Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

This research investigated the contamination level,distribution of drug-resistant strains,and molecular epidemiologi-cal characteristics of Campylobacter,and further explored transmission pathways and prevention strategies.Cecum,chicken carcass,chicken product,and environmental samples,as well as swabs from workers'hands,were collected from a slaughterhouse in a large broiler group in the Jiaodong area between August 2023 and July 2024.Quantitative contamination assessment of Campylobacter in chicken carcasses and chicken products was performed.After microbial mass spectrometry identification,the representative strains of different links were selected for drug resistance testing and whole genome sequencing(WGS).On the basis of the sequencing results,the resistance genes,virulence genes,multilocus sequence typing(MLST),and phylogenetic characteristics of representative strains were analyzed.Homology comparisons were performed between isolates and strains from patients with diarrhea in the NCBI database.A total of 297 Campylobacter strains were isolated from 806 samples,and the overall detection rate was 36.85%.The detection rate of Campylobacter was highest in the evisceration process(47.33%),followed by the cutting process(35.64%).Overall,the Campylo-bacter detection rate first increased,then decreased,and subsequently increased.Drug sensitivity testing revealed that 90 isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin,and 94.97%of isolates were resistant to tetracycline.WGS showed that both Campylo-bacter jejuni(C.jejuni)and Campylobacter coli(C.coli)carried many drug resistance and virulence genes.ST-14176 of C.jejuni was isolated for the first time herein.The predominant ST-8261 strain of C.jejuni and ST-860,ST-829,and ST-1586 strains of C.coli are known to cause human diarrhea.LOS expression genes associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS)were detected in both C.jejuni isolates from the slaughter chain and patients with GBS.Some strains exhibited close genetic relatedness to human-derived Campylo-bacter strains from the NCBI database.The detection rate of Campylobacter in the slaughterhouse first increased,then decreased,and subsequently increased,and the quantitative contamination level of each link was similar to the detection rate.Quantitative analysis of chicken carcasses/products revealed that the average bacterial load was highest in eviscerated carcasses(102.80 cfu/g),and the high-est amount of Campylobacter in chicken products reached 451.80 cfu/g.Abundant drug resistance genes and virulence genes were iden-tified,and the drug resistance genes were highly correlated with the drug resistance rate.Therefore,surveillance intensity and control measures for Campylobacter in slaughter processes should be strengthened.

Molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)of colchicine(COL)were prepared by precipitation polymerization with COL as template,methacrylic acid(MAA)as monomer,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA)as crosslinking agent,azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN)as initiator and chloroform as porogen.The basic structure of the prepared MIPs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectrometry,and the adsorption properties of MIPs were evaluated by kinetic adsorption,isothermal adsorption and selective adsorption experiments.The results indicated that the prepared MIPs had uniform particles size,with a maximum adsorption capacity of 62.61 mg/g for COL and an imprinting factor of 3.74,and was suitable for sample pretreatment in determination of COL blood concentration,enabling the enrichment and separation of trace or even ultra-trace target components,thereby improving analytical capabilities.

This research investigated the contamination level,distribution of drug-resistant strains,and molecular epidemiologi-cal characteristics of Campylobacter,and further explored transmission pathways and prevention strategies.Cecum,chicken carcass,chicken product,and environmental samples,as well as swabs from workers'hands,were collected from a slaughterhouse in a large broiler group in the Jiaodong area between August 2023 and July 2024.Quantitative contamination assessment of Campylobacter in chicken carcasses and chicken products was performed.After microbial mass spectrometry identification,the representative strains of different links were selected for drug resistance testing and whole genome sequencing(WGS).On the basis of the sequencing results,the resistance genes,virulence genes,multilocus sequence typing(MLST),and phylogenetic characteristics of representative strains were analyzed.Homology comparisons were performed between isolates and strains from patients with diarrhea in the NCBI database.A total of 297 Campylobacter strains were isolated from 806 samples,and the overall detection rate was 36.85%.The detection rate of Campylobacter was highest in the evisceration process(47.33%),followed by the cutting process(35.64%).Overall,the Campylo-bacter detection rate first increased,then decreased,and subsequently increased.Drug sensitivity testing revealed that 90 isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin,and 94.97%of isolates were resistant to tetracycline.WGS showed that both Campylo-bacter jejuni(C.jejuni)and Campylobacter coli(C.coli)carried many drug resistance and virulence genes.ST-14176 of C.jejuni was isolated for the first time herein.The predominant ST-8261 strain of C.jejuni and ST-860,ST-829,and ST-1586 strains of C.coli are known to cause human diarrhea.LOS expression genes associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS)were detected in both C.jejuni isolates from the slaughter chain and patients with GBS.Some strains exhibited close genetic relatedness to human-derived Campylo-bacter strains from the NCBI database.The detection rate of Campylobacter in the slaughterhouse first increased,then decreased,and subsequently increased,and the quantitative contamination level of each link was similar to the detection rate.Quantitative analysis of chicken carcasses/products revealed that the average bacterial load was highest in eviscerated carcasses(102.80 cfu/g),and the high-est amount of Campylobacter in chicken products reached 451.80 cfu/g.Abundant drug resistance genes and virulence genes were iden-tified,and the drug resistance genes were highly correlated with the drug resistance rate.Therefore,surveillance intensity and control measures for Campylobacter in slaughter processes should be strengthened.

