ObjectiveTo investigate the cognition of e-cigarette compositions and hazards and its influencing factors among secondary school personnel （junior， senior and vocational high school） in Shanghai， so as to provide ideas for improving the cognition level of e-cigarettes among the school personnel and tobacco control efforts on campus in the future. MethodsA multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct an anonymous online questionnaire survey among 1 767 secondary school personnel in Shanghai. ResultsThe proportion of school staff who had used e-cigarettes was 3.79%. The participants who were not sure whether the e-cigarette smoke was “mainly water vapor （incorrect）” and whether the e-cigarette smoke “contained nicotine （correct）” and “contained formaldehyde （correct）” accounted for 62.71%， 54.44% and 61.91%， respectively. Among them， 68.48%， 55.46% and 50.37%， respectively， agreed that e-cigarettes would be “addictive”， “harmful” and “that second-hand smoke was harmful”. Binary logistic regression analysis showed the following risk factors for the low level of school personnel’s awareness of e-cigarette compositions： age ≥40 years （OR=1.65， 95%CI： 1.32‒2.06）， working in junior high school （OR=1.37， 95%CI： 1.09‒1.73）， educational attainment level as junior college or below （OR=1.67， 95%CI： 1.02‒2.74）， and not having participated in tobacco control education activities （OR=1.37， 95%CI： 1.08‒1.73）. Meanwhile， working in junior （OR=1.43， 95%CI： 1.12‒1.83） or senior （OR=1.44， 95%CI： 1.08‒1.92） high school， educational attainment level as junior college or below（OR=2.10， 95%CI： 1.24‒3.56）， having used e-cigarettes （OR=2.98， 95%CI： 1.63‒5.42）， not having participated in tobacco control education activities （OR=1.49， 95%CI： 1.16‒1.92） and low level of awareness of e-cigarette compositions （OR=4.24， 95%CI： 3.44‒5.23） were risk factors for the low level of school personnel’s awareness of e-cigarette hazards. ConclusionsThe level of e-cigarette awareness among school personnel in Shanghai is low， especially those who are older， had low educational attainment level and had used e-cigarettes. In the future， tobacco control education for school personnel should be strengthened to improve their cognition and ability of tobacco control on campus.

In recent years, with the vigorous marketing of e-cigarette manufacturers, e-cigarettes have become a popular tobacco product for adolescents. The problem of e-cigarette environmental exposure among adolescents is also getting worse and its associated adverse impacts cannot be ignored. However, domestic research on the environmental exposure to e-cigarettes among youth is insufficient, and experience on e-cigarette regulation is also limited. This review first briefly introduced the definition and sources of e-cigarette environment exposure, then focused on the differences of e-cigarette environmental exposure among adolescents with different characteristics to identify possible influencing factors, as well as the impacts of e-cigarette environmental exposure on adolescents, and finally summarized international countermeasures to prevent e-cigarette environmental exposure in adolescents, aiming to provide directional guidance for China to conduct e-cigarette control activities among adolescents.

Background::To date, there is no effective medicine to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the antiviral efficacy of arbidol in the treatment for COVID-19 remained equivocal and controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of arbidol tablets in the treatment of COVID-19.Methods::This was a prospective, open-label, controlled and multicenter investigator-initiated trial involving adult patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients were stratified 1:2 to either standard-of-care (SOC) or SOC plus arbidol tablets (oral administration of 200 mg per time, three times a day for 14 days). The primary endpoint was negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week. The rates and 95% confidential intervals were calculated for each variable.Results::A total of 99 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled; 66 were assigned to the SOC plus arbidol tablets group, and 33 to the SOC group. The negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week in patients receiving arbidol tablets was significantly higher than that of the SOC group (70.3% [45/64] vs. 42.4% [14/33]; difference of conversion rate 27.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7%-48.1%; P = 0.008). Compared to those in the SOC group, patients receiving arbidol tablets had a shorter duration of clinical recovery (median 7.0 days vs. 12.0 days; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.877, 95% CI: 1.151-3.060, P = 0.006), symptom of fever (median 3.0 days vs. 12.0 days; HR: 18.990, 95% CI: 5.350-67.410, P < 0.001), as well as hospitalization (median 12.5 days vs. 20.0 days; P < 0.001). Moreover, the addition of arbidol tablets to SOC led to more rapid normalization of declined blood lymphocytes (median 10.0 days vs. 14.5 days; P > 0.05). The most common adverse event in the arbidol tablets group was the elevation of transaminase (5/200, 2.5%), and no one withdrew from the study due to adverse events or disease progression. Conclusions::SOC plus arbidol tablets significantly increase the negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week and accelerate the recovery of COVID-19 patients. During the treatment with arbidol tablets, we find no significant serious adverse events.Trial registration::Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, NCT04260594, www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04260594?term= NCT04260594&draw=2&rank=1

