Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide in 2022, and conventional treatment modalities offer limited efficacy for patients with advanced or recurrent disease. Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes capable of non-specifically eliminating tumor cells and virus-infected cells without prior sensitization, and have emerged as a research focus in the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, the systematic elucidation and in-depth analysis are required in the dual regulatory mechanisms of NK cells within the cervical cancer microenvironment and the bottlenecks hindering their clinical translation. This article reviews the application of NK cell-based immunotherapy in CC, summarizes the mechanisms of action and therapeutic advances of NK cells in CC, identifies the major obstacles to current clinical translation, and proposes corresponding solutions.

BACKGROUND:Cannabidiol is effective in ameliorating the body's inflammatory response,but no clear mechanistic studies have been conducted to ameliorate skeletal muscle inflammation induced by exhaustive exercise. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism by which cannabidiol improves skeletal muscle inflammation during exhaustive exercise by using transcriptome sequencing technology. METHODS:Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups:blank control group,exercise coconut oil group,exercise control group,50 mg/kg cannabidiol group,60 mg/kg cannabidiol group,and 70 mg/kg cannabidiol group,with six rats in each group.Except for rats in the blank control group,rats in each group were subjected to swimming exercise for 9 days to produce the exhaustive exercise model.At the end of each swimming exercise,rats in the cannabidiol groups were given 2 mL of fat-soluble cannabidiol at different concentrations(50,60,and 70 mg/kg)by gavage;rats in the exercise coconut oil group were given the same volume of coconut oil by gavage until the end of the exercise on the 9th day;and rats in the blank control group and the exercise control group were not given any special treatment.The levels of inflammatory factors and differentially expressed genes in the skeletal muscle of rats in each group were determined using ELISA and transcriptome sequencing techniques.Differentially expressed genes obtained were subjected to KEGG analysis,and the accuracy of the sequencing data was verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The results of ELISA showed that the contents of interleukin-6(P<0.05),tumor necrosis factor-α(P<0.01),interleukin-10 and other inflammatory factors in the exercise group increased significantly compared with the blank control group and the coconut oil group.After cannabidiol intervention,the mass concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α showed a sequential decrease with increasing cannabidiol concentration.By comparing GO and KEGG databases,the functional properties of differentially expressed genes were analyzed,and the results showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.RT-qPCR results showed that the trends of five randomly selected differentially expressed genes were in agreement with the transcriptome sequencing results.To conclude,cannabidiol can improve skeletal muscle inflammation caused by exhaustive exercise.

Objective:The association between air pollutants and the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between five air pollutants—PM 2.5, PM 2.5–10, PM 10, NO 2, and NO?—and the risk of SCD. Methods:We analyzed data from 460 862 participants in the UK Biobank cohort, all enrolled between 2006 and 2010, with no baseline SCD. Follow-up continued until the study endpoint. Annual average concentrations of the five pollutants were assessed. Associations between pollutants and SCD were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, followed by Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess causality.Results:Over a mean follow-up of 12.4 years, 2 662 SCD cases were recorded. After adjusting for confounders, no significant associations were found between air pollutants and SCD risk: PM 2.5 ( HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99–1.07, P = 0.14), PM 2.5–10 ( HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.08, P = 0.08), PM 10 ( HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.03, P = 0.26), NO? ( HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.00, P = 0.26), and NO x ( HR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00–1.01, P = 0.19). MR analysis further supported the absence of causal relationships: PM 2.5 ( β = -0.149, P = 0.90), PM 2.5–10 ( β = 0.387, P = 0.62), PM 10 ( β = -0.994, P = 0.62), NO? ( β = –0.005, P = 0.99), and NO 2 ( β = –0.827, P = 0.25). Conclusions:This study found no evidence linking PM 2.5, PM 2.5–10, PM 10, NO?, or NO 2 to an increased risk of SCD. Mendelian randomization confirmed the lack of causal associations between these pollutants and SCD.

