This paper systematically reviews the theoretical origins and contemporary understanding of high-dose heat-sensitive moxibustion. It proposes an operational paradigm for high-dose heat-sensitive moxibustion and establishes patient sensation-oriented criteria for determining supplementation and drainage effects， that is "internal penetration of gentle warmth as supplementation， while intense heat with burning pain as drainage". Incorporating both patients' subjective perceptions and objective physical signs， a dual-dimensional grading system of moxibustion sensations （grades 0-4） is developed. Based on clinical practice experience， the application characteristics of high-dose heat-sensitive moxibustion are summarized in terms of moistening channel sinews， unblocking meridians and collaterals， regulating zang-fu （脏腑） organs， and replenishing deficiencies. This paper provides new operational standards and practical references for the clinical application of high-dose heat-sensitive moxibustion.

Objective:To systematically review, assess, extract, and summarize the most effective evidence on non-pharmacological traditional Chinese medicine interventions for promoting pulmonary rehabilitation in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for clinical nurses to implement traditional Chinese medicine nursing interventions.Methods:According to the "6S" evidence model, relevant evidence on non-pharmacological traditional Chinese medicine interventions for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was retrieved from domestic and foreign databases, guideline websites and professional society websites, including clinical decisions, guidelines, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, expert consensus, etc. The retrieval time was from January 1, 2018 to August 10, 2023. Two researchers evaluated the quality of the included literature, and extracted data and summarized evidence.Results:A total of 23 articles were included, including 6 guideline, 1 evidence summary, 7 systematic reviews, 8 Meta analysis and 1 expert consensus. The 37 evidences were summarized from 11 aspects, including target population, intervention focus, moxibustion therapy, acupoint sticking therapy, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation, acupuncture therapy, acupoint injection therapy, traditional Chinese exercises, diet therapy, follow-up procedures, safety considerations.Conclusions:This study summarizes the evidences of traditional Chinese medicine non-drug pulmonary rehabilitation in the stable stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. When applying the evidence in clinical practice, the traditional Chinese medicine nursing ability of nurses and the actual situation of patients should be fully considered to formulate an individualized traditional Chinese medicine nursing plan.

Purpose:To investigate the expression of site specific markers and to identify the primary site of tumor origin in brain metastatic carcinoma (BMC). Methods:31 cases of BMCs were clinicopathologically studied, and TTF 1、TG、CK7、CK20 as markers of BMCs were detected by EnVision immunohistochemical staining. Results:In 31 BMC patients, there were 19 men and 12 women, and the male:female ratio was 1.58∶1. Their age ranged from 32 to 82 years (mean, 61.7 years); 23 cases of them arose from primary lung carcinoma, of which in 19 cases (82.6%) positive staining for both TTF 1 and CK7 metastases were detected, one case negative staining for TTF 1 but positive for both CK7 and CD20, 1 case positive staining only for CK7 and one cases negative staining fully for TTF 1、CK7 and CK20 were also diaplayed;Two cases from thyroid carcinoma expressing TTF 1 and TG were noted in BMCs. One tumor from gastric adenocarcinoma and one tumor from esophageal adenocarcinoma, positive staining for CK7 and CK20, wwere presented. One case from rectal adenocarcinoma expressing only CD20 and one from breast carcnoma staining for CK7 were included in the metastatic carcinomas. Two cases without positive staining for all antibodies above did not responded to the follow up. The primary sites of BMCs were not identified in 41.9% before operation, but only 6.7% of the primary sites of BMCs were not determined after immunnohistochemical staining was used for the differentiation among them,as well as other further examinations. Conclusions:Metastases of primary origin from lung were the most common in the BMCs. Immunohistochemical staining used by a monoclonal antibody panel combining TTF 1、TG、CK7、CK20 could help identify the primary site of tumor origin in BMC.