Based on spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness as the core pathogenesis of obesity， and integrating recent advances in modern medicine regarding the key role of immune inflammation in obesity， this paper proposes a multidimensional pathogenic network of "obesity-spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness-immune imbalance". Various traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） herbs that strengthen the spleen， regulate qi， and resolve phlegm and dampness can treat obesity by improving spleen-stomach transport and transformation， promoting water-damp metabolism， and regulating immune homeostasis. This highlights immune inflammation as an important entry point to elucidate the TCM concepts of "spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness" and the therapeutic principle of "strengthening the spleen and eliminating dampness to treat obesity". By systematically analyzing the intrinsic connection between "spleen deficiency generating dampness， internal accumulation of phlegm dampness" and immune dysregulation in obesity， this paper aims to provide theoretical support for TCM treatment of obesity based on dampness.

In hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), the programmed cell death known as ferroptosis is significantly activated. Microglial cells demonstrate a high level of sensitivity to iron accumulation. Understanding how to regulate the dual role of microglia and transforming the microglial ferroptosis to a moderate and controllable process has considerable implications for the targeted treatment in HIBD. This paper serves as an overview of microglia-mediated ferroptosis in HIBD as a disease model. We discuss various aspects centered around microglia, including pathophysiological mechanisms, polarization and functions of microglia, molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, signaling pathways, and therapeutic strategies. The review aims to provide a reference for studies of ferroptosis in microglia.
Microglia/physiology* ; Ferroptosis/physiology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology* ; Signal Transduction

Objective The study aims to investigate the immunological functions of the nucleocapsid (N) protein of the novel coronavirus Omicron (BA.1, BA.2) and evaluate the differences among different N proteins of mutant strains in immunogenicity. Methods By aligning sequences, the mutation sites of the Omicron (BA.1, BA.2) N protein relative to prototype strain of the novel coronavirus (Wuhan-Hu-1) were determined. The pET-28a-N-Wuhan-Hu-1 plasmid was used as template to construct pET-28a-BA.1/BA.2-N through single point mutation or homologous recombination. The three kinds of N protein were expressed in prokaryotic system, purified through Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, and then immunized into mice. The titer and reactivity of the polyclonal antibody, as well as the expression level of IL-1β and IFN-γ in mouse spleen cells, were detected using indirect ELISA and Western blot assay. Results The constructed prokaryotic expression plasmids were successfully used to express the Wuhan-Hu-1 N, BA.1 N, and BA.2 N proteins in E.coli BL21(DE3) at 37 DegreesCelsius for 4 hours. The indirect ELISA test showed that the titers of polyclonal antibody prepared by three N proteins were all 1:51 200. All three N proteins can increase the expression of IFN-γ and IL-1β cytokines, but the effect of Omicron N protein in activing two cytokines was more obvious than that of Wuhan-Hu-1 N protein. Conclusion The study obtained three new coronavirus N proteins and polyclonal antibodies, and confirmed that mutations in the amino acid sites of the N protein can affect its immunogenicity. This provides a basis for developing rapid diagnostic methods targeting N protein of different novel coronavirus variants.
Animals ; Mice ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology* ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/isolation & purification* ; COVID-19/immunology* ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism* ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Female ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Mutation ; Humans

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis, despite advancements in treatment. Many patients struggle with relapse or refractory disease. Investigating the role of the super-enhancer (SE) regulated gene ubiquitin-specific protease 20 (USP20) in T-ALL could enhance targeted therapies and improve clinical outcomes. Analysis of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data from six T-ALL cell lines and seven pediatric samples identified USP20 as an SE-regulated driver gene. Utilizing the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and BloodSpot databases, it was found that USP20 is specifically highly expressed in T-ALL. Knocking down USP20 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) increased apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in T-ALL cells. In vivo studies showed that USP20 knockdown reduced tumor growth and improved survival. The USP20 inhibitor GSK2643943A demonstrated similar anti-tumor effects. Mass spectrometry, RNA-Seq, and immunoprecipitation revealed that USP20 interacted with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) and stabilized it by deubiquitination. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) results indicated that USP20 co-localized with HIF1A, jointly modulating target genes in T-ALL. This study identifies USP20 as a therapeutic target in T-ALL and suggests GSK2643943A as a potential treatment strategy.

AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Qingre sanzhuo decoction on rats with hyperuri-caemia combined with gouty arthritis and its effect on TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signalling pathway.METHODS:Forty-eight SD male rats were randomly divided into blank,model,and colchicine groups(0.3 mg·kg-1·d-1),and Origre sanzhou decotion low,medium and high-dosage groups(7.42,14.85,29.70 g·kg-1·d-1),which were treated with the modified Coderre method for hyperuricemia combined with acute gouty arthritis via gavage of yeast paste combined with potassium oxa-late,which was used for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis combined with hyperuricemia.A composite rat model of acute gouty arthritis was constructed by combining yeast paste with potassium oxalate gavage to cause hyperuricaemia,combined with the modified Coderre method.After 7 days of intervention,the circumference of the right ankle joint of rats was measured and the swelling of the ankle joint was calculated,the blood uric acid(HUA)level of rats was determined by biochemical method,the histopatho-logical and morphological changes of the synovial membrane of the ankle joint of rats were examined by HE staining,and the serum levels of inflammatory factors,tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),inter-leukin-6(IL-6),and IL-1β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and Western blotting was performed to determine the levels of inflammatory factors,TNF-α,and IL-1β.The protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),myeloid differentiation factor 88(Myd88),and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)in the synovial tissues of the ankle joints of the rats were determined by Western blot method,and the mRNA expression of TLR4,Myd88,and NF-κB in the rat was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR).RESULTS:Compared with the blank group,rats in the model group showed significantly lower ankle joint swelling(P<0.01),increased levels of HUA,dis-organised synovial tissue structure,large number of inflammatory cells infiltration,and significantly higher serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β(P<0.01),and the protein and mRNA expression levels of TLR4,Myd88,and NF-κB in the synovial membrane of the ankle joints of the model group were significantly increased(P<0.01).levels were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with the model group,joint swelling was significantly reduced in the colchicine group,and the medium-and high-dose groups of Qingre sanzhuo decoction(P<0.05);synovial hyperplasia and inflam-matory cell infiltration were improved in the colchicine group and the medium-and high-dose groups of Qingre sanzhuo decoction,and the HUA and the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β were significantly decreased in the dosing groups(P<0.05,P<0.01),and compared with the model group,the medium-and high-dose groups of Qingre sanzhuo decoction could significantly reduce the expression of TLR4,Myd88,and NF-κB protein and mRNA(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Qingre sanzhuo decoction reduces the release of inflamma-tory factors by inhibiting the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway,and plays a role in the treatment of hyper-uricaemia combined with gouty arthritis.

Objective:To explore the configurational factors influencing the professional commitment of Master of Nursing Specialist (MNS) students and identify effective paths to enhance their professional commitment.Methods:A convenience sample of MNS students from six hospitals in Jiangsu Province, Shanghai City, and Anhui Province was surveyed between December 2023 and October 2024. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Nurses' Professional Commitment Scale (NPCS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the Multidimentional Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Vocational Outcome Expectation Scale (VOE-R). Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) was used to explore the configurational influences on professional commitment.Results:A total of 332 questionnaires were distributed, and 302 valid responses were obtained (effective response rate: 90.1%). The mean NPCS score among respondents was (89.30±22.42), indicating a upper-middle level of professional commitment. The fsQCA results revealed that the frequency of night shift rotation was a necessary condition affecting professional commitment. A total of three distinct configurations (paths) were identified that can enhance the professional commitment of MNS students.Conclusions:The professional commitment of MNS students is influenced by multiple interacting factors. It is recommended that hospitals, universities, and nursing educators develop targeted interventions based on these identified configurations to improve professional commitment.

Objective To evaluate the quality of Xi xiong(Gansu Chuanxiong)based on the combination of intelligent sensory technology,HPLC and HS-SPME-GC-MS.Methods The chromaticity values of 10 batches of Gansu Chuanxiong Rhizoma samples were measured using a colorimeter and clustering analysis was performed;an electronic nose was used to measure the odor of Gansu Chuanxiong Rhizoma,and Loadings and PCA were conducted;According to the method under the Chuanxiaong Rhizoma section of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the moisture,ash content and extract were determined;HPLC was used to determine the contents of ferulic acid,chlorogenic acid and ligustrazine;the volatile components were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS;the quality of Gansu Chuanxiong Rhizoma was evaluated by analyzing the correlation between chromaticity value,odor and active components.Results The total color value of Gansu Chuanxiong Rhizoma ranged from 31.210 1±1.193 7 to 43.976 3±0.721 4,at the Euclidean distance of 10,and the 10 batches of Gansu Chuanxiong Rhizoma could be clustered into four categories;Loadings and PCA showed that the higher contribution of sensors W2S,W5S,W2W,W1W and W1S to Gansu Chuanxiong Rhizoma samples,the variance contribution of the first and second principal components was 62.6%and 22.4%,respectively;water,ash and extract in 10 batches of Gansu Chuanxiong Rhizoma all met the standards of Chinese Pharmacopoeia;the HPLC determination results indicated that the content of ferulic acid in Gansu Chuanxiong Rhizoma was greater than 0.192 6%,ligustrazine content was between 0.001 2%and 0.006 1%,chlorogenic acid content was greater than 0.016 4%;HS-SPME-GC-MS results indicated 52 volatile components were identified in Gansu Chuanxiong Rhizoma samples,the olefin compounds were rich in species,phenyphthalide compounds had the highest relative content;the correlation analysis showed that the color values ΔL*,Δb* and ΔE showed a high degree of correlation with ferulic acid and ligusticum tecidate A.Conclusion This study clarifies the intrinsic quality of Gansu Chuanxiong Rhizoma and provides a theoretical basis for research on Gansu Chuanxiong Rhizoma.