This study was aimed at exploring the epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhi-murium)and Salmonella typhimurium monophasic variants(S.1,4,[5],12:i:-)at the genome-wide level in Ningxia.Estab-lishment of a whole genome genotyping database would provide a theoretical basis for source and prevention and control of fu-ture outbreaks.We conducted serotyping,MLST,cgMLST typing,and virulence gene and drug resistance phenotype prediction of 92 strains of S.typhimurium and its monophasic variants through whole genome sequencing.Among all strains,21 were S.typhomurium,accounting for 22.83％,71 strains were S.1,4,[5],12:i:-,accounting for 77.17％.MLST and cgMLST typing results indicated that all S.typhimurium strains were ST19-type,and were divided into five evolutionary bran-ches.Five clusters were found,and S.1,4,[5],12:i:-were all ST34-type;on the same evolutionary branch,17 clusters were found.VFDB predicted 155 virulence genes in eight classes,of which 33.33％were S.typhimurium carried nine virulence genes on plasmids,and both serotypes carried virulence genes related to SPI virulence island on chromosomes,12:I:-resistant to 4-14 antibiotics,resulting in 22 multi-drug resistance spectrum.S.typhimurium was resistant to 2-13 antibiotics and produced eight multi-drug resistance profiles.S.1,4,[5],12:i:-was the predominant serotype of S.enteritidis in Ningxia.Typhimurium carried fewer virulence genes than S.typhimurium,and showed a high risk of local outbreaks.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

Objective To understand the distribution and changing resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Enterococcus in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for the clinical isolates of Enterococcus according to the unified protocol of CHINET program by automated systems,Kirby-Bauer method,or E-test strip.The results were interpreted according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints in 2021.WHONET 5.6 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 124 565 strains of Enterococcus were isolated during the 7-year period,mainly including Enterococcus faecalis(50.7％)and Enterococcus faecalis(41.5％).The strains were mainly isolated from urinary tract specimens(46.9％±2.6％),and primarily from the patients in the department of internal medicine,surgery and ICU.E.faecium and E.faecalis strains showed low level resistance rate to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid(≤3.6％).The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant E.faecalis and E.faecium was 0.1％and 1.3％,respectively.The prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis increased from 0.7％in 2015 to 3.4％in 2021,while the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecium was 0.3％.Conclusions The clinical isolates of Enterococcus were still highly susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid,evidenced by a low resistance rate.However,the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis was increasing during the 7-year period.It is necessary to strengthen antimicrobial resistance surveillance to effectively identify the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and curb the spread of resistant pathogens.

