AIM: To investigate the global research status, hotspots, and trends of exosome studies in ophthalmology, providing a theoretical foundation and constructive references for future research, and promoting in-depth development in this field.METHODS: Relevant literature on exosomes in ophthalmology published up to May 20, 2024, was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Web of Science Core Collection, and PubMed databases. Visual analyses of publication countries, institutions, authors, high-frequency keywords, burst keywords, and timelines were performed using CiteSpace 6.3.R1 and VOSviewer software.RESULTS: A total of 37 Chinese articles and 548 English articles were included. The top five countries in terms of publication volume were the United States(130 articles), China(80 articles), South Korea(24 articles), the United Kingdom(20 articles), and Japan(19 articles). The leading foreign institutions were the University of California System, Duke University, and Harvard University, while the top domestic institutions were Qingdao University, the Department of Ophthalmology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and the School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Beijing Normal University. Analysis of Chinese and English high-frequency and burst keywords indicated that global research hotspots on exosomes in ophthalmology primarily focus on dry eye, extracellular vesicles, mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes, ocular surface diseases, ocular surface inflammation, biomarkers, retinal protection, immune eye diseases, uveitis, degenerative eye diseases, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, neovascularization, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, and glaucoma, while English high-frequency words mainly were dry eye, dry eye disease, delivery, regenerative medicine, uveal melanoma, protein, and transplantation. Research has evolved from initial basic biological studies to exploring the pathogenesis of ocular diseases and advancing toward novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.CONCLUSION: Over the past 5 a, research on exosomes in ophthalmology has grown rapidly. Exosomes, as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, have become central to studies on the pathogenesis and clinical applications of ophthalmic diseases. Their roles in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these diseases represent promising directions for future research.

Objective Lentivirus-mediated interference with synaptic nuclear protein γ(SNCG)in human oral squamous cell carcinoma was established to study the role of SNCG in the migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Oral cancer CAL27 cells were infected with LV-shNC and LV-shSNCG constructed by lentivirus vector,respective,and then selected with puromycin to obtain cell lines stably interfering with SNCG,which were named NC group and experimental group,respectively.Detect the expression of SNCG through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blot experiments;Transwell and scratch experiments were used to detect changes in migration and invasion ability.Results Compared with the NC group,the experimental group showed an 80％reduction in SNCG mRNA expression(P＜0.01).The relative expression level of SNCG protein was also decreased in the experimental group compared to the NC group(P＜0.01).In the NC group and the experimental group,the migration area percentages at 36 hours were 0.54±0.06 and 0.40±0.02,respectively;and at 48 hours were 0.83±0.01 and 0.47±0.05,respectively.The experimental group showed decrease in migration area compared to the NC group,and these differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).Compared to the NC group,the migration and invasion cell numbers in the experimental group(98.00±13.49 and 88.00±5.72)were significantly reduced to(48.00±2.16 and 49.00±2.94),and these differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusion Interference of SNCG expression can significantly reduce the migration and invasion ability of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

