Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system and ranks sixth among newly diagnosed malignant tumors worldwide. Transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） regulates cell differentiation， proliferation， apoptosis， and other physiological and pathological mechanisms and exerts cancer-suppressive and pro-cancerous dual effects in the process of tumor development. In recent years， with the continuous exploration of the mechanism of liver cancer， it has been found that the conversion of the cancer-suppressive effect into a pro-cancerous effect of this pathway plays a key role in the development of liver cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） provides a unique perspective for the classification， diagnosis， and treatment of liver cancer with its comprehensive regulatory effects of multi-components， multi-targets， and multi-pathways. This paper summarized that the cancer-suppressive mechanisms of the TGF-β signaling pathway included promoting cancer cell cycle arrest， apoptosis， autophagy， et al， while the pro-cancerous mechanisms included promoting cancer cell proliferation， invasion and metastasis， immunosuppression， angiogenesis， et al. The TCM compounds intervening this pathway were sorted out， including Jianpi Huayu compound， Fuyang Baoyuan compound， Yipi Yanggan compound， Fuzheng Jiedu compound， compound Astragalus and Salvia， Biejia Jianwan， Dahuang Zhechong pill， and Qingxiang powder. The single TCMs mainly included Schizocapsa plantaginea， Dendrobii Caulis， Gleditsia sinensis， and Dracaena cochinchinensis. The active ingredients of TCM are mainly concentrated on flavonoids， alkaloids， glycosides， phenolics， terpenoids， polysaccharides， and other kinds of compounds. At the same time， it summarized that the liver cancer inhibition mechanism of TCM by regulating this pathway mainly included promoting apoptosis of liver cancer cells， blocking the cell cycle， and inhibiting liver cancer cell proliferation， migration， invasion， angiogenesis， immune escape， etc. The mechanism aims to give full play to the advantages of TCM and precisely regulate the TGF-β signal， thereby exerting positive anti-tumor effects， opening up a new direction for the precise targeted treatment of liver cancer， and providing a scientific basis and a new strategy for the application of TCM in the treatment of liver cancer.

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system and ranks sixth among newly diagnosed malignant tumors worldwide. Transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） regulates cell differentiation， proliferation， apoptosis， and other physiological and pathological mechanisms and exerts cancer-suppressive and pro-cancerous dual effects in the process of tumor development. In recent years， with the continuous exploration of the mechanism of liver cancer， it has been found that the conversion of the cancer-suppressive effect into a pro-cancerous effect of this pathway plays a key role in the development of liver cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） provides a unique perspective for the classification， diagnosis， and treatment of liver cancer with its comprehensive regulatory effects of multi-components， multi-targets， and multi-pathways. This paper summarized that the cancer-suppressive mechanisms of the TGF-β signaling pathway included promoting cancer cell cycle arrest， apoptosis， autophagy， et al， while the pro-cancerous mechanisms included promoting cancer cell proliferation， invasion and metastasis， immunosuppression， angiogenesis， et al. The TCM compounds intervening this pathway were sorted out， including Jianpi Huayu compound， Fuyang Baoyuan compound， Yipi Yanggan compound， Fuzheng Jiedu compound， compound Astragalus and Salvia， Biejia Jianwan， Dahuang Zhechong pill， and Qingxiang powder. The single TCMs mainly included Schizocapsa plantaginea， Dendrobii Caulis， Gleditsia sinensis， and Dracaena cochinchinensis. The active ingredients of TCM are mainly concentrated on flavonoids， alkaloids， glycosides， phenolics， terpenoids， polysaccharides， and other kinds of compounds. At the same time， it summarized that the liver cancer inhibition mechanism of TCM by regulating this pathway mainly included promoting apoptosis of liver cancer cells， blocking the cell cycle， and inhibiting liver cancer cell proliferation， migration， invasion， angiogenesis， immune escape， etc. The mechanism aims to give full play to the advantages of TCM and precisely regulate the TGF-β signal， thereby exerting positive anti-tumor effects， opening up a new direction for the precise targeted treatment of liver cancer， and providing a scientific basis and a new strategy for the application of TCM in the treatment of liver cancer.

