ObjectiveTo observe the effect of functional pelvic floor muscle training on pelvic floor muscle function, incontinence symptoms and quality of life in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). MethodsFrom February, 2024 to July, 2025, 40 female patients with SUI were recruited from Beijing Bo'ai Hospital and advertisements. They were randomly divided into control group (n = 20) and experimental group (n = 20). The control group received conventional pelvic floor muscle contraction and relaxation training, and the experimental group received functional pelvic floor muscle contraction and relaxation training, for eight weeks. The data of pelvic floor muscle strength, pelvic floor muscle surface electromyography (sEMG), 1-hour urine pad test and Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire (I-QOL) were collected before and after training. The compliance rate was counted after training. ResultsOne case dropped down in the control group and three cases dropped down in the experimental group. After treatment, the pelvic floor muscle strength increased in both groups (|Z| > 3.317, P < 0.01), the pre-resting average value, sustained contraction average value and durable contraction average value of sEMG improved in the control group (|t| > 2.731, P < 0.05), the mass of 1-hour urine pad significantly reduced (t > 9.215, P < 0.001) and the I-QOL score significantly increased (|t| > 13.229, P < 0.001) in both groups; compared with the control group, the pelvic floor muscle strength significantly increased (Z = -2.281, P = 0.023), the mass of 1-hour urine pad significantly reduced (t = 4.215, P < 0.001), the I-QOL score significantly increased (t = -4.501, P < 0.001), and the compliance rate significantly increased (Z = -2.798, P < 0.01) in the experimental group . ConclusionFunctional pelvic floor muscle training can significantly improve pelvic floor muscle strength, incontinence symptoms and quality of life in female patients with SUI.

Objective To explore the principle of antibacterial drug therapy and the strategy of program optimization in elderly patients with Helicobacter pylori（Hp）. Methods The common therapeutic regimen of Hp was summarized, and the better therapeutic regimen of elderly Hp patients was screened ultimately. Results Amoxicillin and cefuroxime were relatively safe compared with other recommended antibacterial drugs. Using other commonly antibiotics for Hp should pay attention to the disease of patients and current drug. Conclusion Elderly patients usually suffered from a variety of diseases and required multiple drugs. The application of therapeutic regimen for elderly patients with Hp should be supposed to fully weigh the risks and benefits.

ObjectiveTo investigate the antitumor effect and mechanism of Guiqi Yiyuan ointment on Lewis lung cancer mice based on the extracellular regulatory protein kinase （ERK） signaling pathway. MethodsA Lewis lung cancer mouse model was established. Except for the blank group， the model mice were randomly divided into the model group， Guiqi Yiyuan ointment low， medium， and high dose groups， and the extracellular ERK1/2 inhibitor group， with 10 mice per group. The Guiqi Yiyuan ointment was administered by gavage at doses of 1.75， 3.5， 7.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1 for the low， medium， and high dose groups， respectively. The ERK1/2 inhibitor group was given the ERK1/2 inhibitor LY3214996 （100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） by gavage. The treatment was administered for 14 consecutive days， after which samples were collected. Tumor histopathological changes were observed using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultrastructural changes in tumor cells. Immunofluorescence was performed to measure the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 （p-ERK1/2） and the expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 （PD-L1） in tumor tissues. Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the expression of p-ERK1/2， PD-L1， the autophagy marker Beclin-1， the autophagic protein p62， and the microtubule-associated protein light chains LC3Ⅰ and LC3Ⅱ at both the protein and gene levels. ResultsCompared with the model group， the average tumor weight was significantly reduced in the low and medium dose groups of Guiqi Yiyuan ointment （P<0.05）， and markedly reduced in the high dose and inhibitor groups （P<0.01）. Tumor cells in all treatment groups became progressively irregular， with ruptured nuclei and expanded areas of cell disintegration and necrosis. The number of organellar ablations in tumor tissues increased， and the number of autophagic vesicles also increased in all groups. The mean fluorescence intensity of p-ERK1/2 and PD-L1 was reduced in the low and medium dose groups of Guiqi Yiyuan ointment （P<0.05）， and significantly reduced in the high dose and inhibitor groups （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of ERK1/2， PD-L1， Beclin-1， and p62 was reduced in the medium dose group （P<0.05）， while LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ mRNA expression was elevated （P<0.05）. In the high dose and inhibitor groups， mRNA expression of ERK1/2， PD-L1， Beclin-1， and p62 was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， while LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ mRNA expression was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Protein expression of p-ERK1/2， PD-L1， Beclin-1， and p62 was reduced in the medium dose group （P<0.05）， and LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ protein expression was elevated （P<0.05）. In the high dose and inhibitor groups， protein expression of p-ERK1/2， PD-L1， Beclin-1， and p62 was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， while LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ protein expression was significantly elevated （P<0.01）. ConclusionGuiqi Yiyuan ointment may inhibit the activation of the ERK signaling pathway， downregulate the expression of p-ERK1/2， promote autophagic flux in tumor cells， and regulate the expression of PD-L1， thereby exerting an inhibitory effect on tumor growth in Lewis lung cancer mice.

