With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To analyze the serum metabolomic changes of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)at postmenstrual age(PMA)36 weeks,screen potential biomarkers and associated metabolic pathways,and assess their relationship with short-term respiratory outcomes.Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted.Infants with gestational age 28-32 weeks admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January to December 2024 were included.Twenty infants with BPD and 20 gestational age-,birth weight-,and sex-matched non-BPD preterm infants were included.Serum collected at PMA 36 weeks was subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis,and associations with short-term respiratory outcomes were analyzed.Results Thirteen potential biomarkers distinguishing BPD were identified(area under the curve>0.75,P<0.05).Eight biomarkers—including terephthalic acid,phosphatidylinositol,fumarate,and lysophosphatidic acid—were significantly upregulated(FC≥1.5),while five biomarkers,such as 7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate ester and phosphatidylcholine,were significantly downregulated(FC≤1/1.5).Pathway analysis indicated five pathways associated with BPD,including glycerophospholipid metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism.Dysregulation of glycerophospholipid and bile acid metabolism may affect adverse short-term respiratory outcomes in infants with BPD.Conclusions The 13 significantly different metabolites may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of BPD.Glycerophospholipid metabolism is associated with the occurrence of BPD and with adverse short-term respiratory outcomes.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To analyze the serum metabolomic changes of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)at postmenstrual age(PMA)36 weeks,screen potential biomarkers and associated metabolic pathways,and assess their relationship with short-term respiratory outcomes.Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted.Infants with gestational age 28-32 weeks admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January to December 2024 were included.Twenty infants with BPD and 20 gestational age-,birth weight-,and sex-matched non-BPD preterm infants were included.Serum collected at PMA 36 weeks was subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis,and associations with short-term respiratory outcomes were analyzed.Results Thirteen potential biomarkers distinguishing BPD were identified(area under the curve>0.75,P<0.05).Eight biomarkers—including terephthalic acid,phosphatidylinositol,fumarate,and lysophosphatidic acid—were significantly upregulated(FC≥1.5),while five biomarkers,such as 7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate ester and phosphatidylcholine,were significantly downregulated(FC≤1/1.5).Pathway analysis indicated five pathways associated with BPD,including glycerophospholipid metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism.Dysregulation of glycerophospholipid and bile acid metabolism may affect adverse short-term respiratory outcomes in infants with BPD.Conclusions The 13 significantly different metabolites may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of BPD.Glycerophospholipid metabolism is associated with the occurrence of BPD and with adverse short-term respiratory outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the safety and feasibility of the CHESS endoscpic ruler (CHESS ruler), and the consistency between the measured values and the interpretation values by endoscopic physician experience.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022, a total of 105 liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension were prospectively enrolled from General Hospital, Xixia Branch Hospital, Ningnan Hospital of People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (29 cases), and the First People′s Hospital of Yinchuan (25 cases), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (18 cases), Wuzhong People′s Hospital (10 cases), the Fifth People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (10 cases), Shizuishan Second People′s Hospital (6 cases), Yinchuan Second People′s Hospital (5 cases), and Zhongwei People′s Hospital (2 cases) 8 hospitals. The clinical characteristics of all the patients, including gender, age, nationality, etiolog of liver cirrhosis, and Child-Pugh classification of liver function were recorded. A big gastroesophageal varices was defined as diameter of varices ≥5 mm. Endoscopist (associated chief physician) performed gastroscopy according to the routine gastroscopy procedures, and the diameter of the biggest esophageal varices was measured by experience and images were collected, and then objective measurement was with the CHESS ruler and images were collected. The diameter of esophageal varices of 10 randomly selected patients (random number table method) was determined by 6 endoscopists (attending physician or associated chief physician) with experience or measured by CHESS ruler. Kappa test was used to test the consistency in the diameter of esophageal varices between measured values by CHESS ruler and the interpretation values by endoscopic physician experience.Results:Among 105 liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension, male 65 cases and female 40 cases, aged (54.8±12.2) years old, Han nationality 82 cases, Hui nationality 21 cases and Mongolian nationality 2 cases. The etiology of liver cirrhosis included chronic hepatitis B (79 cases), alcoholic liver disease (7 cases), autoimmune hepatitis (7 cases), chronic hepatitis C (2 cases), and other etiology (10 cases). Liver function of 32 cases was Child-Pugh A, Child-Pugh B 57 cases, and Child-Pugh C 16 cases. All 105 liver cirrhosis patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension were successfully measured the diameter of gastroesophageal varices by CHESS ruler, and the success rate of application of CHESS ruler was 100.0% (105/105). The procedure time from the CHESS ruler into the body to the exit of the body after measurement was (3.50±2.55) min. No complications happened in all the patients during measurement. Among 105 liver cirrhosis patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension, 96 cases (91.4%) were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopists. Totally 93 cases (88.6%) were considered as big gastroesophageal varices by CHESS ruler. Eight cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopist, however not by the CHESS ruler; 5 cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the CHESS ruler, but not by the endoscopists; 4 cases were not recognized as big gastroesophageal varices both by the endoscopists and CHESS ruler; 88 cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices both by the endoscopists and CHESS ruler. The missed diagnostic rate of big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopists experience was 5.4% (5/93), and the Kappa value of consistency coefficient between the measurement by the CHESS ruler and the interpretation by endoscopists experience was 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.60). The overall Kappa value of consistency coefficient by 6 endoscopists measured by CHESS ruler in big gastroesophageal varices diagnosis was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.93).Conclusion:As an objective measurement tool, CHESS ruler can make up for the deficiency of subjective judgment by endoscopists, accurately measure the diameter of gastroesophageal varices, and is highly feasible and safe.

