ObjectiveTo summarize the application experience of the "Three-Separation" model in the pre-service training of laboratory animal practitioners and scientifically evaluate its training effectiveness. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 8 009 practitioners who participated in pre-service training at the Fujian Provincial Laboratory Animal Training Base from January 2010 to December 2025. Among them, 1 250 trainees from January 2010 to December 2017 were included in the control group (traditional training model), and 6 759 trainees from January 2018 to December 2025 were included in the evaluation group ("Three-Separation" model, based on separating job requirements, differentiating exam content, and categorizing exam methods). Meanwhile, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate training effectiveness, yielding 1 624 valid questionnaires (585 from the control group and 1 039 from the evaluation group). The "Three-Separation" model simultaneously optimized fee structures to improve affordability and inclusiveness. The comprehensive competencies and training satisfaction of the two groups after training were compared and analyzed using the independent sample t-test, χ² test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ResultsThe overall satisfaction rate of the evaluation group was 92.49% (961/1 039), significantly higher than that of the control group (77.78%, 455/585), with a highly significant difference (χ²=72.50, P<0.001). The evaluation group showed a more favorable distribution of positive, neutral, and negative ratings in dimensions such as course pertinence, time flexibility, assessment rationality, and reasonableness of fees, and the positive rating rates were highly significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001). The comprehensive pass rate of the evaluation group (95.53%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (86.24%), with a highly significant difference (P<0.001). ConclusionThe scientific application of the "Three-Separation" model can accurately match the competency requirements of different positions, optimize the training and assessment system, reduce participation barriers by making training fees more affordable and accessible, effectively improve the comprehensive quality and training satisfaction of laboratory animal practitioners, achieve better teaching outcomes, and provide replicable and promotable practical references for the standardized upgrading of the training system in the laboratory animal industry and other industries.

The innate immune system can be boosted in response to subsequent triggers by pre-exposure to microbes or microbial products, known as “trained immunity”. Compared to classical immune memory, innate trained immunity has several different features. Firstly, the molecules involved in trained immunity differ from those involved in classical immune memory. Innate trained immunity mainly involves innate immune cells (e.g., myeloid immune cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells) and their effector molecules (e.g., pattern recognition receptor (PRR), various cytokines), as well as some kinds of non-immune cells (e.g., microglial cells). Secondly, the increased responsiveness to secondary stimuli during innate trained immunity is not specific to a particular pathogen, but influences epigenetic reprogramming in the cell through signaling pathways, leading to the sustained changes in genes transcriptional process, which ultimately affects cellular physiology without permanent genetic changes (e.g., mutations or recombination). Finally, innate trained immunity relies on an altered functional state of innate immune cells that could persist for weeks to months after initial stimulus removal. An appropriate inducer could induce trained immunity in innate lymphocytes, such as exogenous stimulants (including vaccines) and endogenous stimulants, which was firstly discovered in bone marrow derived immune cells. However, mature bone marrow derived immune cells are short-lived cells, that may not be able to transmit memory phenotypes to their offspring and provide long-term protection. Therefore, trained immunity is more likely to be relied on long-lived cells, such as epithelial stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells and non-immune cells such as fibroblasts. Epigenetic reprogramming is one of the key molecular mechanisms that induces trained immunity, including DNA modifications, non-coding RNAs, histone modifications and chromatin remodeling. In addition to epigenetic reprogramming, different cellular metabolic pathways are involved in the regulation of innate trained immunity, including aerobic glycolysis, glutamine catabolism, cholesterol metabolism and fatty acid synthesis, through a series of intracellular cascade responses triggered by the recognition of PRR specific ligands. In the view of evolutionary, trained immunity is beneficial in enhancing protection against secondary infections with an induction in the evolutionary protective process against infections. Therefore, innate trained immunity plays an important role in therapy against diseases such as tumors and infections, which has signature therapeutic effects in these diseases. In organ transplantation, trained immunity has been associated with acute rejection, which prolongs the survival of allografts. However, trained immunity is not always protective but pathological in some cases, and dysregulated trained immunity contributes to the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Trained immunity provides a novel form of immune memory, but when inappropriately activated, may lead to an attack on tissues, causing autoinflammation. In autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis, trained immunity may lead to enhance inflammation and tissue lesion in diseased regions. In Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, trained immunity may lead to over-activation of microglial cells, triggering neuroinflammation even nerve injury. This paper summarizes the basis and mechanisms of innate trained immunity, including the different cell types involved, the impacts on diseases and the effects as a therapeutic strategy to provide novel ideas for different diseases.

