Meconium is changed from defoliated intestinal villi with apoptosis. A meconium corpuscle is a limited architecture in the meconium at the light microscopic level. In histological and immunohistochemical sections of the abdomen from 40 fetuses at 20–31 weeks of gestation, we found 12 fetuses with meconium and examined the architecture.A solid or loose meconium was seen depending on sites. The solid meconium in the colon and rectum contained numerous spherical or rugby ball-like corpuscles comprising of a core with tightly-packed atrophied cells and a laminar fibrous sheath.The solid meconium surrounded and incorporated villi that maintained the original architecture. The loose meconium was seen not only in the stomach and duodenum but also, depending on specimens, in the colon and rectum. It was composed of a large mucosal fold, a single small villus and/or fragmented epithelia. Notably, these mucosal tissues still contained chromogranin-positive gastrointestinal cells and cytokeratin-positive epithelia. A large ring-like meconium was composed of the entirely circular mucosa or epithelia that seemed to be detached along the muscularis mucosae or the basal lamina.A sheath-like fibrous structure in meconium seemed to originate from the lamina propria and basal lamina of villi. A defoliation of villi with apoptosis seemed difficult to explain a detachment of the entirely circular mucosa or epithelia in large fetuses examined. The latter event might require a specific mechanism such as an in utero intussusception in which a proximal side of the colon was invaginated into the distal lumen.

Background Both productive dust and noise are occupational hazards, and each can induce changes in blood glucose levels among workers. Objective To explore the potential interactive effects of exposure to productive dust and noise on the risk of hyperglycemia among automobile manufacturing workers. Methods Using a cluster sampling method, workers undergoing occupational health examination from three automobile manufacturing plants in Wuhan in 2022 were selected. Basic information was collected using a questionnaire designed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Exposure history was obtained through occupational history interviews. Clinic indicators such as blood pressure, blood lipids, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and fatty liver status, were retrieved from examination records. Hyperglycemia was defined as FBG > 6.1 mmol·L^-1. Logistic regression models analyzed the independent effects of occupational noise and dust exposure, while additive and multiplicative interaction models assessed their interactive effects on hyperglycemia. Results The prevalence of hyperglycemia among the 1223 participants was 7.7%. Logistic regression showed that using workers without exposure as reference, the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hyperglycemia among workers exposed only to dust, only to noise, and to both were 2.15 (1.90, 4.23), 2.23 (1.40, 5.08), and 3.75 (1.95, 7.24), respectively. A linear association was observed between the duration of noise exposure and blood glucose levels (P<0.05). Interaction analysis showed no multiplicative interaction or additive interaction. Conclusion Exposure to productive dust and noise are independent risk factors for hyperglycemia among workers. While both contribute to increased risk, no significant synergistic interaction is observed.

Abstract To clarify the service targets, service contents, and safeguard mechanisms of the basic public service program for student vision health management, the study grounded in the current status of child and adolescent myopia prevention and control in China and integrated with the practical experience and innovative practices of Wuhan National Demonstration Area for Student Vision Health Management, takes education as the main thread and schools as the base, consolidating resources from multiple stakeholders including education administrative departments, schools, families, and professional technical service institutions. Centering on four core components—vision health education, monitoring and record keeping, risk prevention and control, and dynamic management, the study constructs a multi tiered basic public service system for vision health management of primary and secondary school students. It further proposes the use of an intelligent management platform and a "three tier color coded early warning" mechanism (red, yellow, blue) to prevent and control student myopia at the source, providing schools with replicable and operable implementation pathways to enhance the level of student vision health management.

