Cultural confidence is an important part of nurturing"confidence in the path,theory,system,and culture of social-ism with Chinese characteristics"students,as well as the important direction of ideological and political courses,and play an impor-tant role for establishing the core values of Chinese socialism.This paper summarized the reform exploration and practical experience of the Basic Immunology and Pathogen Biology through deeply excavating the core ideas of Chinese medicine culture based on the course content for improving the cultural confidence.The object of this paper is to improving the effectiveness of education.

Blood from a case of group B epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis identified in February 2024 in Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province,and throat swabs from close contacts were collected for isolation and culture.The isolates were subjected to serogrouping,drug sensitivity testing,and whole genome sequencing and analysis,to provide a basis for epidemiological inves-tigation and clinical drug use.One strain of Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from the blood of the case and denoted group B.The MLST type was ST-7962,with no clonal group attribution.The phylogenetic tree showed that it was genetically close to the 1977 Shanghai carrier isolate(id-52231).Drug sensitivity results indicated that the strain was sensitive to 8 drugs:azithro-mycin,cefotaxime,minocycline,ceftriaxone,chloramphenicol,meropenem,rifampicin,and benzylpenicillin;resistant to cot-rimoxazole,levofloxacin,and ciprofloxacin;and showed an intermediate response to penicillin.This report describes the first case of ST-7962 group B meningoencephalitis found in Jiangxi Province.Monitoring of Neisseria meningitidis carriage,drug re-sistance,and molecular characteristics of strains in the healthy population in this region should be strengthened,to provide la-boratory support for the clinical use of medications,traceability,and control of the pathogen underlying meningoencephalitis infection.

This study aims to simultaneously detect three antibiotic resistance genes(blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr).A triplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method was established.Plasmids,primers and probes were designed and optimized.The method could specifically detect blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr,but not other antibiotic resistance genes.The R2 of the standard curves of the three antibiotic re-sistance genes were all greater than 0.999,and the coefficients of variation were all lower than 1％.The lowest detection limits of the plasmids were 1 × 102 copies/μL.This method was used to de-tect 800 bacterial samples.The results showed that 32 samples contained mcr-1 gene,40 samples contained blaNDM gene,2 samples contained cfr gene,8 samples contained both mcr-1 and blaNDM genes.There were no samples carrying three antibiotic resistance genes detected.The results indica-ted that the triplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method established in this experiment had the advantages of high sensitivity,specificity and stability.It was suitable for rapid detection of blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr antibiotic resistance genes in clinical practice.It provided a convenient and quick method basis for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes.

Blood from a case of group B epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis identified in February 2024 in Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province,and throat swabs from close contacts were collected for isolation and culture.The isolates were subjected to serogrouping,drug sensitivity testing,and whole genome sequencing and analysis,to provide a basis for epidemiological inves-tigation and clinical drug use.One strain of Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from the blood of the case and denoted group B.The MLST type was ST-7962,with no clonal group attribution.The phylogenetic tree showed that it was genetically close to the 1977 Shanghai carrier isolate(id-52231).Drug sensitivity results indicated that the strain was sensitive to 8 drugs:azithro-mycin,cefotaxime,minocycline,ceftriaxone,chloramphenicol,meropenem,rifampicin,and benzylpenicillin;resistant to cot-rimoxazole,levofloxacin,and ciprofloxacin;and showed an intermediate response to penicillin.This report describes the first case of ST-7962 group B meningoencephalitis found in Jiangxi Province.Monitoring of Neisseria meningitidis carriage,drug re-sistance,and molecular characteristics of strains in the healthy population in this region should be strengthened,to provide la-boratory support for the clinical use of medications,traceability,and control of the pathogen underlying meningoencephalitis infection.

Building morality and cultivating people is the fundamental task of national education,and the reform of curricu-lum ideological and political teaching is an important way to realize the task.In the practice of curriculum ideological and political edu-cation,curriculum is the carrier,ideological and political is the direction.In order to explore the ideological and political education mode of professional courses and achieve the educational goal of"casting the soul and educating people",the pathogenic biology teach-ing team of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine takes the basic medical course"Basic Immunology and Pathogenic Biology"as breakthrough point,the team excavated ideological and political elements,built a teaching system,reformed teaching methods,ex-plored and innovated in actual teaching according to course characteristics.Therefore,they achieve certain educational results.This paper summarizes and analyzes the practice and thinking in teaching reform,in order to provide some references for the reform and construction of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.

Objective:To observe effect of immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide on"extrapulmonary transmission"of mouse model of influenza virus pneumonia.Methods:BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group,virus group,cyclophospha-mide group,virus+cyclophosphamide group.Cyclophosphamide group and virus+cyclophosphamide group were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide once,24 h afterwards,virus group and virus+cyclophosphamide group were administered nasal influ-enza virus to establish influenza virus infection model,and 3,5,7 days after nasal instillation,lung index,heart index,liver index,spleen index and kidney index were measured by conventional methods;pathological changes of lung tissue,heart tissue,liver tissue,spleen tissue and kidney tissue were observed by HE staining;ELISA was used to detect levels of serum inflammatory cytokines IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α;RT-qPCR was used to detect influenza virus load and expressions of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α in each tissue.Results:Compared with normal group and virus group,lung index and heart index of mice in virus+cyclophosphamide group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);spleen index was significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);lung tissue,heart tissue,liver tissue and spleen tissue showed different degrees of pathological damage;serum inflammatory factor IL-6 level was increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01);lung tissue,heart tissue,liver tissue,spleen tissue and mRNA levels of IAV NP in kidney tissue were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);mRNA levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in lung and heart tissues were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide can cause damage to extrapul-monary tissues and organs in a mouse model of influenza virus pneumonia,among which heart damage is the most serious.Cyclophos-phamide is beneficial to establish model of"extrapulmonary transmission"of influenza virus pneumonia.

