Purpose: Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is a common issue among postpartum women, resulting in abdominal muscle weakness and associated problems such as back pain and urinary incontinence. However, compliance with exercise programs is often poor due to childcare demands. This study aims to assess changes in ultrasound parameters (inter-recti distance [IRD], shear wave elastography [SWE]) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) related to DRA following an online exercise program. Methods: Sixty-seven women aged 25–35 years, who had undergone single vaginal delivery, participated in an8-week exercise program delivered via a mobile app. Pre- and post-intervention ultrasound parameters and clinical scores for low back pain (LBP) and urinary incontinence were compared. Results: After the 8-week program, IRD decreased and SWE increased significantly. PROs, including scores for LBP and urinary incontinence, showed significant improvement. Subgroup analysis based on initial IRD diagnostic criteria for DRA revealed significant improvements in ultrasound parameters and PROs in both groups, with greater improvements observed in those initially diagnosed with clinical DRA. Conclusion The 8-week online exercise program through mobile application reduced IRD, SWE, and LBP-related disability and stress urinary incontinence. In particular, IRD showed a larger decrease than the decrease reported in a recent meta-analysis. These results suggest that an online exercise program

Purpose: Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is a common issue among postpartum women, resulting in abdominal muscle weakness and associated problems such as back pain and urinary incontinence. However, compliance with exercise programs is often poor due to childcare demands. This study aims to assess changes in ultrasound parameters (inter-recti distance [IRD], shear wave elastography [SWE]) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) related to DRA following an online exercise program. Methods: Sixty-seven women aged 25–35 years, who had undergone single vaginal delivery, participated in an8-week exercise program delivered via a mobile app. Pre- and post-intervention ultrasound parameters and clinical scores for low back pain (LBP) and urinary incontinence were compared. Results: After the 8-week program, IRD decreased and SWE increased significantly. PROs, including scores for LBP and urinary incontinence, showed significant improvement. Subgroup analysis based on initial IRD diagnostic criteria for DRA revealed significant improvements in ultrasound parameters and PROs in both groups, with greater improvements observed in those initially diagnosed with clinical DRA. Conclusion The 8-week online exercise program through mobile application reduced IRD, SWE, and LBP-related disability and stress urinary incontinence. In particular, IRD showed a larger decrease than the decrease reported in a recent meta-analysis. These results suggest that an online exercise program

Background: Islet transplantation holds promise for treating selected type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, yet the scarcity of human donor organs impedes widespread adoption. Porcine islets, deemed a viable alternative, recently demonstrated successful longterm survival without zoonotic risks in a clinically relevant pig-to-non-human primate islet transplantation model. This success prompted the development of a clinical trial protocol for porcine islet xenotransplantation in humans. Methods: A single-center, open-label clinical trial initiated by the sponsor will assess the safety and efficacy of porcine islet transplantation for diabetes patients at Gachon Hospital. The protocol received approval from the Gachon Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) under the Investigational New Drug (IND) process. Two diabetic patients, experiencing inadequate glycemic control despite intensive insulin treatment and frequent hypoglycemic unawareness, will be enrolled. Participants and their family members will engage in deliberation before xenotransplantation during the screening period. Each patient will receive islets isolated from designated pathogen-free pigs. Immunosuppressants and systemic infection prophylaxis will follow the program schedule. The primary endpoint is to confirm the safety of porcine islets in patients, and the secondary endpoint is to assess whether porcine islets can reduce insulin dose and the frequency of hypoglycemic unawareness. Conclusion A clinical trial protocol adhering to global consensus guidelines for porcine islet xenotransplantation is presented, facilitating streamlined implementation of comparable human trials worldwide.

