Lung cancer constitutes the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumor in China. Approximately 85% of lung cancer diagnoses correspond to the non-small cell histological subtype [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)]. Despite surgery being the mainstay for early-stage disease, postoperative recurrence remains high and adjuvant chemotherapy offers limited benefit. In recent years, targeted therapy has demonstrated substantial advantages in driver mutation-positive NSCLC. To this end, the Lung Cancer Medical Education Committee of the Chinese Medical Education Association developed guidelines based on a systematic review of evidence through November 2025, using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach and a modified Delphi method. Focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and addressing ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E mutation, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) exon 14 (METex14) skipping, the guideline covers molecular testing, neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, perioperative strategies, minimal residual disease monitoring, and postoperative surveillance. It defines testing requirements, specifies stage-directed and subtype-specific treatments, and standardizes minimal residual disease monitoring. These recommendations emphasize precision and feasibility to improve survival and quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI)personality traits,empathy ability,and emotion regulation among medical students,and to advocate for medical students to conduct in-depth self-analysis using MBTI,and to enhance their empathy ability in a targeted manner,thereby more effectively building harmonious doctor-patient relationships.Methods:A total of 664 medical students were investigated using the MBTI,the Chinese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ),and the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI).The mediation analysis in SPSSAU employed the product coefficient test method,utilizing Bootstrap sampling for data analysis.Results:The MBTI personality traits of medical students were generally inclined to Introversion-Sensing-Thinking-Judging(ISTJ).Medical students tended to use cognitive reappraisal,and the level of empathy needed to be strengthened.Males exhibited higher expressive inhibition than females,while females experienced greater personal distress than males.Expressive inhibition was also higher in only children compared to non-only children,and only children showed lower emotional empathy than non-only children.Cognitive reappraisal played a partial mediating role in the relationship between introverted/extraverted personality traits and personal distress among medical students(mediating effect=-0.017,accounting for 14.217%of the total effect),and a complete mediating effect between introverted/extraverted personality traits and emotional empathy(mediating effect=0.024,accounting for 100%of the total effect).Cognitive reappraisal partially mediated the relationship between life attitude orientation and emotional empathy(mediating effect=0.017,accounting for 15.727%of the total effect),and served as a partial mediator in the relationship between life attitude orientation and cognitive empathy(mediating effect=0.171,accounting for 25.827%of the total effect).Conclusion:Cognitive reappraisal has a mediating effect on the relationship between medical students'MBTI personality traits and empathy,guiding medical students to improve empathy abilities using cognitive reappraisal.Medical students can further understand their strengths and weaknesses by identifying their MBTI types,and improve their empathy ability in a targeted manner,to better adapt to future medical work.