This study was aimed at exploring the epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhi-murium)and Salmonella typhimurium monophasic variants(S.1,4,[5],12:i:-)at the genome-wide level in Ningxia.Estab-lishment of a whole genome genotyping database would provide a theoretical basis for source and prevention and control of fu-ture outbreaks.We conducted serotyping,MLST,cgMLST typing,and virulence gene and drug resistance phenotype prediction of 92 strains of S.typhimurium and its monophasic variants through whole genome sequencing.Among all strains,21 were S.typhomurium,accounting for 22.83％,71 strains were S.1,4,[5],12:i:-,accounting for 77.17％.MLST and cgMLST typing results indicated that all S.typhimurium strains were ST19-type,and were divided into five evolutionary bran-ches.Five clusters were found,and S.1,4,[5],12:i:-were all ST34-type;on the same evolutionary branch,17 clusters were found.VFDB predicted 155 virulence genes in eight classes,of which 33.33％were S.typhimurium carried nine virulence genes on plasmids,and both serotypes carried virulence genes related to SPI virulence island on chromosomes,12:I:-resistant to 4-14 antibiotics,resulting in 22 multi-drug resistance spectrum.S.typhimurium was resistant to 2-13 antibiotics and produced eight multi-drug resistance profiles.S.1,4,[5],12:i:-was the predominant serotype of S.enteritidis in Ningxia.Typhimurium carried fewer virulence genes than S.typhimurium,and showed a high risk of local outbreaks.

Objective To investigate the effect of plateau hypoxia on the blood-brain barrier after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. Methods Adult male SD rats (n = 78) were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group (sham), SAH model group (SAH), plateau hypoxia sham group (Hp sham) and plateau hypoxia SAH model group (Hp SAH). The rat model of plateau hypoxia was established through low-pressure simulation chamber (altitude 5000 m), and the SAH model was established by endovascular perforation method. At 24 hours after SAH, neurobehavior score and SAH grade were assessed. The morphological changes of neurons and apoptosis of nerve cells in the CA1 region of hippocampal were observed by the staining of Nissl and TUNEL. The expression of phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), PI3K, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), Akt, phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (p-NF-κB), NF-κB, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), occludin and claudin-5 in hippocampal were detected by the method of Western blotting. The expression of occludin and claudin-5 proteins in the CA1 region of hippocampal were observed by immunofluorescent staining. Results At 24 hours after SAH, the neurobehavior score decreased significantly and SAH grade increased significantly in the SAH and Hp SAH group (P< 0.05). Neurobehavior score decreased significantly in the Hp SAH group compared with the SAH group (P < 0.05). In the SAH group, neurons in the CA1 region of hippocampus were atrophied and deformed, the arrangement were disordered, the number of neurons decreased significantly, and the apoptosis of nerve cells increased significantly(P< 0.05). Plateau hypoxia could aggravate the morphological damage of neurons and apoptosis of nerve cells. The expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, occludin and claudin-5 proteins decreased significantly, while the expression of p-NF-κB/NF-κB and MMP-9 proteins increased significantly in the SAH and Hp SAH group (P< 0.05). The expression of p-PI3K/PI3K and MMP-9 proteins increased significantly in Hp SAH group compared with the SAH group. The expression of claudin-5 protein increased significantly in Hp sham group compared with the sham group (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescent staining showed that the expression of occludin and claudin-5 proteins in the CA1 region of hippocampus decreased in the SAH group. Plateau hypoxia could further decreased the expression of occludin and claudin-5 proteins. Conclusion Plateau hypoxia aggravates blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on thrombocytopenia(HIT)of liver and kidney yin deficiency in hemodialysis patients.Methods 84 hemodialysis patients with liver and kidney yin deficiency HIT were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 42 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional western medicine,while the observation group was treated with Liuwei Dihuang decoction on the basis of the control group.The scores of liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome before and after treatment and the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome were compared between the two groups,and the platelet count(Plt),P-selectin level,HIT antibody before and after treatment,the platelet recovery time and clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were also compared.Results After 1 month of treatment,the scores of liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome in the two groups were both lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),which in the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in the observation group(97.62%)was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).After 14 d of treatment,the Plt of the two groups were both higher than those before treatment,while the levels of P-selectin and the positive rate of HIT antibody of the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the Plt in the observation group was higher than that of the control group,the levels of P-selectin and the positive rate of HIT antibody in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The platelet recovery time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05),the total effective rate of clinical treatment in the observation group(95.24%)was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion On the basis of conventional western medicine treatment,the addition of Liuwei Dihuang decoction to treat HIT of liver and kidney yin deficiency in hemodialysis patients can improve the clinical efficacy,reduce the clinical symptoms of patients,improve the level of Plt,shorten the recovery time of platelet,and reduce the level of P-selectin and the positive rate of HIT antibody,with good safety,which is worthy of clinical promotion.