AIM To optimize the extraction process for total polyphenols from Conioselinum vaginatu(Spreng.)Thell.,make component analysis,and evaluate their anti-oxidant,hypoglycemic activities.METHODS The effects of ultrasound,enzymatic hydrolysis,acid hydrolysis,alcohol extraction and hydrolysis processes on the extraction quantity of total polyphenols were investigated,respectively.With extraction temperature,extraction time,ethanol concetration and liquid-solid ratio as influencing factors,extraction quantity of total polyphenols as an evaluation index,the extraction process was optimized by response surface method.HPLC was adopted in the identification of polyphenolic composition and determination of their contents.Subsequently,total polyphenols' scavenging capacities on DPPH,ABTS,OH free radicals,total reducing power and inhibitory capacity on α-glucosidase were determined.RESULTS The highest extraction quantity of total polyphenols was observable when extraction process was employed.The optimal conditions were determined to be 62 ℃ for extraction temperature,54 min for extraction time,69％for ethanol concentration,and 50∶1 for liquid-solid ratio,the extraction quantity of total polyphenols was(9.51±0.2)mg GAE/g.Seven constituents existed in C.vaginatu,among which ferulic acid demonstrated the highest content,followed by that of myricetin,while D-tryptophan content was the lowest.At the concentration of 7.61 mg/L,total polyphenols displayed the scavenging rates on DPPH,ABTS,OH free radicals of 80.70％,85.97％,28.60％,total reducing power of 0.22,and inhibition rate on α-glucosidase of 77.23％,respectively.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the extraction of total polyphenols from C.vaginatum with strong anti-oxidant,hypoglycemic activities.

Cervical spinal cord injury without fracture-dislocation (CSCIWFD) is referred to as a special type of cervical spinal cord injury characterized by traumatic spinal cord dysfunction and no significant bony structural abnormalities on imagines. Duo to the high risk of missed diagnosis during the initial consultation, CSCIWFD may lead to progressive neurological deterioration or even complete paralysis, severely impacting patients′ prognosis. Currently, there are no established consensuses over the diagnosis and treatment of CSCIWFD, such as the lack of evidence-based standards for indications of non-surgical treatment and risk of secondary neurological injury, as well as debates over the optimal timing for surgical intervention and indications for different surgical approaches. To address these issues, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the relevant fields to formulate Diagnosis and treatment guideline for acute cervical spinal cord injury without fracture- dislocation in adults ( version 2025) . Based on evidence-based medicine and the principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability, the guidelines proposed 11 recommendations covering terminology, diagnosis, evaluation treatment, and rehabilitation, etc., aiming to standardize the management of CSCIWFD.