Objective:To determine the value of lung function, cannula diameter and swallowing function in predicting the success of tube blocking in patients with severe neurological diseases so as to standardize the tracheal decannulation procedure.Methods:The tracheotomy tube blocking of 28 neurological disease patients was studied retrospectively. Before their tracheotomy tubes were blocked the patients′ lung function and swallowing function had been evaluated, and sputum volume and endotracheal tube diameter had been recorded.Results:The five most useful predictors of success in tracheotomy tube blocking were FVC, FVC%, FEV1 (L), FEV1 (L), FEV1 (L) and PEF(L/S). Their OR values were all greater than 1, indicating good predictive power. FEV1 and PEF showed the best predictive power, with OR values of 81.70 and 27.77, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the other indicators. FEV1 predicted that the best truncation value for tracheotomy tube blocking success is 0.42L, achieving a sensitivity was 100% a specificity of 63.64%, and a correction index of 0.636.Conclusion:FEV1 values can be a useful predictor of successful tracheotomy tube blocking. Using it should improve the success rate of tube decannulation.

Objective To observe the effects of long-chain non-coding RNA XLOC009038 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma EC 109 and EC9706 cells and explore its mechanism. Methods XLOC009038 interfering plasmid was constructed and transfected into EC 109 and EC9706 cells to down-regulate the expression of XLOC009038 gene. MTT colorimetry and clonogenic assay were used to observe the changes of cell proliferation and cloning ability before and after gene down-regulation.Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. Transwell was used to measure the changes of cell migration and invasion ability before and after transfection. Western blot was used to detect the expression of procaspase 3 protein in cells before and after transfection. Results The expression of XLOC009038 gene in the two cells was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). After down-regulation of XLOC009038 gene expression, the cloning and proliferation ability of EC 109 and EC9706 cells decreased significantly (P< 0.05). Compared with the control group, the migration and invasion ability of EC 109 and EC9706 cells decreased significantly (P < 0.001).Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of EC 109 and EC9706 cells increased after down-regulation of XLOC009038 (P <0.001). The expression of procaspase 3 increased in the experimental group after interfering with XLOC009038 (P = 0.013; P < 0.001). Conclusions Over-expression of XLOC009038 might be closely related to occurrence and development of the esophageal cancer. Over-expression of XLOC009038 can enhance the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells in vitro through the procaspase3 pathway.

Objective To study the mutation rate of hereditary deafness genes found in the newborn babies and to explore the feasibility of routine screening of congenital deafness for the newborns.Method The cord blood were taken to tcst four common deafness genes using gene chip technology in newborn infants born in our Hospital from May 2015 to May 2017 and screening of hearing was performed 48 hours after birth.x2 test was used to analyze the results of gene screening and the hearing screening data obtained after 42 days.Result A total of 2 615 newborns were enrolled in the study and 2 455 cases passed the hearing screening test 48 hours after birth (the passing rate was 93.9％).143 cases passed the hearing screening after 42 days with the passing rate of 99.3％.The mutation of deafness gene from the newborn's cord blood was detected in 107 cases with the rate of 4.1％.96 of 107 infants with deafness gene mutations passed the hearing screening (89.7％).While in infants without this mutation,2 502 cases passed the hearing screening (99.8％,2 502/2 508).The rate of hearing defects in children with deafness gene mutation was significantly higher than those without this gene mutation,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =160.199,P ＜0.001).Of the 107 cases,the most common mutation was GJB2 (49 cases,45.8％),followed by SLC26A4 (37 cases,34.6％) and mtDNA 12SrRNA (13 cases,12.1％),while the GJB3 was the least (8 cases,7.5％).6 cases were diagnosed the neonate hearing loss at 3 months in 17 newborns who failed to pass repeat screening test 42 days after birth.Among them,hearing loss was caused by the mutation in 5 cases.Conclusion The main mutated genes in children with deafness were GJB2 and SLC26A4 in this study.The combination of hearing screening of newborns and gene test is clinically feasible.The deafness genes in the normal hearing carriers can be detected in time.It is of great advantage for early intervention and treament of the infants early.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of MT-ND1 m.3635G>A mutation in the pathogenesis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

METHODSBiochemical characteristics including the activity of complex Ⅰ, ATP production and oxygen consumption rate among lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from 3 carriers, 3 affected matrilineal relatives of the families and 3 controls were compared.

