Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck malignancy. Approximately 50% to 60% of patients with OSCC are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage (clinical staging III-IVa). Even with comprehensive and sequential treatment primarily based on surgery, the 5-year overall survival rate remains below 50%, and patients often suffer from postoperative functional impairments such as difficulties with speaking and swallowing. Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are increasingly used in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC and have shown encouraging efficacy. However, clinical practice still faces key challenges, including the definition of indications, optimization of combination regimens, and standards for efficacy evaluation. Based on the latest research advances worldwide and the clinical experience of the expert group, this expert consensus systematically evaluates the application of PD-1 inhibitors in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC, covering combination strategies, treatment cycles and surgical timing, efficacy assessment, use of biomarkers, management of special populations and immune related adverse events, principles for immunotherapy rechallenge, and function preservation strategies. After multiple rounds of panel discussion and through anonymous voting using the Delphi method, the following consensus statements have been formulated: 1) Neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1 inhibitors can be used preoperatively in patients with locally advanced OSCC. The preferred regimen is a PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum based chemotherapy, administered for 2-3 cycles. 2) During the efficacy evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, radiographic assessment should follow the dual criteria of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 and immune RECIST (iRECIST). After surgery, systematic pathological evaluation of both the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes is required. For combination chemotherapy regimens, PD-L1 expression and combined positive score need not be used as mandatory inclusion or exclusion criteria. 3) For special populations such as the elderly (≥ 70 years), individuals with stable HIV viral load, and carriers of chronic HBV/HCV, PD-1 inhibitors may be used cautiously under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team (MDT), with close monitoring for adverse events. 4) For patients with a poor response to neoadjuvant therapy, continuation of the original treatment regimen is not recommended; the subsequent treatment plan should be adjusted promptly after MDT assessment. Organ transplant recipients and patients with active autoimmune diseases are not recommended to receive neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy due to the high risk of immune related activation. Rechallenge is generally not advised for patients who have experienced high risk immune related adverse events such as immune mediated myocarditis, neurotoxicity, or pneumonitis. 5) For patients with a good pathological response, individualized de escalation surgery and function preservation strategies can be explored. This consensus aims to promote the standardized, safe, and precise application of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor strategies in the management of locally advanced OSCC patients.

To introduce the general thinking, guidelines, work objectives and elaboration process of the general technical requirements adopted by volume Ⅳ of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, and to summarize and figure out the main characteristics on dosage forms, physico-chemical testing, microbial and biological testing, reference standards and guidelines The newly revised general chapters of pharmacopoeia give full play to the normative and guiding role of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard, track the frontier dynamics of international drug regulatory science and the elaboration of monographs, expand the application of state-of-the-art technologies, and steadily promote the harmonization and unification with the ICH guidelines； further enhance the overall capacity of TCM quality control, actively implement the 3 R principles on animal experiments, and practice the concept of environmental-friendly； replace and/or reduce the use of toxic and hazardous reagents, strengthen the requirements of drug safety control This paper aims to provide a full-view perspective for the comprehensive, correct understanding and accurate implementation of general technical requirements included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition.

Objective:To analyze the perceptions, attitudes toward cognitive screening and associated factors in Chinese population.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study, a total of 1 246 Chinese residents who used smartphones and completed the cognitive screening survey in the Sojump application from February 22 to March 7, 2024 were consecutively selected as the study subjects. The questionnaire content included demographic data, physical examination information, perceptions of cognitive disorders, perceptions, attitudes and suggestions of cognitive screening. A total of 1 273 questionnaires were distributed, and 1 273 were retrieved, of which 1 246 were valid (97.9%). The logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with the attitudes toward cognitive screening in the subjects.Results:Of the 1 246 respondents included in the study, 468 were male and 778 were female, with a mean age of (43.9±13.8) years. The respondents covered 26 provincial-level administrative regions in China, including 347 (27.8%) in the east, 429 (34.4%) in the middle and 470 (37.7%) in the west. While 943 respondents failed to comprehend the cognitive screening, 914 considered it necessary. Additionally, 447 respondents recommended initiating cognitive screening at age 50, 927 respondents recommended annual screening, and 924 respondents preferred scale assessment. Female ( OR=2.121, 95% CI: 1.599-2.815), middle-aged and elderly ( OR=1.681, 95% CI: 1.223-2.310), urban residents ( OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.002-2.029), high per capita monthly household income ( OR=1.253, 95% CI: 1.063-1.477), had complete physical examination ( OR=1.404, 95% CI: 1.015-1.943), better understanding of cognitive disorders ( OR=2.202, 95% CI: 1.750-2.772), and better understanding of cognitive screening ( OR=3.313, 95% CI: 2.227-4.931) showed positive correlations with the attitude favoring cognitive screening (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The perception levels of cognitive screening among Chinese residents are relatively low, but their attitudes are positive. Socio-economic factors, behavioral experiences, and knowledge levels are associated with residents′ attitudes toward cognitive screening.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease with a high mortality rate. Many countries worldwide have already reported local transmission, and the number of reported cases has been increasing yearly, with an ever-expanding region. No specific treatment drugs or vaccines have seriously threatened public health safety in epidemic regions. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics, transmission routes, and control measures of SFTS.

