Objective: To investigate the species, concentration and seasonal trends of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. Methods: The Department of allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University conducted a cross-sectional study about monitoring the airborne allergenic pollen from August 1, 2021 to July 31, 2022 by the gravitational method in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City, which include Yuquan District, Xincheng District, Huimin District, Saihan District, Tuoketuo County, Helingeer County, Tumotezuoqi County, Wuchuan County and Qingshuihe County. Daily pollens were counted and identified by optical microscopy, and the data were analyzed. Results: The airborne allergenic pollen was collected every month all year round in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot city. Through the whole year of the total quantity of pollens ranged from 24 850 to 50 154 grains per 1 000 mm² and two peaks of pollen concentration in air were observed,which happened in spring (from March to May) and in summer and autumn (from July to September). In spring, the main pollens were tree pollens, which principally distributed in Populus pollen (18.29%), Ulmus pollen (8.36%), Pinus pollen (6.20%), Cupressaceae pollen (5.23%), Betulaceae pollen (2.73%), Salix pollen (1.80%) and Quercus pollen (1.16%). In summer and autumn, the main pollens were weed pollens, which mainly included Artemisia pollen (42.73%), Chenopodiaceae pollen or Amaranthaceae pollen (7.46%), Poaceae pollen (2.26%), Humulus pollen or Cannabis pollen (0.60%). Conclusion: There were two peaks of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. In the spring peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were tree pollens. In the summer and autumn peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were weed pollens. The Artemisia pollen was the most major airborne pollen in this area.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pollen ; Hospitals

Objective: To investigate the species, concentration and seasonal trends of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. Methods: The Department of allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University conducted a cross-sectional study about monitoring the airborne allergenic pollen from August 1, 2021 to July 31, 2022 by the gravitational method in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City, which include Yuquan District, Xincheng District, Huimin District, Saihan District, Tuoketuo County, Helingeer County, Tumotezuoqi County, Wuchuan County and Qingshuihe County. Daily pollens were counted and identified by optical microscopy, and the data were analyzed. Results: The airborne allergenic pollen was collected every month all year round in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot city. Through the whole year of the total quantity of pollens ranged from 24 850 to 50 154 grains per 1 000 mm² and two peaks of pollen concentration in air were observed,which happened in spring (from March to May) and in summer and autumn (from July to September). In spring, the main pollens were tree pollens, which principally distributed in Populus pollen (18.29%), Ulmus pollen (8.36%), Pinus pollen (6.20%), Cupressaceae pollen (5.23%), Betulaceae pollen (2.73%), Salix pollen (1.80%) and Quercus pollen (1.16%). In summer and autumn, the main pollens were weed pollens, which mainly included Artemisia pollen (42.73%), Chenopodiaceae pollen or Amaranthaceae pollen (7.46%), Poaceae pollen (2.26%), Humulus pollen or Cannabis pollen (0.60%). Conclusion: There were two peaks of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. In the spring peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were tree pollens. In the summer and autumn peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were weed pollens. The Artemisia pollen was the most major airborne pollen in this area.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pollen ; Hospitals

The gold-standard for bone substitution of large bone defects continues to be autogenous bone graft. Artificial bone substitutes are difficult to replace the autogenous bone grafting due to excessive immune response, fast biodegradation characteristics and inappropriate biocompatibility. Given these drawbacks, osteoimmunology and its advanced functional biomaterials have gained growing attention in recent years. Immune system plays an essential role during bone healing via regulating the shift from inflammatory to anti-inflammation phenotype, and inflammatory cytokines response. The inflammatory reaction mainly include infiltration of immune cells (such as macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, B cells, etc) and release of inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, etc.) at the bone defects, which subsequently affect the step-wised process of bone healing rejuvenation. Hence, advanced bone biomaterials with immunomodulatory properties is of great significance for the treatment of patients with recalcitrant bone defects, especially for delayed healing or non-union. The reciprocal mechanism of immuno-modulated bone healing, however, is not fully understood and more research is required in the future.
Osteogenesis ; Cytokines ; Biocompatible Materials ; Macrophages ; T-Lymphocytes ; Bone Regeneration