Objective The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the application of image reshaping in patients with mental disorders,and provide theoretical bases for the clinical practice of image reshaping in patients with mental disorders in China.Methods Based on the Evidence Integration Handbook published by the Joanna Briggs Institute in Australia as the methodological guidance framework for this scope review,a systematic search was conducted on relevant studies on the application of image reshaping in patients with mental disorders from 12 domestic and foreign databases.The search period was from the establishment of the databases to January 31,2025,and the researchers summarized and analyzed the included literature.Results 18 articles were ultimately included.The core intervention process of image reshaping includes trauma memory recall,image rewriting,and constructing positive outcomes.The forms of intervention include face-to-face intervention,online intervention,and self-directed intervention.The intervention period is 1～17 weeks,and the intervention frequency is usually 1～2 times a week,with each intervention lasting 11-90 minutes.Image reshaping has significant effects on improving patients'emotions and psychological states,cognition and beliefs,behavior and function.Conclusion Image reshaping has a standardized intervention process that can effectively improve patients' emotional,cognitive,and behavioral functions.Future research should explore its optimal intervention plans and further test its applicability in different cultural backgrounds.

Objective:To compare minimally invasive surgery with traditional open surgery, analyze the current application status of health economic evaluations in the treatment of digestive tract cancers, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer by minimally invasive surgery and provide evidence for the rational selection of clinical treatment, alleviation of disease-related economic burdens, and rational allocation of healthcare resources.Methods:By using five databases, i.e. China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, and Embase, a database was established to retrieve all the papers about health economic studies of minimally invasive surgery for esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer published until December 31, 2023. Literature was analyzed by using software NoteExpress 3.8, and data were processed using Excel 2021. The quality of included papers was evaluated using the CHEERS 2022 checklist, and Meta-analysis was conducted by using software Stata 17.0.Results:A total of 10 919 relevant papers were retrieved, and 59 studies were included. Only 14 studies (23.7%) used standard health economic evaluation methods. Meta-analysis results revealed no significant differences in direct medical expenditure and total expenditure between minimally invasive surgery and open surgery. However, the expenditure for minimally invasive surgery exhibited a significant increase [mean difference ( MD)=5 973.12 yuan, P<0.001], while hospital stay and indirect expenditure significantly decreased ( MD: -4.85 days and -733.79 yuan, P<0.001). In China, for gastric cancer, the direct medical expenditure of endoscopic surgery was lower than that of open surgery ( MD=-33 000.00 yuan) with no significant difference ( P<0.001). In colorectal cancer cases, the direct medical and surgical expenditures for laparoscopic surgery were higher than those for open surgery ( MD: 4 277.94 yuan and 4 267.80 yuan, P<0.001), while the indirect and total medical expenditures decreased ( MD: -768.34 yuan and -159.10 yuan). Hospital stays in patients who had minimally invasive surgery for all three types of cancer were shorter than those who had open surgery ( P<0.001). Conclusions:In the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, compared with open surgery, minimally invasive surgery shows higher expenditure, but has advantages, such as shorter hospital stay and lower indirect expenditure, and there were no significant differences in direct medical and total expenditures between the two approaches. When conducting health economic evaluation, factors such as postoperative complications, hospital stay, and patient's economic status should be considered for their impact on total medical expenditure. It is necessary to pay attention to the application of health economic evaluations in healthcare decision-making.