Objective: The docking and superantigen activity sites of staphylococcal enterotoxin-like W (SElW) and T cell receptor (TCR) were predicted, and its SElW was cloned, expressed and purified. Methods: AlphaFold was used to predict the 3D structure of SElW protein monomers, and the protein models were evaluated with the help of the SAVES online server from ERRAT, Ramachandran plot, and Verify_3D. The ZDOCK server simulates the docking conformation of SElW and TCR, and the amino acid sequences of SElW and other serotype enterotoxins were aligned. The primers were designed to amplify selw, and the fragment was recombined into the pMD18-T vector and sequenced. Then recombinant plasmid pMD18-T was digested with BamHⅠand Hind Ⅲ. The target fragment was recombined into the expression plasmid pET-28a(+). After identification of the recombinant plasmid, the protein expression was induced by isopropyl-beta-D- thiogalactopyranoside. The SElW expressed in the supernatant was purified by affinity chromatography and quantified by the BCA method. Results: The predicted three-dimensional structure showed that the SElW protein was composed of two domains, the amino-terminal and the carboxy-terminal. The amino-terminal domain was composed of 3 α-helices and 6 β-sheets, and the carboxy-terminal domain included 2 α-helices and 7 antiparallel β-sheets composition. The overall quality factor score of the SElW protein model was 98.08, with 93.24% of the amino acids having a Verify_3D score ≥0.2 and no amino acids located in disallowed regions. The docking conformation with the highest score (1 521.328) was selected as the analysis object, and the 19 hydrogen bonds between the corresponding amino acid residues of SElW and TCR were analyzed by PyMOL. Combined with sequence alignment and the published data, this study predicted and found five important superantigen active sites, namely Y18, N19, W55, C88, and C98. The highly purified soluble recombinant protein SElW was obtained with cloning, expression, and protein purification. Conclusions: The study found five superantigen active sites in SElW protein that need special attention and successfully constructed and expressed the SElW protein, which laid the foundation for further exploration of the immune recognition mechanism of SElW.
Humans ; Enterotoxins/genetics* ; Superantigens/genetics* ; Catalytic Domain ; Selenoprotein W/metabolism* ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Tanshinones are one of the main effective components of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which play important roles in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Microbial heterogony production of tanshinones can provide a large number of raw materials for the production of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) preparations containing S. miltiorrhiza, reduce the extraction cost, and relieve the pressure of clinical medication. The biosynthetic pathway of tanshinones contains multiple P450 enzymes, and the catalytic element with high efficiency is the basis of microbial production of tanshinones. In this study, the protein modification of CYP76AK1, a key P450-C20 hydroxylase in tanshinone pathway, was researched. The protein modeling methods SWISS-MODEL, Robetta, and AlphaFold2 were used, and the protein model was analyzed to obtain the reliable protein structure. The semi-rational design of mutant protein was carried out by molecular docking and homologous alignment. The key amino acid sites affecting the oxidation activity of CYP76AK1 were identified by molecular docking. The function of the obtained mutations was studied with yeast expression system, and the CYP76AK1 mutations with continuous oxidation function to 11-hydroxysugiol were obtained. Four key amino acid sites that affected the oxidation acti-vity were analyzed, and the reliability of three protein modeling methods was analyzed according to the mutation results. The effective protein modification sites of CYP76AK1 were reported for the first time in this study, which provides a catalytic element for different oxidation activities at C20 site for the study of the synthetic biology of tanshinones and lays a foundation for the analysis of the conti-nuous oxidation mechanism of P450-C20 modification.