ObjectiveTo support intelligent clinical decision-making in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， this study utilized ontology and knowledge graph construction techniques to achieve the IT application of clinical practice guidelines. MethodBased on the principles of findability， accessibility， interoperability， and reusability （FAIR principles）， this study employed ontology techniques to construct an ontology for TCM clinical practice guidelines and built a knowledge graph using coronary heart disease as an example. Based on the Checklist for Reporting Practice Guidelines in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Recommendation Grading in TCM Clinical Guidelines/Consensus （T/CAS 530—2021），the ontology of TCM clinical practice guidelines was constructed using the seven-step ontology construction method. On this basis，the TCM diagnosis and treatment data from the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Stable Angina Pectoris in Coronary Heart Disease were stored in Neo4j in the form of triples through knowledge extraction，integration，and storage. ResultThe information in the clinical practice guidelines was divided into three categories： onset and prevention information， diagnosis information， and treatment information， and the TCM clinical practice guideline ontology was constructed. A total of 27 concepts related to TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment and 14 data attributes were obtained， and 12 conceptual relationships including hierarchical relationships and object attributes were established. By taking coronary heart disease as an example and the TCM clinical practice guideline ontology as the model layer， the knowledge map of TCM diagnosis and treatment guidelines for stable angina pectoris in coronary heart disease with 276 nodes and 336 relationships was constructed， realizing the visual display and query of the guideline content. ConclusionThe ontology of TCM clinical practice guidelines and the knowledge graph of stable angina pectoris in coronary heart disease constructed by combining the seven-step ontology construction method and Neo4j graph database technology are efficient and flexible，providing an intelligent TCM diagnosis and treatment scheme and promoting the standardization and objectification of TCM diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the association between R611H(G/A,rs734312)variation of WFS1 gene and early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 181 Chinese patients with early-onset T2DM(T2DM group)and 196 non-diabetic controls(NC group)were enrolled in this study.The rs734312 variation was detected by PCR-direct sequencing.Genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs734312 and clinical variables were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Results Compared with the NC group,the frequencies of AA genotype and A allele in R611H(G→A)variation were significantly elevated in the early-onset T2DM group,AA vs GA+GG(OR 1.720,95%CI 1.100～2.680,P<0.05).A vs G(OR 1.500,95%CI 1.020～2.220,P<0.05).The remarkable differences of frequencies of genotype and allele in rs734312(G/A)were observed between Asians(China,Japan and Korea)and Caucasians(Denmark,Britain,Spain,France and Russia,P<0.01 for each).Compared with AA genotype,fasting and 2 hours postprandial insulin(FIns and 2 hIns)as well as HOMA-β were significantly rise in GG+GA genotype carriers of early-onset T2DM group(P<0.05).Conclusions The a allele of rs734312 in WFS1 may be a risk factor for early-onset T2DM in Chinese population,and the variation might be a potential genetic marker for predicting the islet β-cell dysfunction in early-onset T2DM in Chinese population.

The comparison between traditional Chinese medicine Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) and Western medicine in treating children with acute bronchitis (AB) showed encouraging outcomes. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the JZOL for improving cough and expectoration in children with AB. 480 children were randomly assigned to take JZOL or ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution for 7 days. The primary outcome was time-to-cough resolution. The median time-to-cough resolution in both groups was 5.0 days and the antitussive onset median time was only 1 day. This randomized controlled trial showed that JZOL was not inferior to cough suppressant and phlegm resolving western medicine in treating cough and sputum and could comprehensively treat respiratory and systemic discomfort symptoms. Combined with clinical trials, the mechanism of JZOL against AB was uncovered by network target analysis, it was found that the pathways in TRP channels like IL-1β/IL1R/TRPV1/TRPA1, NGF/TrkA/TRPV1/TRPA1, and PGE2/EP/PKA/TRPV1/TRPA1 might play important roles. Animal experiments further confirmed that inflammation and the immune regulatory effect of JZOL in the treatment of AB were of vital importance and TRP channels were the key mechanism of action.