Objective To observe the value of fetal MRI in diagnosis of duodenal obstruction(DO).Methods A total of 35 fetuses with suspected DO according to MRI were retrospectively included.The length and the maximum diameter of the dilated duodenum were measured,so as site(categorized in descending order from proximal to distal as descending segment,horizontal segment and ascending duodenum/proximal jejunum)and the degree of obstruction(complete or incomplete)were assessed.Taken findings of labor induction specimen,postnatal neonatal surgery or follow-up data as standards,the positive predictive value(PPV)of MRI for diagnosing fetal DO was calculated,while the correlations of the measured parameters of dilated duodenum and the confirmed obstruction site/degree were analyzed.Results Among 35 fetuses,DO was confirmed in 34 fetuses,yielding an overall PPV of 97.14％(34/35)for MRI.In 34 fetuses with confirmed DO,there were 23 with descending DO(DDO),4 with horizontal DO(HDO)and 7 with ascending DO/proximal jejunum obstruction(ADO/PJO),including 12 with complete DO and 22 with incomplete DO.PPV of MRI for diagnosing DDO,HDO and ADO/PJO was 87.50％(21/24),50.00％(2/4)and 100％(7/7),respectively,for diagnosing complete and incomplete DO was 90.00％(9/10)and 84.00％(21/25),respectively.Both the length and the maximum diameter of fetal proximal dilated duodenum showed on MRI were positively correlated with the actual obstruction site(from proximal to distal)(rs=0.736,P＜0.001;rs=0.424,P=0.011,respectively),but had no significant rank correlation with the degree of obstruction(rs=-0.216,P=0.212;rs=-0.285,P=0.097,respectively).Conclusion Fetal MRI could effectively evaluate the length and the maximum diameter of dilated duodenum hence indicating the level and degree of DO.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of computed tomography(CT)with three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technique in diagnosis and selecting surgical methods for patients with pituitary tumor.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 82 elderly patients with suspected pituitary tumor at Huanggang Central Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023.All of patients underwent CT examination with 3D reconstruction technique and MRI examination.The postoperatively pathological results were used as the golden standard to compare the diagnostic results and efficiency of CT with 3D reconstruction technique and MRI for pituitary tumor.The differences of the two examination methods were compared in images quality.The clinical value of CT with 3D reconstruction technique for the selection of surgical method was further analyzed.Results:In 82 elderly patients with suspected pituitary tumor,56 cases were confirmed by postoperatively pathological examination,and 49 cases were confirmed by CT with 3D reconstruction technique,and 60 cases were confirmed by MRI.The characteristics of CT imaging were:quasi-circular or circular tumors were the majority,which had clear boundaries,and tumors grew to the side of sella turcica and around of the sella turcica,which accompanied by enlarged pituitary fossa.MRI imaging characteristics of pituitary tumors were as follows:the most of them accompanied with equal T1 and slightly high T2 signals,and there was enhancement of obvious ring,and the snowman sign.There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between CT with 3D reconstruction technique and MRI(P>0.05).The diagnostic specificity of CT with 3D reconstruction technique was 96.15%,which was higher than 76.92%of MRI,while its sensitivity was 85.71%,which was lower than 96.43%of MRI,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=4.413,3.953,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the maximum transverse diameter and maximum vertical diameter of tumors between CT with 3D reconstruction technique and MRI(P>0.05).Compared with the results of CT with 3D reconstruction technique,all of 56 patients with pituitary tumor adopted resection for pituitary tumor through nasal sphenoid approach.After surgery,2 cases occurred diabetes insipidus,and 1 case occurred intracranial infection and 1 case occurred decline in olfactory function.Conclusion:Both CT with 3D reconstruction technique and MRI have higher diagnostic value for pituitary tumors in the elderly,which can display characteristics of pituitary tumors,and have direct guidance roles for the selection of surgical methods.The diagnostic specificity of CT with 3D reconstruction technique is better.

To explore the application of sequential analysis in post-market safety dynamic surveillance of vaccines. Under the dynamic monitoring data of vaccines post-market approval, this research introduces the fundamental principles of maximizing sequential probability ratio test (MaxSPRT) and Bayesian sequential analysis, employing R software. Through an example of dynamic safety monitoring data of vaccines post-market approval, we analyze using the MaxSPRT and Bayesian sequential analysis. The MaxSPRT identified a safety signal in week 4 ( P<0.05), while Bayesian sequential analysis indicated that the 95% highest density interval for the RR value at week 4 is 1.13-3.27, suggesting the first appearance of a safety signal at week 4. The MaxSPRT and Bayesian sequential analysis effectively leverage continuously accumulating dynamic monitoring data, thereby serving as a valuable method for post-market safety surveillance of vaccines.

Objective:To establish a highly-sensitive method for the rapid measurement of 137Cs in seawater with an view to its preliminary application in eight coastal provinces of China. Methods:The method employed nickel potassium polyacrylonitrile (KNiFC-PAN), an organic polymer-based ion exchanged resin material, to filter and adsorb 137Cs from seawater at a rate of 60 ml/min via a peristaltic pump. The adsorption efficiency of KNiFC-PAN was determined by measuring the cesium ion concentration before and after adsorption in seawater, with the addition of stable cesium, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Three KNiFC-PAN matrix components of 137Cs standard samples were prepared for the efficiency calibration of well type high purity germanium gamma spectrometer to obtain its detection efficiency. Results:The established measuring method can complete the filtration and adsorption of 137Cs from 20 L seawater within 6-8 h, which was twice as fast as the co-precipitation method with phosphomolybdic acid-ammonium molybdate taking more than 12 h, as stipulated in the GB/T 16145-2022 standard. The cesium recovery rate was as high as 98.02%. The relative standard deviation of the efficiency calibration result for the three prepared standard samples was 1.30%, and the detection limit for 137Cs was 0.26 Bq/m 3. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in offcoast seawater in eight coastal provinces of China were detected ranging from 0.38 to 1.24 Bq/m 3. The activity concentration of 137Cs in coastal seawater of China was at the background level, while as reported in 2019 was 0.03-1.92 Bq/m 3 in the eastern Chinese seas and 1-2 Bq/m 3 in the Pacific Ocean. Conclusions:This method has high detection sensitivity and can quickly obtain the values of activity concentration of 137Cs in seawater, thus providing a rapid and feasible method for emergency monitoring of 137Cs in China.