Investigating the correlation between micronucleus formation and male infertility has the potential to improve clinical diagnosis and deepen our understanding of pathological progression. Our study enrolled 2252 male patients whose semen was analyzed from March 2023 to July 2023. Their clinical data, including semen parameters and age, were also collected. Genetic analysis was used to determine whether the sex chromosome involved in male infertility was abnormal (including the increase, deletion, and translocation of the X and Y chromosomes), and subsequent semen analysis was conducted for clinical grouping purposes. The participants were categorized into five groups: normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia, oligoasthenozoospermia, and azoospermia. Patients were randomly selected for further study; 41 patients with normozoospermia were included in the control group and 117 patients with non-normozoospermia were included in the study group according to the proportions of all enrolled patients. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) screening was conducted through peripheral blood. Statistical analysis was used to determine the differences in micronuclei (MNi) among the groups and the relationships between MNi and clinical data. There was a significant increase in MNi in infertile men, including those with azoospermia, compared with normozoospermic patients, but there was no significant difference between the genetic and nongenetic groups in azoospermic men. The presence of MNi was associated with sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility, immotile spermatozoa, malformed spermatozoa, total sperm count, and total sperm motility. This study underscores the potential utility of MNi as a diagnostic tool and highlights the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of male infertility.
Humans ; Male ; Infertility, Male/genetics* ; Adult ; Micronucleus Tests ; Semen Analysis ; Oligospermia/genetics* ; Azoospermia/genetics* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Sperm Count ; Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of infants and young children with basal ganglia infarction after minor head trauma (BGIMHT). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and follow-up results of children aged 28 days to 3 years with BGIMHT who were hospitalized at Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2011 to January 2022. RESULTS: A total of 45 cases of BGIMHT were included, with the most common symptom being limb movement disorders (96%, 43/45), followed by facioplegia (56%, 25/45). Cerebral imaging showed that 72% (31/43) had infarction accompanied by basal ganglia calcification. After conservative treatment, 42 children (93%) showed significant symptom improvement, while 3 children (7%) experienced recurrent strokes. The median follow-up time was 82 months (range: 17-141 months). At the last follow-up, 97% (29/30) had residual basal ganglia softening lesions. Among 29 cases participating in questionnaire follow-up, 66% (19/29) recovered normally, 17% (5/29) showed significant improvement in symptoms, and 17% (5/29) had poor improvement. According to the grading of the Global Burden of Disease Control Projects, only 1 child (3%) had severe sequelae. There were no significant differences in age at onset, gender, or presence of concomitant basal ganglia calcification between children with and without neurological sequelae (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The most common initial symptom of BGIMHT is limb movement disorder, and imaging results indicate that most children have concurrent intracranial calcifications. Most infarct lesions later transform into softening lesions, resulting in a generally good prognosis.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Craniocerebral Trauma/complications* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Basal Ganglia/pathology* ; Infant, Newborn

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical characteristics of diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) in children and to enhance the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 6 children diagnosed with DPB who were hospitalized at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2011 to December 2019. RESULTS: Among the 6 patients, there were 2 males and 4 females; the age at diagnosis ranged from 7 to 12 years. All patients presented with cough, sputum production, and exertional dyspnea, and all had a history of sinusitis. Two cases showed positive serum cold agglutinin tests, and 5 cases exhibited pathological changes consistent with chronic bronchiolitis. High-resolution chest CT in all patients revealed centrilobular nodules diffusely distributed throughout both lungs with a tree-in-bud appearance. Five patients received low-dose azithromycin maintenance therapy, but 3 showed inadequate treatment response. After empirical anti-tuberculosis treatment, non-tuberculous Mycobacteria were found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Follow-up over 2 years showed 1 case cured, 3 cases significantly improved, and 2 cases partially improved. CONCLUSIONS The clinical presentation of DPB is non-specific and can easily lead to misdiagnosis. In cases where DPB is clinically diagnosed but does not show improvement with low-dose azithromycin treatment, special infections should be considered.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Bronchiolitis/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Child ; Haemophilus Infections/diagnosis*

Cervical spinal cord injury without fracture-dislocation (CSCIWFD) is referred to as a special type of cervical spinal cord injury characterized by traumatic spinal cord dysfunction and no significant bony structural abnormalities on imagines. Duo to the high risk of missed diagnosis during the initial consultation, CSCIWFD may lead to progressive neurological deterioration or even complete paralysis, severely impacting patients′ prognosis. Currently, there are no established consensuses over the diagnosis and treatment of CSCIWFD, such as the lack of evidence-based standards for indications of non-surgical treatment and risk of secondary neurological injury, as well as debates over the optimal timing for surgical intervention and indications for different surgical approaches. To address these issues, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the relevant fields to formulate Diagnosis and treatment guideline for acute cervical spinal cord injury without fracture- dislocation in adults ( version 2025) . Based on evidence-based medicine and the principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability, the guidelines proposed 11 recommendations covering terminology, diagnosis, evaluation treatment, and rehabilitation, etc., aiming to standardize the management of CSCIWFD.

Acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS) is one of the most common sport injuries, with high incidence, recurrence and disability rates. Currently, exercise rehabilitation-based non-surgical treatment is the primary management approach for ALAS. However, there remain improper practices such as excessive immobilization or uncontrolled activity, which contribute to recurrent sprains and chronic ankle instability, significantly impairing patients′ athletic function and quality of life. To standardize the non-surgical management of ALAS, improve the cure rates, and reduce the recurrence and disability rates, Chinese Sports Rehabilitation Medicine Training Project of Chinese Medical Association, Foot and Ankle Basics and Orthopedics Group, Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Sports Medicine Branch of Jiangsu Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate Expert consensus on non-surgical treatment for acute lateral ankle sprain ( version 2025), following the principles of scientific vigor, practicality, and innovation. Thirteen recommendations were proposed for standardized treatment protocols across different healing phases, aiming to provide references for standard management of ALAS and improve the therapeutic outcomes.

Vertebral refracture following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is commonly seen in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). It can lead to recurrent pain, loss of vertebral height, progression of kyphosis, and even neurological dysfunction, significantly impairing patients′ quality of life. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges, including high misdiagnosis rate, difficulty in choosing between surgical and non-surgical treatment options, lack of standardized surgical protocols, interference from intralesional bone cement during procedures, inadequate stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone, and suboptimal compliance of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Establishing a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework is urgently needed. To standardize the management process and improve outcomes for vertebral refractures after PVA in elderly OTLCF patients, Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field to develop Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025), based on current literature and clinical experience, and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability. A total of 11 recommendations were proposed, encompassing diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of vertebral refracture after PVA in elderly patients with OTLCF, aiming to provide a foundation for a standardized management.

Objective:To explore the effects of anlotinib on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of thyroid cancer cells, and investigate its role in inducing redifferentiation and enhancing iodine uptake capacity, providing a preliminary evaluation of its efficacy in tumor treatment.Methods:(1)The cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and different concentrations (0, 1/4 half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50), 1/2IC 50, IC 50) of anlotinib were used to treat CAL62 and FTC133 thyroid cancer cells for 24h. The clonogenic formation experiment, cellular activity and drug toxicity staining, scratch healing assay, and apoptosis in situ fluorescence staining were employed to assess cell clonogenicity, apoptosis, and migration abilities. (2) CAL62 and FTC133 cells were treated with various concentrations of anlotinib, and changes in the expression levels of iodine metabolism-related proteins (sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR)) were detected using Western blot. (3) Iodine uptake experiments were conducted to observe changes in the iodine uptake functionality of thyroid cancer cells following treatment with different concentrations of anlotinib for 24 h. (4) The thyroid cancer xenograft nude mouse models were established and divided into control group (physiological saline), low-dose group (1mg/kg), medium-dose group (2mg/kg), and high-dose group (4mg/kg). Mice were treated with varying doses of the drug, the therapeutic effects and the changes in iodine harvesting function on tumors were evaluated. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison among groups. Results:Anlotinib treatment resulted in significantly reduced cell viability, decreased clonogenic formation, increased apoptosis rates, and reduced scratch healing rates in CAL62 and FTC133 cells ( F values: 53.75-211.90, all P<0.001). After anlotinib treatment, the levels of iodine metabolism-related proteins (NIS, TPO and TSHR) significantly increased ( F values: 21.14-710.00, all P<0.001), and iodine uptake rates in thyroid cancer cells also increased significantly ( F values: 36.45, 32.34, both P<0.001). The nude mouse treatment experiment showed tumor growth in the anlotinib treatment group was inhibited, and tumors iodine uptake rates were increased, both were statistically significant ( F values: 74.09, 38.22, both P<0.001). Conclusions:Anlotinib can inhibit thyroid cancer proliferation and growth, promote apoptosis, reduce cell migration capabilities, induce thyroid cancer cells redifferentiation, and enhance iodine uptake capacity. Anlotinib can induce the redifferentiation of thyroid cancer at the animal level and has better efficacy.