lesions who underwent surgery using full-neuroendoscopic techniques at the Department of Neurosurgery,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,between January 2021 and December 2023.The data included patients'gender,age,lesion locations,nature of lesions,surgical procedures,and postoperative recovery.Follow-up with contrast-enhanced MRI was performed one month postoperatively,with subsequent follow-ups every three months on average,depending on the nature of the lesions.Results·Among the 105 patients,there were 45 males with an average age of(56±17)years and 60 females with an average age of(62±12)years.Lesions were predominantly located in the cerebellopontine angle area(78 cases),with others in the petrous bone area(7 cases),cerebellum(10 cases),and brainstem(10 cases).The nature of lesions included vestibular schwannoma(11 cases),meningioma(7 cases),glioma(7 cases),brain metastases(7 cases),hemangioblastoma(6 cases),cyst(1 case),and neuropathic conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia(43 cases),hemifacial spasm(22 cases),and glossopharyngeal neuralgia(1 case).All patients successfully underwent resection or biopsy of their lesions or microvascular decompression under full-neuroendoscopy.The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 3 years.Enhanced MRI confirmed complete resection in 34 tumor cases(87.2％),near-total resection in 3 cases(7.7％),and biopsy in 2 cases(5.1％).Three deaths occurred during follow-up.Among the patients with vascular neuropathic diseases,two with trigeminal neuralgia experienced incomplete pain relief postoperatively.The resolution rates for hemifacial spasm and glossopharyngeal neuralgia were 100％.Postoperative complications occurred in 3 cases,with 2 cases of hydrocephalus that were managed with ventriculoperitoneal shunting,and 1 case of poor wound healing.Conclusion·Full-neuroendoscopic technique demonstrates potential in the surgical treatment of posterior cranial fossa lesions.

Premature ejaculation refers to a sexual dysfunction in which men experience a short intravaginal ejaculation latency and a lack of control over ejaculation during sexual activity. The onset of this condition is often accompanied by anxiety and depression, which can seriously affect the quality of the patient′s sexual life and the relationship between partners. Based on the "integration of body and spirit" theory in traditional Chinese medicine, our team believes that this condition is a comorbidity of physical and spiritual factors. We propose that the core pathogenesis of this disease lies in the "loss of form and essence, impairment of spirit, and depression of the mind, "while the primary treatment principle involves "nourishing form and regulating spirit." As a result, a new diagnosis and treatment approach of "four-dimensional integration" is summarized in this study. The disease is treated through the four dimensions of shape, body, spirit, and emotion. Traditional Chinese medicine is used to adjust the shape in cases where the physical form is damaged. For individuals with depression of heart and liver qi, the treatment focuses on soothing the heart and smoothing liver qi, and the modified Wangyou Powder and Xuanzhi Decoction is used. In cases where the heart and kidney function are compromised, the treatment involves nourishing both the heart and kidney while restoring interaction between the heart and the kidney, and modified Jihuo Yansi Elixir is used. To reduce the sensitivity of the glans penis, the patient′s body is washed with a traditional Chinese medicine formula, and a delicate fumigation formula is decocted for external washing. For those who are not in tune with their god, psychological counseling can be used to regulate their spirit and advocate "self-partner" and psychotherapy. If there are issues with intimacy, partners should focus on cooperating during foreplay, sexual intercourse, and post-coital interactions. Overall, the treatment aims to harmonize the body and spirit, addressing both physical and psychological factors through a comprehensive, multi-dimensional approach. This method provides new perspectives and ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Chronic prostatitis,a common condition in andrology,is clinically characterized by a prolonged course,resistance to treatment,and frequent recurrence.In traditional Chinese medicine,it is classified under the categories of"turbid sperm,""overstrain strangury,"and"vaginal pain."Based on the"host-guest interaction-collateral disease"theory,we believe that healthy qi deficiency,latent pathogenic factors,and collateral obstruction are the primary pathological factors of this disease,which run through the entire process of chronic prostatitis occurrence and development.Accordingly,we propose that obstruction of collaterals and apathesia of the semen chamber are the core pathogenesis.The disease progression can be divided into three pathological stages:"deficiency,depression,and blood stasis."Spleen and kidney deficiency and malnutrition of collaterals form the pathological foundation.In the deficiency stage,treatment strategies involve reinforcing qi and nourishing the collaterals,using Fuzheng Yangrong Decoction.During disease progression,dampness and heat invasion,as well as collateral stagnation qi,are key contributors to disease progression.Thus,treatment focuses on clearing heat and dampness,promoting qi flow,and smoothing the collaterals,achieved with a modified Qiantongding Decoction.In the final stage,blood stasis and collateral obstruction dominate,warranting therapeutic strategies aimed at tonifying and removing blood stasis,addressing both the body and the collaterals simultaneously using the modified Guiling Huayu Decoction.Overall,the clinical treatment generally focuses on the concept of function through free flow,combination of unblocking and tonifying.This study provides a novel perspective and reference for clinical differentiation and treatment of chronic prostatitis.