Objective To analyze the medication law and compatibility characteristics of TCM compounds for the treatment of myocardial infarction in the national patent database.Methods TCM compounds for treating myocardial infarction were retrieved from CNIPA patent publication website.A prescription database was built using Excel 2019 software to statistically analyze the frequency of medicinal use and their properties,taste and meridian tropism;SPSS Modeler 18.0 software was used to analyze the association rules of drugs;a network of Chinese materia medica co-occurrence was constructed using Cytoscape 3.10.0,and systematic clustering analysis was performed on the Chinese materia medica in the core network.Results A total of 146 patents of TCM compounds were included,involved 440 kinds of Chinese materia medica.High frequency drugs included Salviea Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,etc.The main property was warm,the main tastes were bitter,sweet and pungent,and the medicines mostly belongs to the liver meridian,heart meridian and spleen meridians.Commonly used medicinal pairs included Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Astragali Radix-Salviea Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Rubra-Angelicae Sinensis Radix,etc.Commonly used tripartite combinations included Paeoniae Radix Rubra-Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Carthami Flos-Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Carthami Flos-Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Angelicae Sinensis Radix,etc.Clustering analysis showed four types of combinations.Conclusion TCM compound patents for the treatment of myocardial infarction is based on promoting blood circulation,removing blood stasis,and relieving pain,while also using methods such as eliminating phlegm,tonifying qi,warming yang,and nourishing yin.It can provide references for clinical medication.

Objective:To explore the factors influencing the recovery of swallowing function after a brainstem hemorrhage and to construct a prediction model.Methods:Clinical data on 134 persons with dysphagia after a brainstem hemorrhage were collected retrospectively. According to their swallowing ability at discharge, the patients were divided into a swallowing recovery group and a non-recovery group. Univariate correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the independent factors influencing the recovery of swallowing function and to construct a prediction nomogram. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were evaluated to analyze the nomogram′s predictive value and those of the relevant influencing factors.Results:Sixty-two of the patients (46%) had recovered their swallowing function at discharge, while 72 (54%) had not. Univariate correlation analysis showed that there had been significant differences in tracheal intubation, NIHSS score, FOIS score, Barthel index and Glasgow coma scale (GCS )score between the two groups, on average. The multivariate logistic regressions showed that a low NIHSS score, a high FOIS score and a high GCS score were independent predictors of swallowing function recovery, so they were used in the prediction model. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model was 0.953 (95% CI: 0.902~0.982) with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 93%. The model′s predictions were thus better than using an NIHSS score, GCS score or FOIS score alone. Conclusions:NIHSS score, GCS score and FOIS score can independently predict the recovery of swallowing function after a brainstem hemorrhage. A prediction model constructed using all three has good predictive power.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of age,period and cohort on the incidence and death of ovarian cancer in China from 1992 to 2021.Methods The incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in China from 1992 to 2021 were analyzed using the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database.The time trend of standardized incidence and standardized mortality of ovarian cancer from 1992 to 2021 was analyzed using Join Point 4.8.0.1 software,and the average annual change percent-age change(AAPC)was calculated.The age-period-cohort model was used to analyze the effects of age,period and birth cohort on the incidence and mortality trend of ovarian cancer.Results In 2021,the incidence(3.67/100,000)and mortality rate(2.18/100,000)of ovarian cancer in China increased by 61.85% and 66.06% ,respectively,compared with 1992.The trend analysis showed that the standardized incidence and standardized mortality of ovarian cancer in China decreased from 1992 to 2021,and the AAPC was-0.10% (95% CI:-0.40% -0.12% ,P>0.05)and-0.60% (95% CI:-0.80% --0.30% ,P<0.05),respectively.From 2014 to 2021,the standardized incidence and standardized mortality of ovarian cancer showed an increasing trend,with an average annual in-crease of 1.58% and 1.42% ,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of age-effect analysis showed that the overall incidence of ovarian cancer distributed by age in China from 1992 to 2021 increased first and then decreased,with a rapid increase trend at the age of 15 to 54,a fluctuating trend at the age of 55 to 69,and a downward trend after 70.The mortality showed an increasing trend between the ages of 15 to 74,and then a decreasing trend after the age of after 75.The results of period-effect analysis showed that from 1992 to 2021,the relative risk(RR)of ovarian cancer incidence risk in China showed an overall de-creasing trend.Taking the period from 2002 to 2006 as the reference group(RR=1.00),the incidence risk was the highest from 1997 to 2001(RR=1.09,95% CI:1.04-1.15).The period change of mortality risk for ovarian cancer showed a decreasing trend in RR values,with the reference group from 2002 to 2006(RR=1.00),and the highest mortality risk from 1992 to 1996(RR=1.15,95% CI:1.09-1.20).The results of cohort-effect analysis showed that people born later had a lower risk of occurring and dying from ovar-ian cancer.Conclusion Although the trend of standardized incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in China decreased from 1992 to 2021,the trend of standardized incidence and standardized mortality of ovarian cancer increased from 2014 to 2021.The period effect shows that the risk of onset was highest from 1997 to 2001,and the risk of death was higher from 1992 to 1996.The cohort effect indicates that individuals born later are at a lower risk of occurring and dying from ovarian cancer.