Objective:To survey the status of radiological diagnostic equipment, protective equipment and articles, personnel allocation, and exposure frequencies in Linyi city, Shandong province, and to provide data support for rational allocation of radiological resources and radiological health management.Methods:In 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted of radiological diagnostic resources in 353 medical health institutions with radiological diagnostic equipment (excluding simple dental clinics, hereinafter referred to as radiological diagnostic institutions) in Linyi. The survey included the radiological diagnostic equipment (including 16 types of equipment in 7 categories), protective equipment and articles, the number of staff, and the exposure frequencies of X-ray diagnosis. The comparisons were conducted using rank sum test of number of peices of equipment and article and staff number in institutions at different levels in different regions.Results:In 2023, the 353 radiological diagnostic institutions in Linyi were all equipped with radiological diagnostic equipment, summing 1 180 pieces. The median value M ( P25, P75) of the number of peices of radiological diagnostic equipment possessed by each diagnostic institution was 2 (2, 3). The highest proportion of a single piece of equipment was 35.4% for digital radiography (RD) machine and 32.5% for computed tomography (CT) scanner, respectively, followed by image intensifier fluoroscopes 7.9% and flat-panel detector fluoroscopes 7.6%, while computed radiography(CR), 3 kinds of breast X-ray machines, 4 kinds of dental CT machines, and bone densitometers accounted for less than 4.0% each. A total of 223 items of protection equipment (radiation monitoring devices) were equipped, about of 47.0%. The radiological diagnostic institution was each equipped with protective articles. A total of 5 709 protective articles were provided, mainly including lead rubber neck covers, lead rubber hats, and lead rubber aprons (accounting for over 20% each). In 2023, there were a total of 2 677 staff engaged in radiological diagnosis in Linyi, with the majority being male (62.9%). The M ( P25, P75) of staff was 3 (2, 5), including 2 (1, 4) males and 1 (0, 2) females. There were level differences in radiological diagnostic equipment ( χ2=109.04, P<0.05), protective articles ( χ2=83.05, P<0.05), and the number of staff ( χ2=96.90, P<0.05), with tertiary institutions significantly higher than other levels. In 2023, there were 107.8 pieces of radiological diagnostic equipment per million population (38.2 DR units and 35.0 CT scanners per million population) and 244 radiological diagnostic staff per million population (154 males and 90 females per million population) in Linyi. The exposure frequencies of radiological diagnosis in Linyi were 543.7 examinations per thousand population, with CT diagnosis having the highest frequency (342.7 examinations per thousand population), followed by X-ray photography (157.8 examinations per thousand population) during the survey period. Conclusions:In 2023, all the radiological diagnostic institutions in Linyi are equipped with diagnostic equipment and protective articles. The number of CT, DR, breast DR units possessed by every millions of population are higher than the national and Shandong provincial average levels. The overall radiological diagnostic resources are generally good. However, the allocation of radiological diagnostic resources is unbalanced to a certain degree, which currently mainly focuses on the tertiary institutions. At the same time, the bone density meters and breast X-ray machines are insufficient, and further adjustments and optimizations are needed in the future.

Objective: To examine differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms between boarding and non boarding high school students and their associations with physical activity (PA) patterns, so as to provide evidence to inform adolescent mental health promotion. Methods: From October to December 2024, a convenience sample of 11 782 students aged 15-18 years was recruited from 36 schools in Nanchang, Ganzhou, and Shangrao of Jiangxi Province. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and PA were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and International Physical Activity Questionary Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Logistic regression model was used to examine associations between PA patterns, depressive and anxiety symptoms among boarding and non boarding students. Results: The detection rates of depressive symptoms were 45.7% and 46.4% among boarding and non boarding students, respectively; for anxiety symptoms, the corresponding rates were 43.0% and 46.7%. Boarding and non boarding students differed significantly in smoking status, screen time, sleep duration, sedentary time, daily vegetable intake, and napping ( χ 2=16.74-664.17, all P <0.01). Across PA pattern groups, the detection rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms differed significantly between boarding and non boarding students ( χ 2 depression = 23.85 , χ 2 anxiety = 22.78, both P <0.01). Adjusted for confounding factors, Logistic regression analysis of high school students showed that compared with the not meeting PA recommendations, both the concentrated and regular PA pattern were associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms [ OR (95% CI )=0.83(0.70-0.98), 0.90(0.83-0.98)]; and the concentrated pattern was also associated with lower odds of anxiety symptoms [ OR (95% CI )=0.78(0.65-0.92)], and the association of anxiety symptoms in concentrated boarding students was consistent with that of the overall group [ OR (95% CI )=0.71(0.52-0.98)] (all P <0.05). Conclusions There is a correlation of different physical activity patterns with depressive and anxiety symptoms among boarding and non boarding high school students. Schools should ensure students engage in regular physical activity and work to increase overall activity volume.