Objective To investigate the composition of symptom clusters in early postoperative breast cancer patients and analyze the sentinel symptoms of each cluster of symptoms. Methods A total of 309 patients who underwent mastectomy were conveniently sampled and surveyed using the Chinese version of the Anderson Symptom Inventory. Principal component analysis and varimax orthogonal rotation were employed to analyze the symptom clusters, and their associations were analyzed using the Apriori algorithm model to identify the sentinel symptoms of each cluster of symptoms. Results Three symptom clusters were identified in early postoperative breast cancer patients: neuro-sleep symptom cluster [fatigue (weakness)-distress-pain-sleepiness-restless sleep], sensory-perception symptom cluster (numbness-forgetfulness-shortness of breath-sadness-dry mouth), and digestive system symptom cluster (nausea-vomiting-loss of appetite). Fatigue was the sentinel symptom of the neuro-sleep symptom cluster, numbness was the sentinel symptom of the sensory-perception symptom cluster, and nausea was the sentinel symptom of the digestive system symptom cluster. Conclusion Early postoperative breast cancer patients experience multiple symptom clusters, with sentinel symptoms existing in each cluster. Healthcare staff should develop intervention measures based on sentinel symptoms to improve the efficiency of symptom management and reduce the degree of symptom distress for patients.

AIM:To compare the recovery of psy-chomotor function after intravenous anesthesia with remazolam or propofol compound alfentanil in patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal en-doscopy.METHODS:78 patients undergoing pain-less gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly di-vided into group RA and group PA.Remiazolam or propofol combined with alfentanil were given intra-venously in group RA or group PA.The blood pres-sure,heart rate,respiratory rate and saturation of puls oxygen were recorded before procdure(T1),during checking(T2),awaking from anaesthesia(T3)and at discharging from PACU(T4).Psychomo-tor function,as measured by the Trieger's dot test(TDT)and digit symbol substitution test(DSST),were evaluated before anesthesia(T1),at discharg-ing from PACU(T4),1 h(T5)and 2 h(T6)after checking.RESULTS:From assessment of the TDT,number of dots missed(NDM),maximum distance of dots missed(MDDM)and average distance of dots missed(ADDM)at T4,T5 were significantly lower than those at T1 in two groups.The comple-tion rates and accuracy rates of DSST at T4,T5 were significantly lower than those at T1.Results of TDT and DSST at T6 were not significantly differ-ent to those at T1.The results of NDT,MDDM and ADDM at T4,T5 in group RA were significantly low-er than those in group PA.The completion rates and accuracy rates of DSST at T4,T5 in group RA increased significantly compared with group PA.Compared to group PA,the incidence of hypoten-sion was significantly lower in group RA.There was no significant difference in the incidence of respira-tory depression between the two groups.CONCLU-SION:Psychomotor function was fully recovered 2 h after surgery when remazolam compound alfent-anil was used for painless gastrointestinal endosco-py.Compared with propofol,psychomotor function recovery in the remazolam group was faster and there were fewer adverse effects after surgery in group RA.

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.

Objective Calculus Bovis(CB)is a kind of valuable traditional Chinese medicine,which has been used in clinic for a long time.It has been shown to have significant anti-stroke,anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.But its mechanism for treating Prostate cancer(PCa)remains unclear.The purpose of this study was to explore the target and mechanism of its action in the treatment of prostate cancer throμgh network pharmacology and in vitro and in vivo experiments.Methods The effective compounds of Calculus Bovis were collected by TCM pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP).Search for potential compound targets in TCMSP.Search the Drμgbank,GeneCards,OMIM,PharmGkb,and TTD databases for disease targets associated with prost cancer.Disease and compound targets were integrated in the STRING database to construct their interaction network(PPI)to reveal the key targets of compound treatment for prostate cancer.In order to elucidate the mechanism of Calculus Bovis in the treatment of prostate cancer,GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using Cytoscape software.The mechanism of treating prostate cancer with Calculus Bovis was studied in vitro and in vivo.Results A total of 11 compounds with anti-prostate cancer activity were identified.Oleanolic acid,ursolic acid,ergosterol,deoxycorticosterone,methylcholine and cholverdin were potential effective components.A total of 367 targets of Calculus Bovis compounds and 2152 targets of prostate cancer were found.The core targets of Calculus Bovis in the treatment of prostate cancer included TP53,STAT3,AKT1,HSP90AA1,ESR1,SRC,JUN,RELA,CCND1,CDKN1A,EGFR,AR,etc.The biological functions of Calculus Bovis mainly involve oxidative stress response,response to steroid hormones,cell response to chemical stress,peptide-serine modification and phosphorylation,and protein serine/threonine kinase activity.Calculus Bovis treatment of prostate cancer mainly involves PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,etc.In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Calculus Bovis promoted apoptosis of PC3 cells of prostate cancer by inhibiting PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.Conclusion Calculus Bovis has a therapeutic effect on prostate cancer,and its function is related to inhibiting PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and promoting apoptosis of cancer cells.