Objective To observe the value of parallel reverse enhance attention network module based on Kolmogorov-Arnold networks(KAN-PrdaModule)for segmenting polyps showed on colonoscopy images.Methods Nine hundred colonoscopy images in Kvasir-SEG dataset and 550 colonoscopy images in CVC-ClinicDB dataset were selected as training set(n=1 450),while 196 colonoscopy images in ETIS dataset,62 in CVC-ClinicDB dataset,380 in CVC-ColonDB dataset and 100 in Kvasir-SEG dataset were enrolled as test set(n=738).KAN-PrdaModule was proposed through improving U-Net,which improved detection accuracy through multi-scale feature fusion,and the value of KAN-PrdaModule for segmenting polyps showed on colonoscopy images was analyzed according to mean Dice similarity coefficient(mDSC),mean intersection over union(mIoU),weighted metric(Fωβ)and structural metric(Sα),and compared with U-Net,U-Net++,stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)and PraNet models.Results Among the above 5 models,the performance of SFA model for segmenting polyps on colonoscopy images was poor,with blurry edges of polyps and some ones were missed.U-Net and U-Net++models had decent performance,which could roughly identify polyps.PraNet model performed well,and the segmented edges of polyps were clear.KAN-PrdaModule had the best performance,showed high similarity to the true value images,with the best overall mDSC,mIoU,Fωβand Sα.Conclusion KAN-PrdaModule could effectively segment polyps showed on colonoscopy images,with segmenting effect better than U-Net,U-Net++,SFA and PraNet models.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI)personality traits,empathy ability,and emotion regulation among medical students,and to advocate for medical students to conduct in-depth self-analysis using MBTI,and to enhance their empathy ability in a targeted manner,thereby more effectively building harmonious doctor-patient relationships.Methods:A total of 664 medical students were investigated using the MBTI,the Chinese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ),and the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI).The mediation analysis in SPSSAU employed the product coefficient test method,utilizing Bootstrap sampling for data analysis.Results:The MBTI personality traits of medical students were generally inclined to Introversion-Sensing-Thinking-Judging(ISTJ).Medical students tended to use cognitive reappraisal,and the level of empathy needed to be strengthened.Males exhibited higher expressive inhibition than females,while females experienced greater personal distress than males.Expressive inhibition was also higher in only children compared to non-only children,and only children showed lower emotional empathy than non-only children.Cognitive reappraisal played a partial mediating role in the relationship between introverted/extraverted personality traits and personal distress among medical students(mediating effect=-0.017,accounting for 14.217%of the total effect),and a complete mediating effect between introverted/extraverted personality traits and emotional empathy(mediating effect=0.024,accounting for 100%of the total effect).Cognitive reappraisal partially mediated the relationship between life attitude orientation and emotional empathy(mediating effect=0.017,accounting for 15.727%of the total effect),and served as a partial mediator in the relationship between life attitude orientation and cognitive empathy(mediating effect=0.171,accounting for 25.827%of the total effect).Conclusion:Cognitive reappraisal has a mediating effect on the relationship between medical students'MBTI personality traits and empathy,guiding medical students to improve empathy abilities using cognitive reappraisal.Medical students can further understand their strengths and weaknesses by identifying their MBTI types,and improve their empathy ability in a targeted manner,to better adapt to future medical work.

Objective To investigate the underlying mechanisms contributing to the limited therapeutic efficacy of endocrine therapy combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2-low breast cancer,and to develop a breast cancer organoid model as a tool for the precise identification of HR+/HER2-low patients who are responsive to pan-TKI treatment.Methods Transcriptomics was employed to identify differentially expressed genes in HR+/HER2-0 and HR+/HER2-low breast cancer samples and to perform functional enrichment analysis.Tumor organoid models were established using breast cancer tissues obtained from clinical sources,and the differential sensitivity of these samples to therapeutic agents was assessed using Calcein-AM/PI cell viability staining and EdU-based cell proliferation assays.Results The results of transcriptomic enrichment analysis indicated that EGFR was signifi-cantly activated in HR+/HER2-low breast cancer and exhibited characteristics of resistance to TKIs.Breast cancer organoids were successfully established.Drug sensitivity testing revealed that the therapeutic efficacy of ET combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors was suboptimal in certain cases of HR+/HER2-low breast cancer,while the addition of TKIs effectively restored sensitivity to the ET+CDK4/6 inhibitor regimen(P<0.05).Conclusions TKI can restore the reduced sensitivity of HR+/HER2-low breast cancer to endocrine therapy combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors.Breast cancer organoids hold promise as screening tools for assessing drug sensitivity in clinical settings for patients with HR+/HER2-low breast cancer.

Objective To observe the value of parallel reverse enhance attention network module based on Kolmogorov-Arnold networks(KAN-PrdaModule)for segmenting polyps showed on colonoscopy images.Methods Nine hundred colonoscopy images in Kvasir-SEG dataset and 550 colonoscopy images in CVC-ClinicDB dataset were selected as training set(n=1 450),while 196 colonoscopy images in ETIS dataset,62 in CVC-ClinicDB dataset,380 in CVC-ColonDB dataset and 100 in Kvasir-SEG dataset were enrolled as test set(n=738).KAN-PrdaModule was proposed through improving U-Net,which improved detection accuracy through multi-scale feature fusion,and the value of KAN-PrdaModule for segmenting polyps showed on colonoscopy images was analyzed according to mean Dice similarity coefficient(mDSC),mean intersection over union(mIoU),weighted metric(Fωβ)and structural metric(Sα),and compared with U-Net,U-Net++,stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)and PraNet models.Results Among the above 5 models,the performance of SFA model for segmenting polyps on colonoscopy images was poor,with blurry edges of polyps and some ones were missed.U-Net and U-Net++models had decent performance,which could roughly identify polyps.PraNet model performed well,and the segmented edges of polyps were clear.KAN-PrdaModule had the best performance,showed high similarity to the true value images,with the best overall mDSC,mIoU,Fωβand Sα.Conclusion KAN-PrdaModule could effectively segment polyps showed on colonoscopy images,with segmenting effect better than U-Net,U-Net++,SFA and PraNet models.