Oxidoreductases ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistry* ; Amino Acids/metabolism* ; Plant Roots/genetics*

Aim To study the protective effect of Qingjie HuaGong decoction ( QJHGD) for severe acute pancreatitis ( SAP ) model rats induced by cerulein based on TLR4/NF-kB/MYD88 pathway.Methods The effective component groups and potential targets of QJHGD were collected by network pharmacology method , and we constructed the component-target network.The GO and KEGG of important targets were enriched and analyzed by metascape database, and we selected the targeted pathways related with SAP inflammation mechanism.The rat model of severe acute pancreatitis was established by cerulein combined with lipopolysac- charide, followed by QJHGD gavage.Pancreatic tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.We verified the therapeutic effect of QJHGD on SAP rats and the regulatory effect on TLR4/NF-kB/MyD88 target pathway, by Enzyme linked immunosorbent and immunohistochemistry methods.Results A total of 105 active components and 148 key targets for SAP were screened; KEGG was enriched 320 different channels including toll like receptor and NF-kB classical pathways.Animal experiments showed that QJHGD harl protective changes in pancreatic pathological tissues, which was observed by HE staining; QJHGD reduced amylase, lipase, 1L-6 and TNF-a in SAP rat serum, inhibiting the positive expression of key proteins on TLR4/N F- kB/MyD88 inflammatory transduction j j pathways.Conclusion The mechanisms of QJHGD protecting pancreatic injury of SAP rat may be related to reducing the expression of key proteins on TLR4/ NF-kB/MvD88 pathway.

Paeoniflorin, a representative pinane monoterpene glycoside, is the main active component and quality index of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra.The possible biosynthesis of paeoniflorin is as follows: GPP is derived from mevalonate(MVA) and/or 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate(MEP) pathway(s) followed by the catalysis with terpene synthase, cytochrome P450(CYP450), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(UGT), and acyltransferase(AT), respectively.This study aims to explore the genes rela-ted to the biosynthesis of paeoniflorin.To be specific, the cDNA libraries for flowers, leaves, and roots of Paeonia lactiflora were established and sequenced.A total of 30 609 open reading frames(ORFs) were yielded.Through functional annotation and expression analysis of all CYP450 genes in the transcriptome, 11 CYP450 genes belonging to CYP71 A and CYP71 D subfamilies and showing expression trend consistent with monoterpene synthase PlPIN that may be involved in paeoniflorin biosynthesis were screened out.Subsequently, 7 UGT genes and 9 AT genes demonstrating the expression trend consistent with PlPIN which were possibly involved in paeoniflorin biosynthesis were further screened by functional annotation analysis, full-length sequence analysis, expression analysis, and phylogeny analysis.This study provided a systematic screening method with smaller number of candidate genes, thus reducing the workload of functional gene verification.The result laid a foundation for analyzing the biosynthesis pathway of paeoniflorin and the formation mechanism.
Bridged-Ring Compounds ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Glucosides/metabolism* ; Monoterpenes/metabolism* ; Paeonia/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the effect of free anterolateral thigh perforator flap in repair of forefoot injuries combined with multiple tissue defect.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on 26 patients who suffered from forefoot injuries combined with multiple tissue defect admitted to 920th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from January 2015 to December 2019. There were 21 males and 5 females, aged 15-61 years [(31.6±12.5)years]. The combined injuries were fracture in 10 patients, arsometatarsal joint dislocation in 3, bone defect in 9, tendon injury in 5, and ligament injury in 3. Management of multiple tissue defect of the forefeet: soft-tissue defect of the forefeet was resurfaced with free anterolateral thigh perforator flaps with the dimension of 6.0 cm×3.5 cm to 26.5 cm×10.0 cm; fracture was fixed by Kirschner wires; joint dislocation was treated by open reduction and Kirschner wires fixations; bone defect was reconstructed either by one-stage bone graft or by use of membrane-induced technique and secondary bone graft, according to the wound conditions; tendon injury of extensor digitorum longus was repaired by direct tendon suture or by tendon transfer; tarsometatarsal ligament injury was primarily sutured. The flap survival rate was observed within 2 weeks after operation. The fracture healing, bone-defect repair, foot appearance, and donor-site healing were detected at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year post-operatively and at the last follow-up. The postoperative complications were recorded. The foot function was assessed using American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score before operation and at the final follow-up.Results:All patients were followed up for 6-36 months [(20.5±4.6)months]. All flaps survived uneventfully. The fracture healing and bone defect repair were acquired. The flap showed good texture, including primary flap thinning in 11 patients and secondarily thinning in 15 patients at 3-6 months postoperatively. The donor sites showed good healing, leaving only a linear scar. The flap venous crisis developed in 1 patient and survived after emergency vascular exploring. Local infection of flap occurred in 3 patients and was cured after further debridement and the use of sensitive antibiotics. The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 54-94 points [(76.6±10.4)points] at the last follow-up, compared to preoperative 11-51 points [(27.2±11.3)points] ( P<0.01). The results were excellent in 5 patients, good in 11, and fair in 10, with the excellent and good rate of 62%. Conclusions:For forefoot injuries combined with multiple tissue defect, anterolateral thigh perforator flap transplantation with additional techniques to treat fractures, bone defect, tendon and ligament injuries can achieve satisfactory results in aesthetic appearance of the flap and donor site and foot function recovery.