Objective To conduct a quantitative risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes(LM)in prepackaged,non-vacuum sealed,short shelf-life,ready-to-eat meat products in Chengdu using the@Risk software.Methods Based on monitoring data of LM contamination in pre-packaged,non-vacuum sealed,refrigerated ready-to-eat meat products in Chengdu obtained from a previous study,a risk assessment model was established.The risk of LM infection caused by consuming cooked meat products in different groups of people was quantitatively assessed.In addition,the growth of LM in cooked meat products,from retail to consumption,was also taken into consideration in the assessment.Results In Chengdu,the numbers of potential cases of listeriosis caused by consumption of prepackaged,non-vacuum sealed,refrigerated ready-to-eat meat products were 0.01(95％confidence interval[CI]:0-1.71 × 10-2)per year per million in healthy individuals aged 5-＜65 years old,0.22(95％CI:0-2.67 × 10-1)in healthy individuals aged 65 and above,and 2.88(95％CI:3.85 × 10-8-4.35)in pregnant women.According to the results of the sensitivity analysis,the initial pollution level of LM in the retail stage was the most important factor affecting the prevalence(R=0.25),followed by retail temperature(R=0.08),retail time(R=0.07),and amount of consumption per meal(R=0.07).Conclusions For pre-packaged,non-vacuum sealed,cooked meat products,the most important measure to reduce the prevalence of listeriosis is to control the initial contamination level,which requires food processing plants to regularly clean and strictly disinfect the processing environment and equipment to minimize LM contamination at the source.Retail delicatessens should strictly maintain a storage temperature below 5.0℃ and strictly adhere to product shelf-life recommendations.As for consumers,they should consume these meat products as soon as possible after purchase or store them under refrigerated conditions and shorten the storage time.Pregnant women should thoroughly heat the meat products before eating to reduce the risk of listeriosis.

Hemodynamics numerical simulation,a multidisciplinary research approach integrating fluid dynamics,clinical medicine,and computer simulation techniques,offers an objective and quantitative analysis of cardiovascular blood flow dynamics through calculating data such as flow rate,pressure,resistance,and wall stress.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the modeling methods and characteristics of numerical simulations within the cardiovascular system.Additionally,it also summarizes the research advancements and potential clinical applications of numerical simulations in the context of various cardiovascular diseases,including vascular aneurysms,aortic dissection,atherosclerosis,structural heart diseases,heart failure,ventricular assist devices,cardiogenic shock,and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.The goal is to facilitate the deep integration of clinical medicine with engineering technologies,thereby fostering innovative solutions for the precise diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Graves'ophthalmopathy(GO)is a specific autoimmune disease occurring in orbital tissues and is closely related to hyperthyroidism caused by Graves'disease(GD).Its disabling and disfiguring features significantly impact the quality of life of patients.The exact mechanism of GO still remains to be fully elucidated.In recent years,gene sequencing and medical microbiology studies have shown that changes in the gut microbiota may play a role in the development and progression of GO,with gut dysbiosis altering immune system regulatory signals and causing immune damage to organs.Clarifying the correlation between gut microbiota and GO helps to understand the disease's pathogenic mechanism and provides a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of GO.This review summarizes the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of GO and promising therapeutic approaches,including research progress in aspects such as gut microbiota experiments,case studies,pathogenesis,and treatment strategies.

Deep venous thrombosis(DVT)has become one of the important diseases threatening human life and health due to its high incidence and mortality rates.The three generally recognized major risk factors for thrombosis are blood flow stasis,vascular wall injury,and hypercoagulability.However,the specific cellular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.In recent years,with the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of DVT,accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dysfunctional peripheral blood cells play an indispensable role in its pathogenesis.This review summarizes the impacts of neutrophils,monocytes,lymphocytes,platelets,and red blood cells in peripheral blood on the occurrence and development of DVT,and explores the potential mechanisms of these impacts,aiming to provide new non-anticoagulation targets for the prevention and treatment of DVT.

Objective To establish a rapid,sensitive,and specific multiplex PCR detection method for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium,Eimeria,and bovine parvovirus.Methods Specific primers targeting the SSU rRNA genes of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria,as well as the VP2 gene of bovine parvovirus were designed and the corresponding recombinant plasmid standards were constructed.To establish the multiplex PCR method,the reaction conditions were optimized using temperature gradient PCR and single-variable control methods.The sensitivity,specificity,reproducibility,and clinical application of the protocol were evaluated.Results The optimal annealing temperature was found to be 60.5℃,and the forward and reverse primer concentrations were determined to be 0.2 μmol/L for Eimeria,and 0.4 μmol/L for Cryptosporidium and bovine parvovirus.The assay demonstrated high sensitivity,with detection limits of 243,260,and 3 110 copies for the recombinant plasmid standards of Cryptosporidium,Eimeria,and bovine parvovirus,respectively.Specificity testing showed no cross-reactivity with ten common bovine pathogens,including Salmonella,bovine viral diarrhea virus,and bovine rotavirus.Consistent intra-and inter-batch results confirmed the strong reproducibility of the method.Clinical application to 81 diarrhea samples from various regions in the Ganzi Prefecture,Sichuan,revealed positivity rates of 18.52%(15/81)for Cryptosporidium,34.57%(28/81)for Eimeria,and 18.52%(15/81)forbovineparvovirus,withamixedinfectionrateof3.7%(3/81).Conclusions Themultiplex PCR method established in this study offers a reliable tool for differential diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of the three common diarrheal pathogens in yaks.

Objective: To investigate the regulatory effect of corticosterone(CORT) pretreatment on the activation of microglia by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and the inhibitory effect of Biochanin A(Bio A) on microglia activation. Methods: The MTT method was used to select the optimal concentrations for LPS,CORT and Bio A on BV2 cells;BV2 cells were divided into 5 groups: Control group,CORT(50 nmol/L) group,LPS(1 μg/mL) group,LPS(1μg/mL) + CORT(50 nmol/L) group,and LPS(1 μg/mL) + CORT(50 nmol/L) + Bio A(5 μmol/L) group;Except for the control group,each group was first incubated with CORT(50 nmol/L) for 2 h,and then each group was co-incubated with the corresponding concentrations of LPS(1 μg/mL) and Bio A(5 μmol/L) for 36 h;DCFH-DA probe method was used to detect reactive oxygen species(ROS) content; Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines,5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HTT),glucocorticoid receptor(GR),mineralocorticoid receptor(MR),NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC) and cysteine-aspartic protease 1(Caspase-1). Results: Compared with the CORT(50 nmol/L) and LPS(1 μg/mL) groups,cells in the CORT(50 nmol/L) + LPS(1 μg/mL) group showed increased cell viability,higher levels of ROS,and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines,NLRP3,ASC,and Caspase-1 protein expression( P＜0. 05 ) ． Conclusion A low dose of CORT pretreatment reinforces LPS- induced BV2 cell activation; Bio A inhibits CORT-pretreated LPS-induced BV2 cell activation．The mechanism of which may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation．

Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) has been a safe and viable alternative to conversion to laparotomy in cases of severe cholecystitis. The objective of this study is to determine the utility of intraoperative choledochoscopy in LSC for the exploration of the gallbladder, cyst duct, and subsequent stone clearance of the cystic duct in cases of severe cholecystitis. A total of 72 patients diagnosed with severe cholecystitis received choledochoscopy-assisted laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (CALSC). A choledochoscopy was performed to explore the gallbladder cavity and/or cystic duct, and to extract stones using a range of techniques. The clinical records, including the operative records and outcomes, were subjected to analysis. No LSC was converted to open surgery, and no bile duct or vascular injuries were sustained. All stones within the cystic duct were removed by a combination of techniques, including high-frequency needle knife electrotomy, basket, and electrohydraulic lithotripsy. A follow-up examination revealed the absence of residual bile duct stones, with the exception of one common bile duct stone, which was extracted via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. In certain special cases, CALSC may prove to be an efficacious treatment for the management of severe cholecystitis. This technique allows for optimal comprehension of the situation within the gallbladder cavity and cystic duct, facilitating the removal of stones from the cystic duct and reducing the residue of the non-functional gallbladder remnant.

Objective:To investigate the value of MRI perfusion multiple parameters in preoperative classification of glioma and differential diagnosis of single brain metastases.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 78 patients initially diagnosed with glioma or single brain metastasis admitted to Cangzhou People's Hospital from January 2018 to July 2024,including 36 cases of glioma and 42 cases of single brain metastasis.Preoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure dynamic sensitive contrast magnetic resonance imaging(DSC-MRI),dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI),and microvascular diameter imaging(VSI)parameters.Compare multiple parameters of magnetic resonance perfusion in patients with gliomas,solitary brain metastases,and gliomas of different pathological grades.Draw the working characteristic curve of the subjects and calculate the area under the curve(AUC)to analyze the diagnostic value of multi parameter magnetic resonance perfusion for gliomas.Spearman analysis was used to investigate the correlation between multiple parameters of magnetic resonance perfusion and pathological grading of glioma patients.Results:Cerebral blood volume(rCBV),cerebral blood flow(rCBF),volume transport constant(Ktrans),extracellular space volume ratio(Ve)and VSI values of glioma patients were significantly higher than those of single brain metastases,and the differences were statistically significant(t=25.066,26.892,22.856,70.455,27.984,P<0.05).The sensitivity of rCBV,rCBF,Ktrans,Kep,Ve,and VSI in diagnosing gliomas were 79.44%,78.54%,80.11%,63.32%,74.61%,and 77.29%,respectively.The specificity was 77.27%,76.49%,78.14%,61.38%,72.58%,and 75.13%,respectively.The AUC was 0.861,0.843,0.815,0.532,0.883,and 0.762,respectively;The sensitivity,specificity,and AUC of the combined detection of rCBV,rCBF,Ktrans,Kep,Ve,and VSI for diagnosing gliomas were 85.98%,82.24%,and 0.911,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy of the combined detection for gliomas was superior to that of individual indicators(Z=0.431,0.335,0.512,0.408,0.369,0.358,P<0.05).The rCBV,rCBF,Ktrans,Ve and VSI values of patients with grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ glioma increased successively,and the comparison between groups was statistically significant(F=119.972,100.884,74.180,74.180,118.485,P<0.05).The values of rCBV,rCBF,Ktrans,Ve and VSI were significantly positively correlated with the pathological grade of glioma patients(r=0.685,0.726,0.745,0.668,0.714,P<0.05).Conclusion:There are great differences in the multiple parameters of MRI perfusion between brain glioma and single brain metastases.Therefore,MRI perfusion multiple parameters have high differential diagnosis value,and are helpful for preoperative diagnosis and pathological classification of brain glioma,and have clinical guiding significance.