Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck malignancy. Approximately 50% to 60% of patients with OSCC are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage (clinical staging III-IVa). Even with comprehensive and sequential treatment primarily based on surgery, the 5-year overall survival rate remains below 50%, and patients often suffer from postoperative functional impairments such as difficulties with speaking and swallowing. Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are increasingly used in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC and have shown encouraging efficacy. However, clinical practice still faces key challenges, including the definition of indications, optimization of combination regimens, and standards for efficacy evaluation. Based on the latest research advances worldwide and the clinical experience of the expert group, this expert consensus systematically evaluates the application of PD-1 inhibitors in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC, covering combination strategies, treatment cycles and surgical timing, efficacy assessment, use of biomarkers, management of special populations and immune related adverse events, principles for immunotherapy rechallenge, and function preservation strategies. After multiple rounds of panel discussion and through anonymous voting using the Delphi method, the following consensus statements have been formulated: 1) Neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1 inhibitors can be used preoperatively in patients with locally advanced OSCC. The preferred regimen is a PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum based chemotherapy, administered for 2-3 cycles. 2) During the efficacy evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, radiographic assessment should follow the dual criteria of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 and immune RECIST (iRECIST). After surgery, systematic pathological evaluation of both the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes is required. For combination chemotherapy regimens, PD-L1 expression and combined positive score need not be used as mandatory inclusion or exclusion criteria. 3) For special populations such as the elderly (≥ 70 years), individuals with stable HIV viral load, and carriers of chronic HBV/HCV, PD-1 inhibitors may be used cautiously under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team (MDT), with close monitoring for adverse events. 4) For patients with a poor response to neoadjuvant therapy, continuation of the original treatment regimen is not recommended; the subsequent treatment plan should be adjusted promptly after MDT assessment. Organ transplant recipients and patients with active autoimmune diseases are not recommended to receive neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy due to the high risk of immune related activation. Rechallenge is generally not advised for patients who have experienced high risk immune related adverse events such as immune mediated myocarditis, neurotoxicity, or pneumonitis. 5) For patients with a good pathological response, individualized de escalation surgery and function preservation strategies can be explored. This consensus aims to promote the standardized, safe, and precise application of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor strategies in the management of locally advanced OSCC patients.

Objective To provide a scientific basis for vector prevention and control in port areas, vector monitoring has been conducted continuously to characterize the composition, density, and seasonal fluctuations of vectors across 21 port-areas of Shandong province from 2017 to 2023. Methods In accordance with the Regional Vector Monitoring Plan for Frontier Ports, vector surveillance of mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, rodents, and other disease vectors was performed. Data were analyzed to describe vector community composition and identify seasonal fluctuations. Results A total of 601 rodents belonging to 1 family, 4 genera, and 4 species were captured. Three dominant rodent species inhabit port areas. In addition, 88 104 mosquitoes were captured and classified into 3 subfamilies, 4 genera, and 12 species; 38 959 flies were trapped and classified into 8 families,31 genera, and 51 species, including 9 dominant fly species in port-areas; and 54 672 captured cockroaches were classified into 2 families,4 genera, and 4 species, with Blattella germanica as the dominant species. Conclusions Significant vector community changes(P＜0.005)have been identified after the epidemic. To improve the pertinence and efficacy of port health quarantine work, continuous and strong attention should be paid to vector compositions and population densities at Shandong ports.

This paper comprehensively explores the application value and current development status of rotating gantries in radiotherapy. First, it explains the concept of rotating gantries and their significant advantages in clinical treatment, including enhancing patient comfort, optimizing irradiation angles, and improving treatment stability. Next, an in-depth analysis of the global development of particle therapy rotating gantries is provided, covering the distribution and construction costs of proton and carbon ion therapy centers, as well as the practical applications and challenges of rotating gantries in different particle therapies. Additionally, the working principles of rotating gantries are described in detail, particularly the effects of rotational speed and magnetic rigidity on equipment size and performance. Furthermore, the factors that need to be comprehensively considered in the design of rotating gantries are systematically reviewed. Finally, through a comparative analysis of multiple clinical studies, it fully confirms the remarkable clinical advantages of rotating gantry systems over traditional fixed-beam systems in various cancer treatment scenarios. It also provides a reasonable outlook on their future development, pointing out that as technology advances and costs decrease, rotating gantries are expected to be widely adopted in medical institutions, bringing positive changes in cancer treatment.