Objective:To explore the risk factors for primary Sjogren′s syndrome-associated interstitial lung diseases (pSS-ILD) and to evaluate the diagnostic value of NLR and other predictors of pSS-ILD.Methods:A retrospective study of 63 patients with pSS-ILD and 201 patients with pSS visited our hospital from January 2016 to December 2023 was conducted. The general characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory indicators and treatment of the patients were collected. Correlation analyses were performed using the point bi-serial correlation test and Spearman′s Rho test, and binary logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the risk factors for the development of pSS-ILD. We assessed the value of diagnostic tools in relation to pSS-ILD by plotting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:①The proportion of males(14.29% vs. 4.48%, χ2=7.26, P=0.007), age at onset [(53±13)years old vs. (47±15)years old, t=2.55, P=0.011], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)[3.52(2.28, 6.49) vs. 1.64(1.23, 3.12), Z=-5.94, P<0.001], systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) [653.34(328.08, 1 393.54) vs. 316.56(185.57, 593.65), Z=-5.26, P<0.001], C-reactive protein (CRP) [3.53(2.95, 9.76)mg/L vs. 2.82(1.67, 5.00)g/L, Z=-2.24, P=0.025], complement C3 [0.93(0.84, 1.02)g/L vs. 0.76(0.66, 0.85)g/L, Z=-5.33, P<0.001], and ESSDAI [4(3, 6) vs. 2(2, 4), Z=-5.70, P<0.001] levels were higher in the pSS-ILD than in non-ILD group, while the proportion of dry eyes (62.7%, χ2=13.37, P<0.001), proportion of anti-SSA/Ro60 antibody positivity (76.1%, χ2=8.77, P=0.012), rheumatoid factor (RF) positiveity [25.90(20.00, 83.30)U/ml, Z=-3.58, P<0.001], immunoglobulin G (IgG)[15.60(12.30, 21.90)g/L, Z=-3.28, P=0.001], immunoglobulin A (IgA)[3.21(2.32, 3.76)g/L, Z=-2.22, P=0.026], and immunoglobulin M (IgM)[1.29(0.93, 1.86)g/L, Z=-4.02, P<0.001) levels were higher in the non-ILD group. ②Correlation analysis showed that age at onset ( r=0.16, P<0.011), NLR ( r=0.43, P<0.001), SII ( r=0.41, P<0.001), and C3 ( r=0.27, P<0.001) were positively correlated with pSS-ILD, whereas IgG ( r=-0.18, P=0.005), IgM ( r=-0.19, P=0.002) were negatively correlated with pSS-ILD. Meanwhile, age at onset ( r=0.27, P<0.001), NLR ( r=0.30, P<0.001), and SII ( r=0.27, P<0.001) were positively correlated with ESSDAI score. ③Regression analysis showed that high levels of NLR[ OR(95% CI)=2.559(1.650, 3.969), P<0.001], C3[ OR(95% CI)=35.228(5.685, 218.309), P<0.001] might be risk factors for pSS-ILD. ④The area under the curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of pSS-ILD by NLR was 0.748, with a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 97.01% and 39.68%, respectively; the AUC for C3 was 0.727, with a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 66.67% and 79.03%, respectively; and the AUC for the joint predictive probability (Pre_1) of NLR and C3 was 0.812, with a sensitivity and specificity of 93.33% and 54.84%, respectively. Conclusion:High levels of NLR, C3 may be risk factors for pSS-ILD. NLR and C3 are adjunctive tools for the diagnosis of pSS-ILD, and the combination of the two increases the predictive value.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To report a case of tibial synovial sarcoma and review relevant literature to enhance understanding of this disease.Methods The clinical data of a patient with tibial synovial sarcoma treated at Kaifeng Central Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.A literature search was conducted in domestic and international databases,including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data,PubMed,Web of Science,and Embase,up to July 2024.Relevant literature was comprehensively reviewed to summarize the imaging and pathological characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of synovial sarcoma.Results A 29-year-old female patient was admitted with left lower extremity pain.X-ray examination revealed a proximal tibia space-occupying lesion suggestive of malignancy,and a mid-tibial space-occupying lesion considered benign.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)and plain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of the proximal tibial lesion also suggested malignancy.Ultrasound-guided biopsy of the proximal tibial tumor revealed a poorly differentiated malignant tumor.Immunohistochemistry results indicated monophasic synovial sarcoma,requiring genetic testing for definitive diagnosis.The patient underwent wide resection of the proximal left tibial malignancy with tumor-type artificial joint replacement,combined with curettage and bone cement filling for the left mid-tibial lesion under anesthesia.Postoperative pathology of space-occupying lesions in the proximal tibia confirmed monophasic synovial sarcoma,and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)demonstrated a rupture of the synovial sarcoma translocation gene(SYT)(i.e.,SS18 positive).There was no recurrence or metastasis found in the patient during the reexamination 6 months after postoperative chemotherapy.As of July 2024,15 cases of genetically confirmed primary intraosseous synovial sarcoma have been reported internationally.Symptoms included pain and swelling,with a medical history of 1-2 years.The X-ray and CT findings showed osteolytic destruction with bone cortical discontinuity.In 13 cases,the intraosseous masses extended to the extraosseous area;in 2 cases,punctate calcifications were detected within the masses.Plain MRI scan showed iso-signal or hypo-signal on T1WI and hyper-signal,iso-signal,and hypo-signal on fat-suppressed T2WI,and enhanced MRI scan demonstrated heterogeneous enhancement.Pathological examination showed spindle-shaped cells under microscopy.Immunohistochemistry results showed positive epithelial membrane antigen(EMA),broad-spectrum cytokeratin(AE1/AE3),Ewing's sarcoma marker(CD99),and transducin-like enhancer of Split 1(TLE1).Twelve patients underwent surgical treatment;6 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery,of whom 4 developed local recurrence or distant metastasis at initial diagnosis,and 3 died during follow-up.Among the 6 patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy,3 suffered from recurrence or distant metastasis.Conclusions Primary intraosseous synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor with non-specific clinical manifestations.Imaging features typically include osteolytic destruction and intraosseous masses extending extraosseously,suggesting an intraosseous origin.Pathology and immunohistochemistry aid diagnosis,but definitive confirmation relies on further genetic testing.At present,the main treatment regimens for synovial sarcoma involve comprehensive therapies such as surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy,and the prognosis of patients is poor.