[摘 要] 目的：基于CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术制备无内源TCR的TCR-T细胞并鉴定其在体外杀伤HPV16阳性宫颈癌SiHa细胞的功能。方法：培养健康志愿者外周血CD8+ T细胞和Jurkat细胞，CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术敲除CD8+ T、Jurkat细胞的TCR基因，制备过表达转基因TCR的重组慢病毒，在敲除内源性TCR的CD8+ T和Jurkat细胞中用慢病毒过表达转基因TCR制备TCR-T细胞，多色FCM检测TCR-T细胞中TCR和CD3的表达水平，荧光素酶活性实验检测TCR-T细胞对HPV16阳性SiHa细胞的杀伤效率。结果：CRIPSR/Cas9基因编辑技术高效地敲除了外周血CD8+ T细胞和Jurkat细胞中的TRAC和TRBC基因，敲除效率分别为（81.4±4.5）%、（98.5±0.07）%，制备的无内源TCR的TCR-T细胞高效表达转基因TCR，在外周血CD8+ T和Jurkat细胞中表达率为（66.0±17.8）%、（97.3±2.6）%，敲除内源TRAC和TRBC基因有效增强CD8+ T和Jurkat细胞膜表达转基因TCR（均P<0.01），敲除内源TCR增强TCR-T细胞特异性杀伤HPV16阳性的SiHa细胞[（71.4±1.0）% vs （35.1±2.0）%，P<0.01）]。结论：无内源TCR的TCR-T细胞显著增强转基因TCR的表达和对HPV16阳性宫颈癌SiHa细胞的靶向杀伤能力，为提高TCR-T细胞的临床疗效提供了实验依据。

Objective:To explore the association between α5 subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subtype 5(GABRA5) gene polymorphism and executive function in patients with major depressive disorder.Methods:From August 2018 to September 2020, one hundred and eighty depressed patients diagnosed by DSM-Ⅳ-TR criteria were included from Xuzhou Eastern Hospital, meanwhile 120 healthy controls with matching demographic characteristic were recruited.Gene polymorphisms were detected through the elbow vein blood of all subjects. The severity of the patients was assessed by 17 items Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17). The executive function of subjects was tested by Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and event-related potential P300.The t test and χ2 test were used for statistic analysis by SPSS 17.0. Results:The cognitive function of depression patients with GABRA5 receptor gene carrying T allele was significantly lower than that of patients with C allele ( t=2.35-3.45, P<0.05). The cognitive dysfunction was associated with sleep and anxiety/somatization symptoms in depression patients ( r=-0.197-0.409, P<0.05). Anxiety/somatization symptoms in patients with depression partially mediated the association between GABRA5 receptor gene polymorphism and cognitive dysfunction(effect value=-0.611, 95% CI=-1.393--0.057). Conclusion:The GABRA5 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with cognitive dysfunction in patients with depression, and anxiety/somatization symptoms partially mediate the impairment of cognitive function caused by GABRA5 receptor gene polymorphism.

Objective To explore the association between triglyceride glucose(TyG)index and TyG-body mass index(TyG-BMI)and the prevalence of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)in the elderly men.Methods Totally 2290 elderly men were selected from January to December in 2021 in the Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,and divided into MAFLD group(n=1322)and non-MAFLD group(n=968).Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between TyG index,TyG-BMI and MAFLD.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to explore the predictive value of TyG index and TyG-BMI with MAFLD in the elderly men.Results Two thousand two hundred and ninety elderly men were(74.3±10.1)years old,and an average BMI of(24.63±2.70)kg/m2.BMI,γ-glutamyl transaminase(γ-GT),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),serum creatinine(Scr),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),free triiodothyronine(FT3),the rate of smoking and drinking,and the prevalence of hypertension,diabetes,hyperuricemia,high triglyceride(TG),low high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),hyperuricemia,thyroid nodules and cholelithiasis were all significantly higher in non-MAFLD group than those in MAFLD group(P<0.05),while the age of MAFLD group was lower than that of non-MAFLD group(P=0.003).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MAFLD in patients of TyG quartile groups Q2,Q3,Q4 was 1.667(95%CI 1.257-2.236,P<0.001),2.004(95%CI 1.482-2.710,P<0.001)and 5.420(95%CI 3.266-8.995,P<0.001)times higher than that of TyG Q1,respectively.The risk of MAFLD in patients of TyG-BMI Q2,Q3,Q4 was 2.215(95%CI 1.549-3.167,P<0.001),2.809(95%CI 1.723-4.580,P<0.001)and 2.513(95%CI 1.253-5.040,P=0.009)times higher than that of TyG-BMI Q1,respectively.The ROC curve showed that areas under the curve(AUC)of MAFLD predicted by TyG index and TyG-BMI were 0.717(95%CI 0.696-0.738)and 0.840(95%CI 0.823-0.856),and the best cut-off values were 8.63 and 205.20,respectively.Moreover,the ROC curve showed that AUC of MAFLD in the elderly men without hyperlipidemia or diabetes predicted by TyG index and TyG-BMI were 0.653(95%CI 0.622-0.684)and 0.840(95%CI 0.818-0.862),and the best cut-off values were 8.42 and 202.66,respectively.In addition,AUC,accuracy,specificity,sensitivity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value predicted by TyG-BMI were higher than those by TyG index.Conclusions TyG index and TyG-BMI are significantly associated with MAFLD in the elderly men.Both TyG index and TyG-BMI have certain predictive value for the prevalence of MAFLD in the elderly men,and TyG-BMI may be better.