As space stations steadily progress into the application and development stage,astronauts will be regularly rotated for space missions,and the impact of the space environment on human health will become an important research topic.Under microgravity,astronauts lose 1%～2%bone mass per month.Astronauts'health phenotype,as well as animal experiments conducted in space,have shown that microgravity leads to significant loss of weight-bearing bone and reduction of ultimate loading in bones.Due to the limited conditions,it is not easy to conduct experiments in space,so various animal models have been used for simulated microgravity experiments to study the mechanisms of bone loss.This review summarizes many studies on osteoporosis under space microgravity and simulated microgravity on the ground,describing different types of bone loss and underlying molecular mechanisms caused by microgravity,as well as the similarities and differences of current conclusions.In addition,this review summarizes the effects of non-bone tissues such as muscles on bone loss under microgravity,and the current measures adopted in the space station to prevent osteoporosis.

Objective To investigate the role of peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase 1(Pin1)in mediating stemness of tumor cells and the molecular mechanism of inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in cervical cancer cells.Methods The Siha and Hele cells of Pin1 low-expression stable transfection uterine cervical neoplasm cell lines were constructed using lentivirus transfection technology and were divided into control group(shPin1-NON),knockdown group 1(shPin1-1)and knockdown group 2(shPin1-2).Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were used to detect the expressions of Sex-determining region Y transcription factor 2(SOX2),Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1(ALDH1A1),and Cell adhesion molecule 44(CD44).The serum-free spheroidization method was used to induce cervical cancer spheroids,with the adherent culture of cervical cancer cells as a control.Subsequently,Western blotting and qRT-PCR were employed to detect the expression of SOX2,ALDH1A1 and CD44 in both spheroid cells and adherent cells.Spheroid formation assay was used to detect the spheroid formation of cervical cancer cells after Pin1 knockdown.Transwell assay was used to detect the migration and invasion abilities of cervical cancer cells following down-regulation of Pin1.Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin attribute proteins in cervical cancer cells after transfection with pin1 low expression lentivirus.Western blotting and qRT-PCR were also used to assess the effects of Pin1 low expression on the expression levels of key proteins(c-Jun and c-Fos)of the transcriptional complex of Activator protein 1(AP-1).Immunofluorescence combined with co-immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to detect the interaction and colocalization of Pin1 with c-Jun.Results In Siha and Hele cells,the mRNA and protein expression levels of Pin1,SOX2,ALDH1A1 and CD44 in shPin1-NON group were significantly higher than those in shPin1-1 group and shPin1-2 group(P<0.05).The expression levels of SOX2,ALDH1A1 and CD44 mRNA and protein in cervical cancer spheroid group were significantly higher than those in adherent cervical cancer cells(P<0.05).Compared with shPin1-NON group,the spheroidism and migration invasion abilities of shPin1-1 group and shPin1-2 group were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Compared with shPin1-NON group,the mRNA and protein expressions of E-cadherin in shPin1-1 and shPin1-2 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the mRNA and protein expression levels of N-cadherin were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The mRNA and protein expression levels of c-Jun and c-Fos in shPin1-NON group were significantly higher than those in shPin1-1 group and shPin1-2 group(P<0.05).Conclusions Down-regulation of Pin1 can inhibit the stemness and migration invasion of cervical cancer cells,and Pin1 may mediate AP-1 to regulate the occurrence of stemness-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer cells.