Objective To observe the morphology of the superficial,middle,and deep layers of the masseter muscle and related bony structures in the lateral facial region of adults through gross anatomy,and to probe into the effects of these muscle layers on the bony structures of the lateral facial region.Methods The bilateral masseter muscles of 12 adult cadavers were exposed,and the superficial,middle,and deep layers were separated and measured for muscle length,tendon length,and muscle belly length.After the masseter muscles were stripped,the total thickness was measured,and the mandible and zygomatic arch were exposed to measure the angle of the mandibular angle,thickness of the zygomatic arch,and width of the zygomatic arch.Observations were made of the masseter tuberosities,and statistical analysis was conducted on their interrelations.Results The zygomatic arch thickness was positively correlated with the length of superficial,middle and deep masseter muscles and the length of superficial and middle masseter belly(r superficial masseter length=0.624,r middle masseter length=0.787,r deep masseter length=0.423,r superficial masseter belly length=0.493,r middle masseter belly length=0.548).The width of the zygomatic arch was positively correlated with the lengths of the superficial and middle muscle layers and the middle muscle belly length(r superficial masseter length=0.527,r middle masseter length=0.521,r middle masseterbelly length=0.437).The angle of the mandibular angle was only negatively correlated with the middle muscle belly length(r=-0.422).The tuberosities of the superficial and middle masseter muscles were not affected by the corresponding muscle layers;However,the tuberosity of the deep masseter was negatively correlated with the length of the deep muscle and the length of the deep tendon(r deep masseter length=-0.543,r deep masseter tendon length=-0.443).Conclusion In the masseter muscle layers of Chinese individuals,the superficial and middle layers have the most significant impact on the bony structures structures of the lateral facial region.These findings are of guiding significance for the remodeling of structures in the lateral facial region.

Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen signaling on T-cell recruitment and polarization in acutely injured skeletal muscle.Methods One hundred C57BL/6 male mice,one hundred and eighty C57BL/6 female mice were selected.Twenty-five female mice were ovariectomized(OVX)and 10 male mice were taken as the sham-operated(sham).Then,cardiotoxin(CTX)induced tibialis anterior(TA)injury for preparing mice myoinjury model.Subcutaneous injection of 17β-estradiol(E2)or estrogen receptor antagonist 4-hydroxytamoxifen(4-OHT)was performed.A total of 140 mice(70 males and 70 females)were divided into four group including:PBS-male,CTX-male,PBS-female,and CTX-female.Serum estradiol(E2)levels were measured by ELISA,and muscle injury models were validated via HE staining.Subsequently,20 male and 20 female mice were selected for immunofluorescence(IF)and Real-time PCR to assess estrogen receptors(ER)expression in injured muscle tissue.Further,10 male and 40 female mice were allocated into five experimental groups,including CTX,CTX+E2,CTX+4-OHT,CTX+OVX,CTX+sham.HE staining and IF were performed to evaluate inflammatory infiltration in the injured muscle.Additionally,50 female mice were divided into CTX and CTX+OVX groups,and IF combined with flow cytometry were used to analyze T-cell phenotypes and muscle fiber regeneration in the injured muscle.Results In vivo,serum E2 and myofiber ERβ increased post-injury in mice of both sexes,significantly higher in females.Compared to the control group,E2 alleviated inflammation,OVX exacerbated inflammation,increased CD4+T-cell infiltration,elevated T helper 1 cell(Th1)response,decreased regulatory T cells(Tregs),impaired regeneration.In vitro,IFN-γ/LPS significantly upregulated ERβ in myotubes.Conclusion Estrogen signaling critically regulates muscle inflammation.Estrogen deficiency(OVX)delays repair of skeletal muscle by promoting Th1 response and suppressing Tregs function.

Objective To analyze the effects of left bundle branch area pacing(LBBaP)on atrial fibrillation occurrence after dual-chamber pacemaker implantation.Methods The medical records of 87 patients who underwent dual-chamber pacemaker implantation at People's Hospital between May 2021 and September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to different implantation methods,the patients were divided into an observation group(n=45)and a control group(n=42).The control group received traditional right ventricular pacing(RVP),while the observation group received LBBaP.Serum N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),QRS onset-to-end duration(QRSd),echocardiographic parameters,cardiac pacing parameters,complications,atrial high-rate events,and atrial fibrillation incidence were compared between the two groups.Results Twelve months after surgery,serum NT-proBNP levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),and QRS duration(QRSd)was shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)or left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD)between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively(P＞0.05).Left atrial diameter(LAD)was smaller in the observation group than in the control group at 12 months postoperatively(P＜0.05).No significant differences were observed in sensing levels or the proportion of cardiac pacing between the two groups(P＞0.05).However,the proportion of ventricular pacing was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Intraoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively,impedance levels were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05),while threshold values were higher in the observation group(P＜0.05).Total complication rates did not differ significantly between the two groups(P＞0.05).At 12 months postoperatively,the incidence of atrial fibrillation was similar between the two groups(P＞0.05),but the incidence of atrial high-rate events was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).At 24 months postoperatively,both the incidence of atrial high-rate events and atrial fibrillation were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with traditional RVP implantation,LBBaP implantation can significantly improve left heart function,provide more stable pacing parameters,and reduce the risk of long-term atrial high-rate events and atrial fibrillation.The risk of complications is similar for both groups,but LBBaP implantation increases the pacing threshold.