This paper comprehensively explores the application value and current development status of rotating gantries in radiotherapy. First, it explains the concept of rotating gantries and their significant advantages in clinical treatment, including enhancing patient comfort, optimizing irradiation angles, and improving treatment stability. Next, an in-depth analysis of the global development of particle therapy rotating gantries is provided, covering the distribution and construction costs of proton and carbon ion therapy centers, as well as the practical applications and challenges of rotating gantries in different particle therapies. Additionally, the working principles of rotating gantries are described in detail, particularly the effects of rotational speed and magnetic rigidity on equipment size and performance. Furthermore, the factors that need to be comprehensively considered in the design of rotating gantries are systematically reviewed. Finally, through a comparative analysis of multiple clinical studies, it fully confirms the remarkable clinical advantages of rotating gantry systems over traditional fixed-beam systems in various cancer treatment scenarios. It also provides a reasonable outlook on their future development, pointing out that as technology advances and costs decrease, rotating gantries are expected to be widely adopted in medical institutions, bringing positive changes in cancer treatment.

This paper comprehensively explores the application value and current development status of rotating gantries in radiotherapy. First, it explains the concept of rotating gantries and their significant advantages in clinical treatment, including enhancing patient comfort, optimizing irradiation angles, and improving treatment stability. Next, an in-depth analysis of the global development of particle therapy rotating gantries is provided, covering the distribution and construction costs of proton and carbon ion therapy centers, as well as the practical applications and challenges of rotating gantries in different particle therapies. Additionally, the working principles of rotating gantries are described in detail, particularly the effects of rotational speed and magnetic rigidity on equipment size and performance. Furthermore, the factors that need to be comprehensively considered in the design of rotating gantries are systematically reviewed. Finally, through a comparative analysis of multiple clinical studies, it fully confirms the remarkable clinical advantages of rotating gantry systems over traditional fixed-beam systems in various cancer treatment scenarios. It also provides a reasonable outlook on their future development, pointing out that as technology advances and costs decrease, rotating gantries are expected to be widely adopted in medical institutions, bringing positive changes in cancer treatment.

AIM To investigate the effects of Wenfei Jiangzhuo Formula on mitochondrial function of Aβ25-35-induced BV-2 cells.METHODS In the establishment of cell model of Alzheimer's disease(AD)using Aβ25-35 on the BV-2 cells,the optimal concentration and time point of Aβ25-35 intervention were determined;and the groups for the intervention of LFHP-1c group(inhibitor)or the serum containing Wenfei Jiangzhuo Formula were set up.The detection of the optimal intervention concentration and time point by CCK-8 assay;the observation of cell migration and apoptosis by Transwell assay and Hoechst 33342 staining;the detection of the positive expressions of PGAM5 and Drp1 by immunofluorescence;and the detection of cellular PGAM5,Drp1,OPA1,and Mfn1/2 mRNA and protein expressions by RT-qPCR and Western blot were conducted.RESULTS The best AD cell model was established by 48 h exposure to 5 μmol/L of Aβ25-35,and most active cell viability was achieved with the 48 h use of serum containing 20％Wenfei Jiangzhuo Formula.Compared with the control group,the model group displayed decreased number of cell migration,more bright blue positive apoptotic cells,increased number of PGAM5 and Drp1 positive cells and their mRNA and protein expressions(P＜0.05);and decreased mRNA and protein expressions of OPA1 and Mfn1/2(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with the medicines shared increased number of cell migration,less bright blue positive apoptotic cells,decreased number of PGAM5 and Drp1 positive cells and their mRNA and protein expressions(P＜0.05);and elevated OPA1 and Mfn1/2 mRNA and protein expressions(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Wenfei Jiangzhuo Formula exerts cerebroprotective effects to improve cognition by reducing cell damage and improving the balance of mitochondrial homeostasis through PGAM5-Drp1 axis in AD model.

AIM To explore the effects of Hofmeister series ions on encapsulation efficiencies of cinnamaldehyde,paeonol,and ligustilide in inclusion complex of volatile oils from Wenjing Decoction.METHODS The volatile oils were extracted,after which the β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was prepared,the thermal stability was evaluated,and encapsulation efficiencies and inclusion complex constants of various volatile components in Na2SO4,NaH2PO4,NaCl,NaI,NaSCN solutions were determined.RESULTS The β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex demonstrated good thermal stability within 10 d.After the addtion of Hofmeister series ions,various volatile components displayed increased encapsulation efficiencies and inclusion complex constants,and concentration-dependent manner was observable in the latter.CONCLUSION Hofmeister series ions can affect the binding affinities of volatile components and β-cyclodextrin in volatile oils from Wenjing Decoction,thus regulate their encapsulation efficiencies.