Background: Islet transplantation holds promise for treating selected type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, yet the scarcity of human donor organs impedes widespread adoption. Porcine islets, deemed a viable alternative, recently demonstrated successful longterm survival without zoonotic risks in a clinically relevant pig-to-non-human primate islet transplantation model. This success prompted the development of a clinical trial protocol for porcine islet xenotransplantation in humans. Methods: A single-center, open-label clinical trial initiated by the sponsor will assess the safety and efficacy of porcine islet transplantation for diabetes patients at Gachon Hospital. The protocol received approval from the Gachon Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) under the Investigational New Drug (IND) process. Two diabetic patients, experiencing inadequate glycemic control despite intensive insulin treatment and frequent hypoglycemic unawareness, will be enrolled. Participants and their family members will engage in deliberation before xenotransplantation during the screening period. Each patient will receive islets isolated from designated pathogen-free pigs. Immunosuppressants and systemic infection prophylaxis will follow the program schedule. The primary endpoint is to confirm the safety of porcine islets in patients, and the secondary endpoint is to assess whether porcine islets can reduce insulin dose and the frequency of hypoglycemic unawareness. Conclusion A clinical trial protocol adhering to global consensus guidelines for porcine islet xenotransplantation is presented, facilitating streamlined implementation of comparable human trials worldwide.

Purpose: Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is a common issue among postpartum women, resulting in abdominal muscle weakness and associated problems such as back pain and urinary incontinence. However, compliance with exercise programs is often poor due to childcare demands. This study aims to assess changes in ultrasound parameters (inter-recti distance [IRD], shear wave elastography [SWE]) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) related to DRA following an online exercise program. Methods: Sixty-seven women aged 25–35 years, who had undergone single vaginal delivery, participated in an8-week exercise program delivered via a mobile app. Pre- and post-intervention ultrasound parameters and clinical scores for low back pain (LBP) and urinary incontinence were compared. Results: After the 8-week program, IRD decreased and SWE increased significantly. PROs, including scores for LBP and urinary incontinence, showed significant improvement. Subgroup analysis based on initial IRD diagnostic criteria for DRA revealed significant improvements in ultrasound parameters and PROs in both groups, with greater improvements observed in those initially diagnosed with clinical DRA. Conclusion The 8-week online exercise program through mobile application reduced IRD, SWE, and LBP-related disability and stress urinary incontinence. In particular, IRD showed a larger decrease than the decrease reported in a recent meta-analysis. These results suggest that an online exercise program

Purpose: Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is a common issue among postpartum women, resulting in abdominal muscle weakness and associated problems such as back pain and urinary incontinence. However, compliance with exercise programs is often poor due to childcare demands. This study aims to assess changes in ultrasound parameters (inter-recti distance [IRD], shear wave elastography [SWE]) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) related to DRA following an online exercise program. Methods: Sixty-seven women aged 25–35 years, who had undergone single vaginal delivery, participated in an8-week exercise program delivered via a mobile app. Pre- and post-intervention ultrasound parameters and clinical scores for low back pain (LBP) and urinary incontinence were compared. Results: After the 8-week program, IRD decreased and SWE increased significantly. PROs, including scores for LBP and urinary incontinence, showed significant improvement. Subgroup analysis based on initial IRD diagnostic criteria for DRA revealed significant improvements in ultrasound parameters and PROs in both groups, with greater improvements observed in those initially diagnosed with clinical DRA. Conclusion The 8-week online exercise program through mobile application reduced IRD, SWE, and LBP-related disability and stress urinary incontinence. In particular, IRD showed a larger decrease than the decrease reported in a recent meta-analysis. These results suggest that an online exercise program

Background: Islet transplantation holds promise for treating selected type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, yet the scarcity of human donor organs impedes widespread adoption. Porcine islets, deemed a viable alternative, recently demonstrated successful longterm survival without zoonotic risks in a clinically relevant pig-to-non-human primate islet transplantation model. This success prompted the development of a clinical trial protocol for porcine islet xenotransplantation in humans. Methods: A single-center, open-label clinical trial initiated by the sponsor will assess the safety and efficacy of porcine islet transplantation for diabetes patients at Gachon Hospital. The protocol received approval from the Gachon Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) under the Investigational New Drug (IND) process. Two diabetic patients, experiencing inadequate glycemic control despite intensive insulin treatment and frequent hypoglycemic unawareness, will be enrolled. Participants and their family members will engage in deliberation before xenotransplantation during the screening period. Each patient will receive islets isolated from designated pathogen-free pigs. Immunosuppressants and systemic infection prophylaxis will follow the program schedule. The primary endpoint is to confirm the safety of porcine islets in patients, and the secondary endpoint is to assess whether porcine islets can reduce insulin dose and the frequency of hypoglycemic unawareness. Conclusion A clinical trial protocol adhering to global consensus guidelines for porcine islet xenotransplantation is presented, facilitating streamlined implementation of comparable human trials worldwide.