Objective To establish a human luminal breast cancer stem cell(BCSC)model and investigate the inhibitory effects of astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ)on BCSC growth.Methods MCF-7 breast cancer cells were cultured in stem cell-specific medium to induce BCSC formation.The BCSCs were then divided into a blank control group and an AS-Ⅳ treatment group,both groups were given PBS or AS-Ⅳ treatment.Morphological changes were observed after intervention.The therapeutic efficacy of AS-Ⅳ was evaluated using 3D spheroid formation and cell viability assays.Transcriptomic profiling and gene expression analysis were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Results Compared with the MCF7 breast cancer cells,MCF7 breast cancer stem cell mammospheres exhibited accelerated growth(P＜0.01)and significantly increased expression of the stemness marker ALDH1A1(P＜0.01).Further comparison with the blank control group revealed that astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ)treatment significantly inhibited MCF7 breast cancer stem cell proliferation(P＜0.001)and slowed mammosphere growth(P＜0.01).Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed genes(DEGs)induced by stem cell modeling and AS-Ⅳ intervention were enriched in the cellular senescence signaling pathway.AS-Ⅳ intervention substantially increased the number of SA-β-gal-positive cells(P＜0.01).RT-PCR analysis confirmed that AS-Ⅳsignificantly upregulated mRNA expression of IL-1α(P＜0.01),P21(P＜0.001),and P53(P＜0.05)in MCF7 breast cancer stem cells.Conclusion Astragaloside Ⅳ suppresses the growth of human luminal breast cancer stem cells by inducing cellular senescence.

Pregabalin, a structural analog of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), has been widely prescribed since its approval in 2004 for treating various neuropathic pain conditions. In Western countries, it is also approved for managing anxiety disorders. However, concerns about its potential for abuse and dependence have led to its reclassification as a second-line treatment in recent years. Although pregabalin addiction has been reported in international studies, there have been no such reports within China. This article presents a case of addiction stemming from pregabalin abuse to manage anxiety symptoms. The patient experienced withdrawal symptoms after discontinuing the drug, which were successfully treated. The development of pregabalin addiction, withdrawal symptoms, and the OD(overdose) pattern of drug abuse in this case should draw the attention of clinicians in China.

Objective To investigate the underlying mechanisms contributing to the limited therapeutic efficacy of endocrine therapy combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2-low breast cancer,and to develop a breast cancer organoid model as a tool for the precise identification of HR+/HER2-low patients who are responsive to pan-TKI treatment.Methods Transcriptomics was employed to identify differentially expressed genes in HR+/HER2-0 and HR+/HER2-low breast cancer samples and to perform functional enrichment analysis.Tumor organoid models were established using breast cancer tissues obtained from clinical sources,and the differential sensitivity of these samples to therapeutic agents was assessed using Calcein-AM/PI cell viability staining and EdU-based cell proliferation assays.Results The results of transcriptomic enrichment analysis indicated that EGFR was signifi-cantly activated in HR+/HER2-low breast cancer and exhibited characteristics of resistance to TKIs.Breast cancer organoids were successfully established.Drug sensitivity testing revealed that the therapeutic efficacy of ET combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors was suboptimal in certain cases of HR+/HER2-low breast cancer,while the addition of TKIs effectively restored sensitivity to the ET+CDK4/6 inhibitor regimen(P<0.05).Conclusions TKI can restore the reduced sensitivity of HR+/HER2-low breast cancer to endocrine therapy combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors.Breast cancer organoids hold promise as screening tools for assessing drug sensitivity in clinical settings for patients with HR+/HER2-low breast cancer.