RESULTSComparison of mitochondrial functions in lymphoblastoid cell lines of the carriers, patients and controls showed a 51.0% decrease in the activity of complex Ⅰ in patients compared with controls (P<0.05). The m.3635G>A mutation has resulted in decreased efficiency of ATP synthesis (P<0.05). Comparison of oxygen consumption rate showed that the basal OCR (P<0.05), ATP-linked OCR (P<0.05) and the maximum OCR (P<0.05) have all reduced to some extent compared with the controls.

CONCLUSIONThese results showed that m.3635G>A, as a LHON-associated mutation, can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Adenosine Triphosphate ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mitochondria ; genetics ; Mutation ; genetics ; NADH Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber ; genetics ; Pedigree

Objective To explore the action of nurses etiquette scene assessment to clinical nurses carrying out the etiquette rules consciously .Methods An inspection team was established to assess the scene of nurses etiquette;scoring criteria , evaluation methods and evaluation of the program were set up for the assessment .At first weeks of every month , from September to November in 2015 , when the patients′nursing satisfaction was surveyed , nurses etiquette service status in hospital was tested using scoring criteria of nurses etiquette scene assessment privately which was assigned as the control group .As the observed group, during the period of the first weeks of December , 2015 to February, 2016, While nursing satisfaction questionnaires were implemented , all ward nurses etiquette was tested openly .All nurses of two groups received routine training and theory of etiquette training before coming to the wards .Results Scores of control group were lower than the observed group , and the total scores , the scores of nurse dressing code and communication behavior norms were different between the two groups (P <0.05).The nursing service satisfaction of control group was lower than the observed group (P<0.05).Conclusions Scene assessment of nurse etiquette can help nurses improve compliance with the norms of etiquette consciously and the patients′satisfaction of nursing service .

Objective To report the clinical,myopathological and genetic features of a patient with distal myopathy caused by caveolin-3 (CAV3) deficiency.Methods The patient was a 27-year-old female.She had an onset symptom of asymmetric lower extremities weakness.The proximal limb-girdle muscles were involved subsequently.Clinical data of this patient were collected.The leg muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and an open biopsy of left tibialis anterior muscle were performed.In addition to histological,enzyme histochemical staining and ultrastructural examination,immunohistochemical staining with antibody against CAV3 was done.CAV3 gene was analyzed in the patient and her parents.Results Tl-weighted enhanced skeletal muscle MRI of the lower limbs showed the abnormal signal in distal and proximal muscles.Muscle biopsy showed moderate dystrophic changes and immunostaining for CAV3 showed reduced plasmalemma in the muscle fibers.Gene analysis disclosed a heterozygous c.136G ＞ A (p.Ala46Thr)mutation in the CAV3 gene,and the patient's parents did not have this mutation.Conclusions We report a distal myopathy case caused by c.136G ＞ A (p.Ala46Thr) mutation in the CAV3 gene,who had an onset symptom of asymmetric lower extremities weakness.The proximal limb-girdal muscles were also involved.This would help clinical doctors to know more about this rare myopathy.

Objective To explore the value of joint detection of serum cystatin C (Cys C) ,retinol‐binding protein(RBP) ,urea ni‐trogen(BUN) and creatinine(Cr) in early diagnosis of nephropathy .Methods A total of 230 cases of inpatients with nephropathy form April 2013 to June 2014 were collected and divided into diabetic nephropathy group (130 cases)and hypertensive nephropathy group(100 cases) .Other 200 healthy individuals were collected as healthy control group .The serum levels of Cys C ,RBP ,BUN and Cr were detected by using the Hitachi 7180 automatic biochemistry analyzer .Results Compared with the healthy control group ,the sertum levels of Cys C ,RBP ,BUN and Cr were significantly increased in the diabetic nephropathy group ,and the serum levels of Cys C and RBP were significantly increased in hypertensive nephropathy group ,there were statistically significant differences (P<0 .05);while no statistically significant differences in serum levels of BUN and Cr were found between the hypertensive nephropathy group and healthy control group(P>0 .05) .Positive rates(81 .9% ) of the four indicators in the two nephropathy groups were high‐er than those in the healthy control group ,and the positive rate of joint detection of the four indicators was higher than single detec‐tion in patients with nephropathy .Conclusion Serum RBP and Cys C are sensitive indicators for early renal damage ,and combined with BUN and Cr could increase sensitivity of early diagnosis of nephropathy ,which has significant clinical value .