Objective: This work aimed to examine the alterations in glycoconjugates in the small intestines of piglets naturally infected with PEDV using lectin histochemistry. Methods: Six piglets including three PEDV-infected and three non-infected piglets were evaluated. Small intestinal samples were histopathologically examined, and lectin histochemistry was performed. Results: Piglets infected with PEDV had significant histological abnormalities in their small intestines, such as pronounced villous atrophy, varying degrees of villous fusion, and diverse mucosal alterations. Specific regions of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum showed discernible variations in glycoconjugate distribution, as determined by lectin histochemistry.Compared with the controls, the PEDV-infected piglets showed significant changes in N-acetylglucosamine- and galactose-binding lectins (particularly wheat germ agglutinin and Arachis hypogaea (peanut) agglutinin) in multiple intestinal regions. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings can enhance understanding of how viruses such as PEDV impact the glycoconjugate composition of the small intestines and emphasize the potential connection between the pathogenesis of PEDV and glycoconjugate.

Background: Islet transplantation holds promise for treating selected type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, yet the scarcity of human donor organs impedes widespread adoption. Porcine islets, deemed a viable alternative, recently demonstrated successful longterm survival without zoonotic risks in a clinically relevant pig-to-non-human primate islet transplantation model. This success prompted the development of a clinical trial protocol for porcine islet xenotransplantation in humans. Methods: A single-center, open-label clinical trial initiated by the sponsor will assess the safety and efficacy of porcine islet transplantation for diabetes patients at Gachon Hospital. The protocol received approval from the Gachon Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) under the Investigational New Drug (IND) process. Two diabetic patients, experiencing inadequate glycemic control despite intensive insulin treatment and frequent hypoglycemic unawareness, will be enrolled. Participants and their family members will engage in deliberation before xenotransplantation during the screening period. Each patient will receive islets isolated from designated pathogen-free pigs. Immunosuppressants and systemic infection prophylaxis will follow the program schedule. The primary endpoint is to confirm the safety of porcine islets in patients, and the secondary endpoint is to assess whether porcine islets can reduce insulin dose and the frequency of hypoglycemic unawareness. Conclusion A clinical trial protocol adhering to global consensus guidelines for porcine islet xenotransplantation is presented, facilitating streamlined implementation of comparable human trials worldwide.

Purpose: Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is a common issue among postpartum women, resulting in abdominal muscle weakness and associated problems such as back pain and urinary incontinence. However, compliance with exercise programs is often poor due to childcare demands. This study aims to assess changes in ultrasound parameters (inter-recti distance [IRD], shear wave elastography [SWE]) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) related to DRA following an online exercise program. Methods: Sixty-seven women aged 25–35 years, who had undergone single vaginal delivery, participated in an8-week exercise program delivered via a mobile app. Pre- and post-intervention ultrasound parameters and clinical scores for low back pain (LBP) and urinary incontinence were compared. Results: After the 8-week program, IRD decreased and SWE increased significantly. PROs, including scores for LBP and urinary incontinence, showed significant improvement. Subgroup analysis based on initial IRD diagnostic criteria for DRA revealed significant improvements in ultrasound parameters and PROs in both groups, with greater improvements observed in those initially diagnosed with clinical DRA. Conclusion The 8-week online exercise program through mobile application reduced IRD, SWE, and LBP-related disability and stress urinary incontinence. In particular, IRD showed a larger decrease than the decrease reported in a recent meta-analysis. These results suggest that an online exercise program