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of epithelial-off accelerated corneal cross-linking(CXL)in the treatment of advanced keratoconus.METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on data collected from 32 patients(43 eyes)with advanced keratoconus who underwent epithelial-off accelerated CXL at Ningxia Eye Hospital from April 2020 to December 2021. Slit-lamp, intraocular pressure, uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), corrected visual acuity, specular microscope, Pentacam and Corvis ST were tested before and at 1, 3 and 6mo after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative corneal condition, UCVA, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and the values of corneal endothelial, maximum keratometry(Kmax), thinnest corneal thickness(TCT), anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea K1, K2, biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure(bIOP), applanation time 1(A1T), applanation length 1(A1L), applanation velocity 1(A1V), applanation time 2(A2T), applanation length 2(A2L), applanation velocity 2(A2V), highest concavity deformation amplitude(HCDA), radius at highest curvature(HCR), highest concavity peak distance(HCPD)and stiffness parameter at first applanation(SP-A1)were recorded.RESULTS: There were differences between UCVA(LogMAR; 1.06±0.49, 0.78±0.39)and BCVA(LogMAR; 0.48±0.34, 0.38±0.29)before and at 6mo after surgery(P<0.05), but there were no differences in corneal endothelial cells(2917.39±288.38 vs. 2959.19±336.27 cells/mm2, P=0.477). There were differences among Kmax, TCT, anterior surface K1 and K2 and posterior surface K1 before and after surgery(P<0.05), and all increased at 1mo after surgery then returned to preoperative level at 3mo after surgery, while there was no difference in the posterior K2. Furthermore, there were statistical significance in A1T, HCPD and SP-A1 before and after surgery(P<0.05), while there were no statistical significance in A1L, A1V,A2T, A2L, A2V, HCDA, HCR and bIOP(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Epithelial-off accelerated CXL can prevent the progression of keratoconus within half year after surgery, and it has certain safety.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effects of acupoint application with turmeric blistering moxibustion plaster on pain, shoulder range of motion (ROM) and upper limb motor function in the patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain (PSHSP). METHODS: Eighty-two patients with PSHSP were randomly divided into an observation group (41 cases, 1 case was eliminated, 4 cases dropped out) and a control group (41 cases, 2 cases were eliminated and 2 cases dropped out). The routine treatment, nursing care and rehabilitation training were performed in the control group. On the basis of the intervention as the control group, in the observation group, the turmeric blistering moxibustion plaster was applied to bilateral ashi points, Jianyu (LI 15), Jianliao (TE 14), Binao (LI 14), Shousanli (LI 10) and Hegu (LI 4), once a day, remained for 6 hours each time. This moxibustion therapy was operated 5 times weekly, one course of treatment consisted of 2 weeks and 2 courses were required. Separately, before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the score of visual analogue scale (VAS), shoulder ROM and the score of upper limbs in Fugl-Meyer assessment (U-FMA) were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: VAS scores were lower (P<0.05), ROM in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation was larger (P<0.05), and U-FMA scores were higher (P<0.05) after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment when compared with those before treatment in the two groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, VAS score decreased (P<0.05), and ROM in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation and U-FMA score increased (P<0.05) in comparison with those after 2 weeks of treatment in either group. In the observation group, VAS scores were dropped (P<0.05) after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment respectively, and ROM of shoulder flexion and abduction enlarged after 2 weeks of treatment (P<0.05) when compared with those in the control group. After 4 weeks of treatment, ROM in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation in the observation group was larger (P<0.05) and U-FMA score was higher (P<0.05) than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Acupoint application with turmeric blistering moxibustion plaster may effectively reduce the degree of shoulder pain and improve the shoulder range of motion and the upper limb motor function in the patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain.
Humans ; Shoulder ; Moxibustion ; Shoulder Pain/therapy* ; Acupuncture Points ; Curcuma ; Hemiplegia/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome