Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is characterized by bidi-rectional bone remodeling imbalance,clinically termed the "high resorption-low formation" paradox,stemming not only from osteoclast hyperactivation but also critically involving pro-found suppression of osteoblast differentiation and function.No-tably,this suppression cannot be fully attributed to osteoclast hyperactivity;synovium-resident immune cells exert a pivotal regulatory influence through distinct mechanisms.This review systematically examines how synovial immune cells orchestrate bone remodeling in RA through both paracrine cytokine networks and direct cell-cell communication with bone lineage cells,thereby perturbing physiological homeostasis and driving patho-logical progression.These mechanistic revelations yield innova-tive perspectives on RA pathogenesis,positioning immune-medi-ated osteoimmune dysregulation as a promising therapeutic fron-tier for targeted intervention.

Objective To develop a novel type of transparent simulation manikin as a surgical training model to meet the surgical treatment demand on the medical train.Methods A transparent manikin was developed with the steps of basic data collection,motherboard design and manufacture and module production and assembly.Firstly,basic data collection was carried out with reference to standardized human anatomy and parameters.Secondly,some software such as UG NX7.5 was used to construct the motherboard of the manikin.Finally,module production and assembly were performed with the materials of acrylic,transparent rubber,silicone and hydrogel and the technology of silicone infusion.Results The transparent manikin developed had its anatomy structure close to that of the real body and high visuality for its internal and external components,which simulated a variety of war wounds and thus could be integrated with the surgical training scenarios on the medical train effectively.Conclusion The transparent manikin developed is characterized by high visuality,modularity and blood flow,and meets the demands for surgical training on the medical train.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):111-115]

Objective To develop a novel type of transparent simulation manikin as a surgical training model to meet the surgical treatment demand on the medical train.Methods A transparent manikin was developed with the steps of basic data collection,motherboard design and manufacture and module production and assembly.Firstly,basic data collection was carried out with reference to standardized human anatomy and parameters.Secondly,some software such as UG NX7.5 was used to construct the motherboard of the manikin.Finally,module production and assembly were performed with the materials of acrylic,transparent rubber,silicone and hydrogel and the technology of silicone infusion.Results The transparent manikin developed had its anatomy structure close to that of the real body and high visuality for its internal and external components,which simulated a variety of war wounds and thus could be integrated with the surgical training scenarios on the medical train effectively.Conclusion The transparent manikin developed is characterized by high visuality,modularity and blood flow,and meets the demands for surgical training on the medical train.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):111-115]

Objective:To assess the safety,efficacy and potential impact of stem cell therapy(SCT)in improving erectile dys-function(ED).Methods:A comprehensive search strategy was used to search the literatures on safety and efficacy evaluation of stem cell(SC)in the treatment of ED by human clinical trials from PubMed,Embase and Web of science databases with a search time frame from database creation to July 4,2024.The exclusion criteria were as follows:reviews,conference abstracts,animal experi-ments,and duplicate sample literature.Results:The study initially screened 1 773 papers,and 17 were included in the final analy-sis.These studies involved a total of 269 ED patients,and a variety of sources of stem cells had been used in the treatment of ED,in-cluding adipose-derived stem cells,bone marrow-derived stem cells,placental stroma-derived stem cells,umbilical cord-derived stem cells,dental pulp-derived stem cells,and oral mucosa-derived stem cells.All studies were conducted by injecting stem cells into the cavernous body of the penis,but there is no fixed standard for the amount of injection,injection site and number of injections.The op-timal treatment mode was still being explored.Patients' International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF)scores and Erection Hardness Score(EHS),peak systolic velocity(PSV),and end diastolic velocity(EDV)improved after treatment.But some studies showed that the efficacy of the treatment diminished with increasing time.No serious adverse effects were reported in any of the studies and none of the adverse effects persisted for a long period of time.The most common adverse effects included injection site reactions,and SCT showed a good safety and tolerability profile.Conclusion:SCT has the potential to be a promising and innovative regenerative therapy option for ED patients.In the future,with the advancement of stem cell technology,larger randomized controlled studies should continue to be conducted to explore standardized treatments,so as to further evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of SCT for ED.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is characterized by bidi-rectional bone remodeling imbalance,clinically termed the "high resorption-low formation" paradox,stemming not only from osteoclast hyperactivation but also critically involving pro-found suppression of osteoblast differentiation and function.No-tably,this suppression cannot be fully attributed to osteoclast hyperactivity;synovium-resident immune cells exert a pivotal regulatory influence through distinct mechanisms.This review systematically examines how synovial immune cells orchestrate bone remodeling in RA through both paracrine cytokine networks and direct cell-cell communication with bone lineage cells,thereby perturbing physiological homeostasis and driving patho-logical progression.These mechanistic revelations yield innova-tive perspectives on RA pathogenesis,positioning immune-medi-ated osteoimmune dysregulation as a promising therapeutic fron-tier for targeted intervention.

AIM:A strain was isolated and identified as the H3N8 subtype of the avian influenza virus from a sick chicken at a farm in Yangjiang,Guangdong Province,named A/chicken/Yangjiang/552/2023(abbreviated as YJ/552).The aim of this research is to determine its genetic evolution,biological properties and pathogenicity in hamsters.This study may provide a theoretical strategy for preventing and treating the H3N8 subtype avian influenza virus-induced epidemic.METHODS:A strain of H3N8 avian influenza virus from chickens was characterised by phylogenetic analy-sis,antigenic diversity,receptor-binding specificity,neuraminidase activity,replication,and transmission in hamsters and a systematic pathological analysis was conducted.RESULTS:This novel avian influenza virus was generated through complex recombination of Eurasian avian H3 genes,North American avian N8 genes and six internal genes of H9N2 sub-type AIV.The cleavage site of the outer protein,HA,was PEKQTR↓GLF,which is characteristic of the low pathogenic avian influenza virus.The HA gene of YJ/552 exhibited the highest nucleotide homology with A/China/ZMD-22-2/2022(H3N8)at 99.09%,while the NA gene showed the highest homology with A/chicken/Dongguan/879/2022(H3N8)at 99.01%.This strain preferentially binds to avian-type receptors and could bind to human-type receptors.This virus could effectively replicate in the trachea and lungs of inoculated and contact hamsters.CONCLUSION:YJ/552 is a recombi-nant H3N8 avian influenza virus replicated in the upper respiratory system and transmitted in hamsters.This study pro-vides data support for the early warning and prevention of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses.

Objective To explore the effect of endoscopic surgery via trans-axilloareolar sternocleidomastoid intermuscular approach for unilateral thyroid cancer.Methods A total of 116 patients with unilateral thyroid cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to March 2023 were selected,and all of them underwent unilateral thyroidectomy+isthmus resection+central lymph node dissection under endoscopy.The patients were divided into the observation group and the control group according to random number table method,with 58 cases in each group.Patients in the observation group received the trans-axilloareolar sternocleidomastoid intermuscular approach,and patients in the control group received subclavian approach.The surgical-related indicators,stress indicators[adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),norepinephrine(NE),cortisol(Cor)]before and after surgery,parathyroid hormone(PTH),blood calcium level,postoperative incision aesthetics satisfaction,and occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,or postoperative drainage volume of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).The dissection number of lymph nodes in the central region of patients in the observation group was greater than that in the control group(P<0.05).In the two groups,the levels of NE,Cor,and ACTH 1 day and 3 days after surgery were higher than those before surgery(P<0.05),and the levels of NE,Cor and ACTH 1 day after surgery were higher than those 3 days after surgery(P<0.05);the levels of NE,Cor and ACTH 1 day and 3 days after surgery of patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).In the two groups,the levels of PTH and serum calcium 1 day and 3 days after surgery were lower than those before surgery(P<0.05),and the levels of PTH and serum calcium 3 days after surgery were lower than those 1 day after surgery(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the levels of PTH or serum calcium 1 day and 3 days after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).The satisfaction of postoperative incision aesthetics in the observation group(100%)was higher than that in the control group(72.41%),with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Endoscopic surgery via trans-axilloareolar sternocleidomastoid intermuscular approach is safe and feasible for unilateral thyroid cancer,which has a mild stress response and inconspicuous incisions,with high satisfaction of incision aesthetics for patients.

AIM:A strain was isolated and identified as the H3N8 subtype of the avian influenza virus from a sick chicken at a farm in Yangjiang,Guangdong Province,named A/chicken/Yangjiang/552/2023(abbreviated as YJ/552).The aim of this research is to determine its genetic evolution,biological properties and pathogenicity in hamsters.This study may provide a theoretical strategy for preventing and treating the H3N8 subtype avian influenza virus-induced epidemic.METHODS:A strain of H3N8 avian influenza virus from chickens was characterised by phylogenetic analy-sis,antigenic diversity,receptor-binding specificity,neuraminidase activity,replication,and transmission in hamsters and a systematic pathological analysis was conducted.RESULTS:This novel avian influenza virus was generated through complex recombination of Eurasian avian H3 genes,North American avian N8 genes and six internal genes of H9N2 sub-type AIV.The cleavage site of the outer protein,HA,was PEKQTR↓GLF,which is characteristic of the low pathogenic avian influenza virus.The HA gene of YJ/552 exhibited the highest nucleotide homology with A/China/ZMD-22-2/2022(H3N8)at 99.09%,while the NA gene showed the highest homology with A/chicken/Dongguan/879/2022(H3N8)at 99.01%.This strain preferentially binds to avian-type receptors and could bind to human-type receptors.This virus could effectively replicate in the trachea and lungs of inoculated and contact hamsters.CONCLUSION:YJ/552 is a recombi-nant H3N8 avian influenza virus replicated in the upper respiratory system and transmitted in hamsters.This study pro-vides data support for the early warning and prevention of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses.

Objective To investigate the status of population dynamics and distribution changes of Aedes aegypti in Guangdong Province.Methods Continuous monitoring was conducted from May 2018 to July 2024 in Wushi Town and Qishui Town,Leizhou City,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province.Additionally,a survey of the distribution of Ae.aegypti along the Leizhou Peninsula coast was carried out.Results The density of Ae.aegypti in Zhanjiang showed a gradual decline from 2018 to 2024.The last detection of adult Ae.aegypti in Wushi Town was in September 2021,and the last larva was found in October 2023.No Ae.aegypti was detected in Qishui Town during surveys from 2021 to 2024.A survey of 18 coastal villages in the Leizhou Peninsula revealed no detections of Ae.aegypti.Conclusions This study provides a basis for understanding the distribution and population density fluctuations of Ae.aegypti,assessing its invasion risk,and scientifically conducting relevant prevention and control efforts.

Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy, impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation. The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial, involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system, instrument-related factors, and instrumentation techniques. Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal, posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes. Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible, it carries risks including perforation, excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures. Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors, meticulous preoperative assessment, and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty. The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes. The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes, risk factors, and clinical management principles of instrument separation. By integrating effective strategies, endodontists can enhance decision-making, improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
Humans ; Root Canal Therapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Root Canal Preparation/adverse effects*