Objective:To discuss the efficacy of treating allergic rhinoconjunctivitis(ARC)with intranasal acupuncture at Neiyingxiang(EX-HN9)and Biqiu(Extra)points and the effects on inflammatory cells.Methods:A total of 207 ARC patients were recruited and divided into an observation group(104 cases)and a control group(103 cases)using the random number table method.The control group was prescribed desloratadine dispersible tablets and azelastine hydrochloride eye drops for 1 week,and the observation group was given additional acupuncture at bilateral Neiyingxiang(EX-HN9)and Biqiu(Extra)points,once daily consecutively over 1 week.The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups when the treatment finished.Before and after treatment,both groups were scored using the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire(RQLQ),and the levels of blood eosinophils(EOS)and interleukin(IL)-17 were detected.The cured cases were observed for recurrence rate at the 6-month follow-up.Results:The observation group had more significant clinical efficacy than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,The RQLQ score declined in both groups(P<0.05)and was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,the levels of blood EOS and IL-17 dropped in the two groups and were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).At the 6-month follow-up among the cured cases,a lower recurrence rate was found in the observation group compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Based on conventional medications,acupuncture at Neiyingxiang(EX-HN9)and Biqiu(Extra)points can notably enhance the clinical efficacy in treating ARC patients,reducing the inflammatory cells and lowering the recurrence rate.

This study aims to simultaneously detect three antibiotic resistance genes(blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr).A triplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method was established.Plasmids,primers and probes were designed and optimized.The method could specifically detect blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr,but not other antibiotic resistance genes.The R2 of the standard curves of the three antibiotic re-sistance genes were all greater than 0.999,and the coefficients of variation were all lower than 1％.The lowest detection limits of the plasmids were 1 × 102 copies/μL.This method was used to de-tect 800 bacterial samples.The results showed that 32 samples contained mcr-1 gene,40 samples contained blaNDM gene,2 samples contained cfr gene,8 samples contained both mcr-1 and blaNDM genes.There were no samples carrying three antibiotic resistance genes detected.The results indica-ted that the triplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method established in this experiment had the advantages of high sensitivity,specificity and stability.It was suitable for rapid detection of blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr antibiotic resistance genes in clinical practice.It provided a convenient and quick method basis for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes.

Objective To study the characteristics of animal models of pulmonary fibrosis so as to provide a reference for the standardization of such models,and to guide research on the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.Methods Studies using experimental pulmonary fibrosis in animals published in the past 10 years were retrieved from the CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed,and PubMed databases.Factors including animal species,sex,modeling method,and detection index were summarized,and the data were analyzed using Excel.Results A total of 292 eligible studies were included.The animals mainly included SD rats,Wistar rats,and C57BL/6 mice,and most were male.The most common modeling drugs were bleomycin,paraquat,and silica suspension,mainly administered by intratracheal injection,with a typical modeling cycle of 28 d.The detection indexes mainly comprised lung tissue pathology and measurements of protein expression,cytokine levels,and biochemical indexes.Conclusions SD rats and C57BL/6 mice were the most commonly used animals for experimental pulmonary fibrosis,and intratracheal injection of bleomycin(5 mg/kg)was the most frequently used modeling method.This approach allows for the straightforward and effective replication of pathological features resembling human pulmonary fibrosis,and may serve as a reference for future experimental studies using animal models of pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective:Investigate the impact of calcification on the long-term outcomes of patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients who underwent PCI and had at least one CTO lesion at Fuwai Hospital between January 2010 and December 2013 were consecutively enrolled. Calcification was evaluated by coronary angiography, and patients were divided into two groups: moderate/severe calcification group and non/mild calcification group. Clinical follow-up was completed up to 5 years. Incidence of PCI-related complications and immediate procedural outcomes were compared between two groups, and the primary endpoint was the target lesion failure (TLF) at 5 years after PCI. Clinical follow-up endpoint events were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank test, and Cox multivariate regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between calcification and TLF.Results:The study included 2 659 CTO patients with an age of (57.2±10.5) years, of whom 442 (16.6%) were female, and among whom 13.5% (360/2 659) had moderate/severe calcification. Compared with the non/mild calcification group, the moderate/severe calcification group had a higher incidence of PCI-related complications (43.2% (156/361) vs. 32.5% (772/2 374), P<0.001) and procedural failure (34.3% (124/361) vs. 24.3% (577/2 374), P<0.001). Additionally, the moderate/severe calcification group showed a higher risk of the primary endpoint event (TLF) during the 5-year follow-up (19.8% vs. 15.3%, log-rank P=0.028). Higher incidence of cardiac death was observed in moderate/severe calcification group (5.7% vs. 2.7%, log-rank P=0.003). Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that moderate/severe calcified plaques remained an independent risk factor for 5-year TLF after CTO-PCI ( HR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.01-1.79, P=0.043). Conclusion:Compared with CTO patients with non/mild calcification, those with moderate/severe calcification have higher procedural failure and complication rates, as well as poorer long-term prognosis, mainly due to an increase in cardiac death.