Objective:To analyze the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), especially on the incidence of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (HDP) in women with moderate to severe OSAS.Methods:A total of 180 pregnant women with OSAS who were diagnosed through sleep monitoring during pregnancy due to high-risk factors of OSAS and registered in Peking University People′s Hospital from January 2021 to May 2024 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data were collected from medical records for retrospective analysis. According to whether they received standardized treatment with CPAP, they were divided into the CPAP treatment group (42 cases) and the control group (138 cases). The CPAP treatment group consisted of 9 pregnant women with moderate to severe OSAS, while the control group consisted of 34 pregnant women with moderate to severe OSAS. The maternal and neonatal outcomes, the incidence of HDP, placental weight after delivery and placental weight/neonatal birth weight ratio were compared between the two groups.Results:(1) The average gestational age of pregnant women in the CPAP treatment group was higher than that in the control group [(38.7±1.0) vs (38.0±1.4) weeks], the proportion of infants small for gestational age (SGA) in the CPAP treatment group was lower [0 (0/42) vs 12.3% (17/138)], and the birth weight of infants in the CPAP treatment group was bigger [(3 396±475) vs (3 082±710) g); the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the CPAP treatment group and the control group in terms of delivery mode, rates of postpartum hemorrhage and preterm birth, umbilical artery blood gas analysis pH<7.1, lactate≥6.0 mmol/L, base excess<-12.0 mmol/L and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and HDP (all P>0.05). (2) The placental weight of the CPAP treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group [(554.0±70.6) vs (615.7±119.1) g], the placental weight/newborn birth weight ratio of the CPAP treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (median: 0.17 vs 0.19), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (3) The incidence of HDP in pregnant women with moderate to severe OSAS in the CPAP treatment group was lower than that in the control group [1/9 vs 61.8% (21/34)], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:CPAP treatment could prolong the gestational age in pregnant women with OSAS, reduce the incidence of SGA, increase the birth weight of infants, and reduce the incidence of HDP in pregnant women with moderate to severe OSAS, and is worth promoting in clinical practice. The improvement of neonatal outcomes by CPAP treatment is closely related to the placenta, which is worthy of further exploration.

Objective Exploring the effectiveness of humanities and professional ethics with experimental technology teaching in the course of"Molecular Biology Experiments of the Gene".Methods Totally 101 students attending the course in the academic year 2024-2025 from Peking Union Medical College were selected as the re-search subjects.Based on students'test scores,classroom performance,quality of experimental reports,and feed-back from surveys,the effectiveness of construction with humanities and professional ethics in the course were evaluated.Results The students'test scores have improved,especially the proportion of outstanding students has increased.The accuracy rate of students answering the humanities and professional ethics test questions has reached 98.86%.The success rate of experiments and the quality of experimental reports have significantly improved compared to the previous students.Students'evaluation of the course has significantly improved.Conclu-sions Integrating the humanities and professional ethics in the course construction has achieved significant results,including test score,classroom performance,and post class evaluation.

Objective:To investigate the pathogen distribution characteristics and related risk factors for postoperative infection in liver transplant recipients.Method:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 153 recipients who underwent liver transplantation and received postoperative treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023. According to whether postoperative infection occurred, the recipients were divided into the infection group (33 cases) and the non-infection group (120 cases). Pathogen-related data were collected from multiple postoperative body fluid sites of liver transplant recipients. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors.Result:Among the 153 recipients, 105 were male and 48 were female, with a mean age of (52.2 ± 9.5) years. During the ICU stay after liver transplantation, 33 recipients developed infections, including 15 cases of single-pathogen infection and 18 cases of mixed-pathogen infection. The most common site of infection was the lung, accounting for 22 cases (66.67%). Eleven recipients (33.33%) in the infection group died, with septic shock being the leading cause of death (7 cases, 63.63%), and the median survival time was 14 days. Infected recipients had Gram-negative bacteria (171 strains), mainly Stenotrophomonas maltophilia[54 strains (31.57%)] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa[52 strains (30.41%)]. Gram-positive bacteria (47 strains) were dominated by Enterococcus faecalis[25 strains (53.19%)]. Multivariate regression analysis showed that postoperative mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours was an independent risk factor for infection in liver transplant recipients ( OR=10.878, 95% CI: 3.632-32.580, P<0.001). Conclusion:It is necessary to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in liver transplant recipients. Early removal of the tracheal tube and strengthening hospital infection prevention and control are of great significance in reducing the risk of postoperative infection in liver transplant recipients.