Rectal cancer, which accounts for approximately 40% of colorectal cancers, remains a major clinical concern. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging, surgical techniques, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment have steadily improved rectal cancer outcomes. Considering this, the Korean Rectal Cancer Multidisciplinary (KRCM) Committee has aimed to provide clinicians and policymakers with up-to-date, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to support optimal decision-making, reflecting current evidence, the Korean healthcare context, and patient values and preferences. The Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rectal Cancer version 2.0 were developed through multidisciplinary collaboration with related academic societies, building upon and updating the KRCM Clinical Practice Guidelines version 1.0 (titled “Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of rectal cancer”). These consensus guidelines of the KRCM were established based on a comprehensive literature review, evidence synthesis, with recommendation development guided by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology, and consideration of applicability in real-world clinical practice under the national health insurance system. Each recommendation has been presented with its strength and level of evidence.

Objectives: This study investigated changes in toothbrushing in adolescents in response to public health policy changes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) focusing on behavioral trends before, during, and after policy enforcement according to socio-demographic subgroups. Methods: Data from the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2018–2024) were divided into 3 periods: before (2018–2019), during (2020–2022), and after (2023–2024) the implementation of COVID-19 school restrictions. A total of 354 943 middle and high school students were included. The primary outcome variable was self-reported toothbrushing after lunch at school. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted, adjusting for confounders such as sex, academic performance, school level, school type, handwashing, and oral health status (toothache and gum bleeding). Results: The compliance rate for toothbrushing declined significantly during the restriction period across all groups. It varied by sex, school type, school level, health-related behaviors (drinking, smoking, handwashing), and oral health status. Female students, middle schoolers, students in single-sex schools, non-smokers, and those practicing hand hygiene showed higher compliance. After restrictions were lifted, toothbrushing rates improved but remained lower than pre-pandemic levels. Recovery of the toothbrushing rate was observed in most groups, particularly among female students, high schoolers, and those with positive health-related behaviors. However, academic performance and oral health status were not significantly associated with recovery rate in adjusted analyses. Conclusions This study highlights that adolescents’ health behaviors are highly sensitive to environmental and policy changes. Variations in compliance and recovery rates underscore the need for adolescent-centered policies that account for both compliance and recovery, especially during crises such as pandemics.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify research trends in moral resilience in healthcare through text network analysis and topic modeling of abstracts published in domestic and international journals and to propose future research directions. Methods: A quantitative content analysis was conducted on English abstracts of studies related to moral or ethical resilience in healthcare published through May 2025. Sixty-three papers were selected after removing duplicates, and screening was conducted using eight databases: KISS, RISS, DBpia, KCI, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Texts were analyzed using NetMiner 4.5.1 for keyword co-occurrence network construction and Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling. Core keywords were identified using degree and centrality indices, and topics were named through researcher consensus. Results: Research on moral resilience in healthcare began in 2013 and has increased rapidly after 2023, particularly after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Among 230 extracted keywords, “moral resilience,” “moral distress,” and “care” showed the highest centrality. Five major topics were identified: (1) moral resilience and burnout in practice, (2) moral resilience among nursing students, (3) moral competence and fatigue in practice, (4) moral resilience assessment, and (5) moral injury and secondary traumatic stress among healthcare workers. Conclusion Moral resilience reflects the ethical strength that enables healthcare professionals to sustain integrity amid moral adversity. Although the number of international studies has increased, domestic research remains limited. Further work should clarify this concept, develop training programs, and explore organizational strategies to strengthen moral resilience.

Objective: The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been proposed to be a downstream mediator of neuroinflammation in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, its involvement across disease stages and related synucleinopathies, such as multiple system atrophy (MSA), remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the peripheral mRNA expression of NLRP3-related genes and cytokines across individuals with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), early-stage PD, late-stage PD, and MSA. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 151 participants: 35 healthy controls (HCs), 31 patients with iRBD, 41 patients with early-stage PD, 21 patients with late-stage PD, and 23 patients with MSA. mRNA expression was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Welch’s ANOVA, and associations with clinical variables were analyzed through stepwise multiple linear regression. Results: NLRP3 expression was significantly lower in patients with iRBD (p=0.0263) and patients with early-stage PD (p= 0.0101) than in HCs. NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7) expression progressively decreased across the disease spectrum (HCs vs. patients with early-stage PD, p=0.0008; vs. patients with late-stage PD, p<0.0001). In contrast, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1 were elevated in patients with PD, especially those in the late stages. Levels of patients with MSA resembled those of HCs but differed from those of patients with PD. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels were not significantly different. In patients with early-stage PD, NLRP3 expression was negatively correlated with disease duration, the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part II score, and the cognitive score. Conclusion Our findings challenge the prevailing hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome activation directly contributes to PD pathogenesis. Instead, the observed increase in ASC and caspase-1 expression suggests the potential involvement of alternative inflammasome pathways during disease progression.

