Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of vaccine-associated immune thrombocytopenia(VA-ITP)based on the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System(VAERS), and to provide a reference for vaccine safety monitoring, vaccination prevention, and clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Data from VAERS on all reported cases of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) after vaccination since the establishment of the database in 1990 to the data lock point of 7th November 2023 were analyzed retrospectively for information on such as sex, age, vaccine type, vaccine dose, and occurrence time of ITP.Results Among the 877 cases of VA-ITP, there were 868 cases of effective statistical vaccine types, involving 43 vaccine types. The top 10 vaccine types were COVID-19 vaccine(434 cases, 50%), MMR vaccine(82 cases, 9. 4%),HEPA vaccine(48 cases, 5. 5%), FLU3 vaccine(41 cases, 4. 7%), FLU4 vaccine(32 cases, 3. 7%), HPV4 vaccine(30 cases,3. 5%), DTAP vaccine(29 cases, 3. 3%), MMRV vaccine(32 cases, 3. 7%), VARZOS vaccine(17 cases, 2. 0%) and HPV9vaccine(13 cases, 1. 5%). Among the 877 reported cases, 843 cases with definite sex were counted, including 374 males and469 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1. 25. The 377 cases of patients were under 18 years of age, accounting for about 44. 7% of the total, and there was significant difference in the composition ratio of sexes among patients with VA-ITP at different ages(χ~2= 10. 029, P < 0. 05). The incidence of ITP within 8 days after vaccination, with a total of 336 cases, was39.9%, and there was no significant difference in the occurrence time composition ratio of ITP between different sexes(χ~2=3. 296, P > 0. 05). The 54. 9% of ITP occurred after the first dose of vaccine, and there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of different vaccination doses between male and female recipients(χ~2= 5. 323, P > 0. 05), but there was significant difference in the composition ratio of vaccination doses among different age groups(χ~2= 30. 591, P < 0. 01).Conclusion By analyzing the summary data from VAERS database, the adverse reaction of VA-ITP was fully recognized.After clinical vaccination, attention should be focused on the platelet status of minors and the elderly, as well as those who were vaccinated within 8 days, and the continuous vaccine safety monitoring should be carried out, which is helpful to reduce the missed diagnosis of vaccine adverse events(AE) and improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

BACKGROUND:Ossification of the ligamentum flavum was previously considered to be rare in the population.As research has progressed,its incidence rate is increasing gradually,which has aroused the interest of a large number of researchers. OBJECTIVE:To visualize and analyze the research results on ossification of the ligamentum flavum from the Web of Science Core Collection since 1999 using bibliometric methods,and to review the research history of ossification of the ligamentum flavum,highlighting important literature,summarizing research hotspots,and providing ideas for researchers to find research directions. METHODS:Using the Web of Science Core Collection as the data source,relevant papers on ossification of the ligamentum flavum were searched and screened.VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R6 were used to conduct the visual analysis of annual publication volume,research countries,institutions,citations,journals,authors,and keywords. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 347 papers were included.Since 1999,the number of published papers has increased in a spiral pattern.China's research started later than Japan's,but the number of publications has come up later,with Peking University being the institution with the most publications,and Prof.Chen Zhongqiang from Peking University being the scholar with the most publications.(2)Five of the 10 most frequently cited publications were related to the surgical treatment of the disease.(3)Excluding keywords directly related to the research topic and synthetically analyzing frequencies and betweenness centralities of key words,terms such as"thoracic myelopathy,""dural ossification,""minimally invasive surgery,"and"ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament"occupied a central position in this field.(4)Keywords clustering analysis showed that clinical manifestations and surgical treatment of ossification of the ligamentum flavum accounted for a large proportion of study.(5)The timeline and burst analysis of keywords revealed that"minimally invasive surgery"appeared as a keyword around 2015,with the highest burst strength and the latest burst start time,and began to receive extensive attention from researchers in 2019.The burst of the keyword"dural ossification"has not yet ended.(6)Surgical treatment for ossification of the ligamentum flavum has been at the forefront of research.Development and research of minimally invasive surgery and research on dural ossification secondary to ossification of the ligamentum flavum are both current research hotspots and possible future research trends.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of live combined Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium (LCBE) on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and circadian rhythm disorder (CRD) and explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS: KM mice were randomized into normal diet (ND) group (n=8), high-fat diet (HFD) group (n=8), and rhythm-intervention with HFD group (n=16). After 8 weeks of feeding, the mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) to induce T2DM. The mice in CRD-T2DM group were further randomized into two equal groups for treatment with LCBE (225 mg/kg) or saline by gavage; the mice in ND and HFD groups also received saline gavage for 8 weeks. Blood glucose level of the mice was measured using a glucometer, and serum levels of Bmal1, PER2, insulin, C-peptide and lipids were determined with ELISA. Colon morphology and hepatic lipid metabolism of the mice were examined using HE staining and Oil Red O staining, respectively, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was detected using LC-MS; GPR43 and GLP-1 expression levels were analyzed using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with those in CRD-T2DM group, the LCBE-treated mice exhibited significant body weight loss, lowered levels of PER2, insulin, C-peptide, total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C, and increased levels of Bmal1 and HDL-C levels. LCBE treatment significantly increased SCFAs, upregulated GPR43 and GLP-1 expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels, and improved hepatic steatosis and colon histology. CONCLUSIONS LCBE ameliorates lipid metabolism disorder in CRD-T2DM mice by reducing body weight and improving lipid profiles and circadian regulators possibly via the SCFAs/GPR43/GLP-1 pathway.
Animals ; Mice ; Lipid Metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism* ; Enterococcus faecium ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism* ; Bacillus subtilis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism* ; Circadian Rhythm ; Blood Glucose/metabolism* ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism* ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism* ; Male ; Chronobiology Disorders/metabolism*

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Melanoma is characterized by high malignancy, ranking the third among skin malignancies, and is associated with lack of specific treatment options and poor prognosis. Therefore, the development of effective therapies for melanoma is imperative. A critical challenge in addressing subcutaneous disease lies in overcoming the skin barrier. In this study, we engineered a microneedle (MN) system that integrates chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and targeted therapy to enhance anti-tumor efficacy while effectively penetrating the skin barrier. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the MN drug delivery system (DDS) can effectively penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin, deliver therapeutics to subcutaneous tumor sites, and establish a drug reservoir at these locations to exert anti-tumor effects. Cellular experiments indicated that the engineered PTT chemotherapy-targeted MNs can be internalized by tumor cells, exhibiting enhanced cytotoxicity against them. In vivo pharmacological investigations revealed that the combination of PTT and chemotherapy delivered via this MN DDS produced synergistic anti-tumor effects, achieving a tumor inhibition rate of up to 98.15%. This in situ DDS minimizes involvement with other organs, significantly reducing chemotherapy-related side effects. In summary, the PTT chemotherapy-targeted MNs developed in this study demonstrate promising application potential by enhancing anti-tumor efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder （RBD） is a type of parasomnia closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases related to α-synucleinopathies， such as Parkinson disease， dementia with Lewy bodies， and multiple system atrophy， and early diagnosis is of great importance for disease monitoring and intervention.At present， RBD is mainly diagnosed based on video polysomnography （v-PSG） and nocturnal abnormal behaviors， but the application of v-PSG is limited by its high technical demands.Various validated RBD-related scales have become essential tools for auxiliary diagnosis， which provides methods and tools for the diagnosis of RBD and the assessment of disease progression and outcomes.

Objective To investigate the relationship between tooth loss and the occurrence of esophageal cancer in a natural village in Wenfeng District, Anyang City, Henan Province. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted to observe the occurrence of tooth loss and esophageal cancer among the asymptomatic residents of the natural village for 16 years from January 2008 to July 2024. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline. Results Among the total population of 711 cases, 136 cases were lost to follow-up and 575 cases were included in the final statistics, including 45 cases with esophageal cancer. Significant statistical difference was found between esophageal cancer patients with and without tooth loss (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that tooth loss was associated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer (OR=3.977, 95%CI: 1.543-10.255). After the adjustment for confounders, tooth loss remained significantly associated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer (OR=3.038, 95%CI: 1.035-8.914). A nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between the number of teeth lost and the incidence of esophageal cancer. When the number of teeth lost was less than 12, the risk of esophageal cancer increased with the number of teeth lost. When more than 12 teeth were lost, the risk of esophageal cancer decreased as the number of teeth lost increased. Conclusion Tooth loss is a risk factor for the occurrence of esophageal cancer in this natural village. When the number of teeth lost is less than 12, the risk of esophageal cancer increases with the number of teeth lost.