This article reports a first case of combined infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)and scrub typhus in Dalian City.The patient was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent fever for 7 days and loss of consciousness for 1 day.Pathogen metagenomic sequencing(mNGS),SFTSV quantitative PCR,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)IgM tests were performed,showing positive results for Orientia tsutsugamushi and SFTSV nucleic acids.Based on clinical manifestations and epidemiological history,the patient was diagnosed with combined infections.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism by which long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)titin antisense RNA 1(TTN-AS1)regulates the microRNA(miR)-134-5p/epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)axis in breast cancer cell proliferation,apoptosis and glycolysis.Methods Western blot was used to detect EGFR protein expression.Quantitative real-time poly-merase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was employed to measure the expression levels of lncRNA TTN-AS1,miR-134-5p and EGFR mRNA in breast epithelial cells MCF-10A and breast cancer cell lines MCF-7,MDA-MB-231 and SKBR-3.MDA-MB-231 cells were selected for subsequent experi-ments,and were divided into control,si-lncRNA TTN-AS1,si-lncRNA TTN-AS1+miR-134-5p-in-hibitor and si-lncRNA TTN-AS1+EGFR-mimic groups.Cell proliferation rates were determined u-sing the CCK-8 assay.Apoptosis rates were assessed by flow cytometry.Lactic acid,glucose and a-denosine triphosphate(ATP)kits were used to detect glucose intake,lactic acid and ATP produc-tion in each group,respectively.Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify the bind-ing sites between lncRNA TTN-AS1 and miR-134-5p,as well as between miR-134-5p and EGFR.Results Compared with MCF-10A cells,the expression levels of lncRNA TTN-AS1 and EGFR mR-NA were significantly higher,while miR-134-5p expression was significantly lower in breast cancer cell lines(P＜0.05).Among these,MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited the highest expression levels of lncRNA TTN-AS1 and EGFR mRNA,and the lowest expression level of miR-134-5p(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the expression level of miR-134-5p was significantly increased,while the expression levels of lncRNA TTN-AS1,EGFR mRNA,and EGFR protein were significant-ly decreased in the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1 group,the expression levels of EGFR mRNA and EGFR protein were significantly increased,and miR-134-5p expression was significantly decreased in the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1+miR-134-5p-inhibitor group and si-lncRNA TTN-AS1+EGFR-mimic group(P＜0.05).Compared with the con-trol group,cell proliferation rates were significantly reduced in the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1 group,cell proliferation rates were significantly in-creased in the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1+miR-134-5p-inhibitor group and si-lncRNA TTN-AS1+EGFR-mimic group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,apoptosis rates were significantly in-creased in the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1 group,apoptosis rates were significantly reduced in the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1+miR-134-5p-inhibitor group and si-lncRNA TTN-AS1+EGFR-mimic group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,glucose uptake,lactate production and ATP generation were significantly decreased in the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1 group,glucose up-take,lactate production and ATP generation were significantly increased in the si-lncRNA TTN-AS1+miR-134-5p-inhibitor group and si-lncRNA TTN-AS1+EGFR-mimic group(P＜0.05).The du-al-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that lncRNA TTN-AS1 had a targeted binding site with miR-134-5p,and miR-134-5p has a targeted binding site with EGFR.Conclusion The lncRNA TTN-AS1 may negatively regulate the miR-134-5p/EGFR axis,thereby affecting the proliferation,apop-tosis and glycolysis of breast cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effect of riboflavin on cerebral infarction volume and the possible mecha-nism of apoptotic factors with cerebral ischemic injury in mice.Methods:Eighteen C57BL/6J male mice were divided into the sham group,middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)group and riboflavin intervention group(MCAO+RF)randomly.TTC staining was used to observe the infarction of the cerebral tissues;Quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression of tumor protein p53(p53),cytochrome C(CytC),B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X(Bax),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(caspase-3),poly ADP-ribose poly-merase(PARP),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-6(caspase-6)and apoptosis inducing factor(AIF)in different groups,to study the possible mechanism of riboflavin inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.The proteins expression of acetyl-p53(AC-p53),caspase-3 and PARP were analyzed by Western blot.Results:Compared with the MCAO group,the cerebral infarct volume of the MCAO+RF group was obviously reduced(P＜0.01);The relative expression of p53,CytC,caspase-3,PARP,caspase-6 and AIF were significantly lower in the MCAO+RF group(P＜0.05).Addition-ally,significant differences were observed in the proteins expression of AC-p53,caspase-3 and PARP between the MCAO group and MCAO+RF group.Conclusion:Riboflavin has a protective effect against cerebral ischemic injury,which is possibly realized by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through multiple pathways.

China has become the country with the highest global burden of heart failure(HF).Despite the widespread use of prognostic-improving medications today,the mortality rate of HF remains high,reaching 13.7％at one year-particularly among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF).HF interventional device therapy(structural intervention)targets the structural factors underlying HF,including atrial pressure,ventricular remodeling,and valvular intervention.It leverages the heart's intrinsic physiological properties and pathological progression mechanisms to deliver treatments through interventions without external active forces,achieving anatomical or functional repair.This field has emerged as a rapidly growing area and plays an increasingly critical role in HF management.This article provides a comprehensive review and summary of the latest advancements in HF and cardiomyopathy interventional therapy over the past year.It covers various novel technologies and products currently in the research phase,aiming to provide an in-depth analysis of the current status and future directions of HF interventional therapy,and further advance the development of this discipline.