Purpose: To characterize the electromagnetic (EM) behavior of a monopole and dipole hybrid (MDH) antenna and evaluate its performance relative to monopole and dipole antennas for 10.5 tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. Materials and Methods: Full-wave EM simulations were performed to model an inductor-shortened 20-cm dipole and an MDH antenna with asymmetric 9-cm and 12-cm poles. Single elements and 16-channel arrays were arranged on cylindrical formers (inner diameter 25 cm) around a tissue-mimicking phantom (εr = 49, σ = 0.6 S/m, diameter = 18 cm, height = 30 cm) with ~4 cm inter-element spacing and no additional decoupling circuitry. The eight-channel monopole antenna and MDH arrays were further modeled and analyzed with and without coaxial feed cables to assess cable-induced effects on magnetic (B) field distribution. Relative individual transmit field maps of the 8-channel monopole antenna and MDH arrays were acquired on a 10.5 T MRI system using a gradient echo (GRE) sequence (repetition time [TR] = 4000 ms, echo time [TE] = 3.0 ms, acquisition time [TA] = 7:48 ms, flip angle = 60°, field of view [FOV] = 354 × 354 mm3 , resolution = 3.0 × 1.5 × 3.0 mm3 ). Results: The MDH antenna demonstrated enhanced longitudinal B-field concentration and improved directivity compared with the dipole antenna element. Across the 8- and 16-channel arrays, the MDH structures consistently exhibited lower coupling, reducing S 21 by up to 10 dB relative to the monopole and dipole antenna arrays. Cable attachment significantly altered the MDH field patterns, reflecting dipole-like sensitivity to commonmode currents; however, appropriate cable management preserved field stability. Conclusion The MDH antenna provides intrinsic decoupling advantages and robust multichannel behavior without requiring additional decoupling circuitry. These characteristics make the MDH architecture a strong candidate for next-generation high-density arrays for ultra-high field MRI.

Purpose: To evaluate several hybrid multi-element configurations to enhance B1+ effi-ciency, defined as the transmit magnetic field generated by the radiofrequency (RF) coil normalized by the net input power, and spatial coverage for 10.5 tesla (T) human brain imaging. Materials and Methods: Finite-difference time-domain simulations were performed using an anatomically detailed human head model to assess circularly polarized B1+ fieldsgenerated by 8-channel loop, dipole antenna, and monopole and dipole hybrid antenna (MDH) arrays. These baseline designs were extended to 16-channel arrays combining loops with dipole antennas or MDHs and to interleaved MDH-based arrays incorporating axially displaced dipole or monopole antennas. Results: The 8-channel MDH array yielded the highest central B1+ efficiency, exceedingloop and dipole antenna arrays by 38.5% and 33.3%, respectively, but peripheral coverage remained limited. The 16-channel loop + dipole antenna and loop + MDH arrays improved overall B1+ efficiency by up to 28.9% relative to their 8-channel counterparts.Interleaved combined structure arrays further enhanced peripheral excitation and superior–inferior coverage, with the T-shaped monopole antenna + MDH configuration achieving a high central efficiency. Conclusion MDH-centered combined structure arrays effectively balance deep-field efficiency and peripheral coverage at 10.5 T. Interleaving monopole antenna-type elements beneath MDHs provides additional improvement and represents a promising design pathway for achieving more uniform excitation in 10.5 T brain imaging.

RESULTS: Resveratrol significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in aging hearts. In addition, resveratrol significantly ameliorated aging-induced mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., decreased oxygen respiration and increased hydrogen peroxide emission) and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling (the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening sensitivity, and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels).Resveratrol also significantly attenuated aging-induced apoptosis (determined via cleaved caspase-3 staining and TUNEL-positive myonuclei) in cardiac muscles. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that resveratrol treatment has a beneficial effect on aging-induced cardiac remodeling by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in the heart.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore factors influencing satisfaction with medical services among medically underserved populations at the free medical clinic, providing data to improve free medical services for these populations. Methods: We employed a descriptive correlational study design involving 112 individuals (aged 19 years and older) from medically underserved populations who visited the clinic. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys from September to October 2023, and statistical analyses (t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression) were used to identify key predictors of satisfaction. Results: Perceived support from healthcare providers emerged as the strongest predictor ofsatisfaction with medical services, demonstrating a significant positive association. While socialsupport was positively correlated with perceived support from healthcare providers, it did not independently predict satisfaction. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of healthcare provider and social supportin increasing satisfaction with medical services among medically underserved populations.Developing tailored healthcare programs and specialized healthcare provider training are essential strategies to improve healthcare access and outcomes for these vulnerable groups.