Diabetic ulcer is recognized as a chronic nonhealing wound, often associated with bacterial infection and tissue necrosis, which seriously affect patients' health and quality of life. The traditional treatment methods exist some problems, such as bacterial resistance and secondary trauma, so it is urgent to find new methods to meet the requirements of diabetic ulcer treatment. In this study, we prepared a drug delivery system (DFO@CuS nanoparticles) based on hollow copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles loaded with deferoxamine (DFO), which realized the synergistic therapy of promoting angiogenesis and photothermal antibacterial. The morphological structure and particle size distribution of DFO@CuS nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and particle size analyzer, respectively. The antibacterial effect of DFO@CuS nanoparticles was evaluated by the plate coating method. The effects of DFO@CuS nanoparticles on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated by CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) assay, cell scratch assay, and tube formation assay. The results showed that DFO@CuS nanoparticles were hollow and spherical in shape with an average particle size of (200.9 ± 8.6) nm. DFO@CuS nanoparticles could effectively inhibit the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. DFO@CuS nanoparticles showed negligible cytotoxicity and effective acceleration of cell migration and tube formation in a certain concentration range. In conclusion, the prepared DFO@CuS nanoparticles exhibit good photothermal antibacterial properties and pro-angiogenic effects, providing a basis for their application in the treatment of diabetic ulcer.

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.

B-Lymphocytes ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin D ; T Follicular Helper Cells ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effects of mitofusin 1 (MFN1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Raw264.7 mouse macrophages pyroptosis and to provide reference for further study on the prevention of inflammation and fibrosis caused by macrophage dysfunction.Methods:Raw264.7 mouse macrophages were cultured in vitro and used to construct a model of LPS-induced pyroptosis. CCK-8 staining, PI staining, LDH release assay and Western blot were used to verify the Raw264.7 pyroptosis induced by LPS. MFN1 expression was detected by Western blot. DCFH-DA probe was used to detect the synthesis of total reactive oxygen species (ROS); Mito-SOX was used to detect mitochondrial ROS; JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by fluorescence probe to reflect mitochondrial damage. Based on Ubibrowser database, it was predicted that MFN1 could bind to a variety of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Then, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) were used to analyze MFN1 ubiquitination. An overexpression plasmid for MFN1 was constructed and transfected into Raw264.7 cells to detect the changes in pyroptosis and mitochondrial function. Results:LPS could induce the pyroptosis of Raw264.7 cells and mitochondrial dysfunction. MFN1 expression was decreased after LPS stimulation. Ubiquitinated MFN1 was detected by CO-IP. Ubiquitination inhibitor MG-132 inhibited LPS-induced expression of pyroptosis-related proteins including NLRP3, Pro-caspase-1, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 and improved mitochondrial function. MFN1 overexpression relieved the mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis of Raw264.7 cells induced by LPS.Conclusions:The ubiquitination of MFN1 induced by LPS was involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and macrophage pyroptosis, suggesting that MFN1 was a potential target for the treatment of macrophage-induced inflammation and related diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay for the detection of NPM1 type A mutation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and to evaluate its specificity, sensitivity and its value in clinical application. METHODS: NPM1 mutant and wildtype plasmids were used to verify the performance of ddPCR. Both ddPCR and Sanger sequencing were used to detect the bone marrow samples of 87 AML patients, which were confirmed by next generation sequencing (NGS). Moreover, NPM1 mutation burden was dynamically monitored in five patients by ddPCR. RESULTS: The limit of blank (LOB) of ddPCR established for NPM1 mutation detection was 1.1 copies/μl, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.43 copies/μl, which had good linearity. Among the 87 newly diagnosed AML patients, ddPCR identified seventeen cases positive for NPM1 mutation (19.5%)， which was consistent with Sanger sequencing. NGS confirmed 12 positive cases, including 8 of type A mutations, 2 of type D mutations, and 2 of rare type mutations. The results of dynamic monitoring of NPM1 mutation burden in 5 patients showed that the NPM1 mutation burden decreased obviously even close to 0, when patients achieve complete remission after chemotherapy. However, the mutation burden was increased again at the time of relapse. CONCLUSION In this study, we established a ddPCR method for detection of NPM1 mutation with good sensitivity and repeatability, which can be used for screening NPM1 mutation in newly diagnosed AML patients and for minimal residual disease monitoring after remission in positive AML patients to guide treatment.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy* ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics* ; Nucleophosmin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis

: AbstractObjective: To identify the expression and methylation patterns of lncRNA CASC15 in bone marrow (BM) samples of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and further explore its clinical significance. METHODS: Eighty-two de novo AML patients and 18 healthy donors were included in the study. Meanwhile, seven public datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included to confirm the expression and methylation data of CASC15. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to determine the discriminative capacity of CASC15 expression to identify AML. The patients were divided into CASC15high group and CASC15low group by X-tile method, and the prognostic value of CASC15 was identified by Kaplan-Meier method and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The expression level of CASC15 was significantly decreased in BM cells of AML patients compared with healthy donors (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis suggested that CASC15 expression might be a potential biomarker to discriminate AML from controls. The expression of CASC15 was high at the early stage of hematopoiesis, and reached a peak at the stage of multipotent progenitors differentiation, then decreased rapidly, and was at a range of low level fluctuations in the subsequent process. Among FAB subtypes, CASC15 expression in M0 was significantly higher than that in M1-M7. Clinically, CASC15low patients were more likely to have NPM1 mutations than CASC15high patients (P=0.048), while CASC15high patients had a significantly higher frequency of IDH1 and RUNX1 mutations (P=0.021 and 0.014, respectively). Moreover, CASC15low group had a shorter overall survival (OS) in patients with NPM1 mutations. Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed that CASC15 expression was a significant independent risk factor for OS in NPM1 mutated AML patients. In addition, CASC15 methylation level in BM samples of AML patients was significantly decreased compared with healthy donors. Patients with CASC15 high methylation had poor OS and disease-free survival. CONCLUSION The expression of CASC15 is decreased in AML, and low CASC15 expression may predict adverse prognosis in AML patients with NPM1 mutations. Moreover, CASC15 methylation level in AML is significantly decreased, and high CASC15 methylation may predict poor prognosis in AML.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism* ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics* ; Nucleophosmin/genetics* ; Prognosis ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the age distribution of Mongolian patients with cerebral infarction caused by thrombosis and the correlation and consistency between thromboelastography (TEG) and four parameters of coagulation. METHODS: The age distribution of 298 Mongolian patients with cerebral infarction treated in Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University from January 2020 to December 2021 and their TEG, four items of routin coagulation and platelet count were analyzed retrospectively. The correlation and consistency of above-mentioned two detection methods were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The onset age of 298 Mongolian patients with cerebral infarction was mainly 61-70 years old, accounting for 38.3%, followed by 51-60 years old, accounting for 26.8%. The R time detected by TEG was linearly correlated with PT and APTT（r=0.186，r=0.152）. K value, MA value and α-Angle measured by TEG was linearly correlated with Fib (r=-0.364，r=0.616，r=0.359), K value, MA value and α-Angle measured by TEG was linearly correlated with Plt (r=0.318，r=0.519，r=0.301). The R time detected by TEG was consistent with PT and APTT, and the Kappa values were 0.252 (P<0.001), 0.336 (P<0.001). K, MA, and α-Angle measured by TEG was consistent with Fib, the Kappa values were 0.265 (P<0.001), 0.289 (P<0.001) and 0.290 (P<0.001), respectively; K、MA and α-Angle measured by TEG was consistent with Plt, the Kappa values were 0.276 (P<0.001), 0.285 (P<0.001) and 0.302 (P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION The onset age of Mongolian patients with cerebral infarction caused by thrombosis is mainly 61-70 years old, followed by 51-60 years old. The onset age shows a younger trend. There is a significant correlation between TEG and coagulation, but the consistency is weak, therefore, the two methods can not be replaced each other.
Aged ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Coagulation Tests/methods* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombelastography/methods* ; Thrombosis