In China, the incidence of adverse reactions of drugs in children is twice that in adults; especially in the newborns, it is four times that in adults. The main reason is that the physiological characteristics of children are changing constantly due to that they are in a constant process of growth and development; while the pediatric medicines cannot meet the clinical needs of children in different age states. Accordingly, the development of pediatric medicines, especially oral solid preparations which are convenient for administration and storage, has attracted a lot of attention. This review introduced various pediatric oral solid dosage forms such as multiparticulates, orally disintegrating tablets(ODT)and chewable tablets. In addition, the efficient taste masking technology and accurate dose control were the further research directions for development of pediatric medicines, which would provide important theoretical references for studies on pediatric oral solid dosage forms in future.

Objective To make a retrospective investigation on the diagnosis and treatment of the chronic heart failure ( CHF) among hospitalized veteran cadres , so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of health protection policies against the disease.Methods Totally, the medical records of 201 veteran cadres admitted into our hospital for treatment of CHF from 2006-2015 were collected , and then the causes , inducing factors , diagnosis and treatment of the disorder were analyzed statistically .Results The sequence of the causes of CHF was:coronary heart disease (36.8%), hypertensive heart disease (31.3%), diabetic cardiomyop-athy (12.9%), chronic pulmonary heart disease (10.4%) and other factors (9.5%).The sequence of the inducing factors was:in-fection (28.4%), arrhythmia (23.4%), poor treatment compliance (17.9%), myocardial ischemia (13.9%), poor control of blood pressure (9.9%), and other factors (6.5%).The level of NT-proBNP for the patients of the 86-95 age group was significantly high-er than that of the 76-85 age group, and the NT-proBNP level of the 76-85 age group was significantly higher than that of the 66-75 age group.The level of LVEF in the 86-95 age group was significantly higher than that of the 76-85 age group, and the level of LVEF in the 76-85 age group was significantly lower than that of the 66-75 age group .The medication of digitalis , ACEI/ARB, beta blockers and spironolactone drugs accounted for 50.2%, 49.3%, 47.8% and 45.8% respectively.Conclusion With regard to the prevention and treatment of CHF in the veteran cadres , special attention should be paid to the control of the pathogenic causes and indu -cing factors, the standardization of treatment , as well as comprehensive management of the disorder outside hospital .

Humans ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; rehabilitation ; Pneumoconiosis ; rehabilitation ; Respiratory Therapy