Objective:To investigate the early predictive value of ECG PR interval for the risk of coronary heart disease(CHD) in patients with T2DM.Methods:A total of 7 886 participants from Guiyang who enrolled in the REACTION study between May and August 2011 were included. Baseline data were collected, and participants were followed for 10 years to monitor the occurrence of CHD. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for CHD, and a Cox proportional hazards model was employed to assess the predictive value of the PR interval for CHD incidence. Results:Over 10 years of follow-up, the overall incidence of CHD was 4.22%(245/5 812). The incidence was significantly higher in the T2DM group(7.57%, 96/1 268) than in the non-T2DM(3.28%, 149/4 544), and the shortened PR group(3.19%, 36/1 130; all P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified both T2DM and prolonged PR interval as significant risk factors for CHD, with HR(95% CI) of 1.98(1.64-2.42) and 1.07(1.04-1.10), respectively(both P<0.01). The Cox proportional hazards model further revealed that the risk of CHD was significantly higher in the prolonged PR group than in the normal PR group, with an HR of 2.82(95% CI 2.34-3.12, P<0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of CHD was elevated in the non-T2DM with prolonged PR group, T2DM with normal PR group, and T2DM with prolonged PR group compared to the non-T2DM with normal PR group, with HRs(95% CI) of 1.43(1.14-1.82), 2.16(1.78-2.56), and 5.24(3.12-7.94), respectively. A significant interaction was observed between T2DM status and PR prolongation in predicting CHD risk(all P<0.01). Conclusions:Both T2DM and prolonged PR interval are independent risk factors for 10-year CHD incidence. Moreover, an interaction exists between T2DM and prolonged PR interval in predicting CHD risk. The PR interval may serve as an early predictor of CHD risk in patients with T2DM.

Objective:To investigate the 10-year incidence of reproductive system malignancies and their associated risk factors among overweight and obese women with different metabolic phenotypes aged 40 years and older in Guiyang City.Methods:A total of 6 444 female residents in Yunyan District, Guiyang City were included from the 2011 " Epidemiological Study on the Risk of Malignancy in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(REACTION)". Based on body mass index(BMI) and the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome(MetS), participants were categorized into four groups: metabolically healthy normal weight(MHNW, n=2 373), metabolically unhealthy normal weight(MUNW, n=1 098), metabolically healthy overweight/obese(MHO, n=2 229), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese(MUO, n=744). Baseline data were collected, and participants were followed up for 10 years to document the incidence of female reproductive system malignancies, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between metabolic phenotype and the 10-year risk of developing reproductive system malignancies. Results:Over a mean follow-up period of (9.89±0.77) years, the overall incidence of reproductive system malignancies was 1.15%(74/6, 444). Baseline characteristics such as age, BMI, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), and triglycerides(TG) differed significantly among the groups( P<0.05). The cumulative incidence of reproductive system malignancies in each group was: MHNW 0.93%(22/2 373), MUNW 0.73%(8/1 098), MHO 1.57%(35/2 229), and MUO 1.21%(9/744). There were no statistically significant differences in incidence across the four groups( P>0.05). However, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with the MHNW group, the adjusted HR (95% CI) were: MUNW 0.787(0.349-1.774, P>0.05), MHO 4.835(1.708-13.688, P<0.05), and MUO 3.719(1.144-12.089, P<0.05). Conclusion:Overweight and obesity are significant risk factors for reproductive system malignancies in women aged 40 and above. The presence of metabolic abnormalities in overweight or obese women further increases the risk of developing such malignancies.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Jianpi Bushen Jiedu Prescription combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy and targeted therapy for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer patients with liver and kidney yin deficiency combined with spleen deficiency pattern.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 72 hospitalized patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated at the Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from October 2022 to January 2024 were enrolled as study subjects. Using a random number table method, they were allocated into two groups, with 36 patients in each group. The control group received the mFOLFOX6/FOLFIRI combined with bevacizumab regimen, while the treatment group was administered additional oral Jianpi Bushen Jiedu Prescription on the basis of the control group. Two weeks was a cycle in both groups, with a total of 6 cycles of treatment. Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) were detected using electrochemiluminescence; the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale was utilized to evaluate patients' functional status; vital signs were continuously monitored, and adverse reactions were recorded. The short-term efficacy and TCM syndrome efficacy of patients were evaluated.Results:The treatment group demonstrated higher objective response rate (ORR) [31.25% (10/32) vs. 21.88% (7/32), χ2=0.72] and disease control rate (DCR) [84.38% (27/32) vs. 71.88% (23/32), χ2=1.46] compared to the control group, without statistical significance ( P>0.05). Post-treatment levels of CEA [4.09 (3.31,8.57) μg/L vs. 10.07 (4.55,22.35) μg/L, Z=-2.10] and CA72-4 [4.54 (2.04,10.99) mU/L vs. 9.48 (4.34,18.95) mU/L, Z=-2.52] in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The total effective rate of TCM syndrome was significantly higher in the treatment group [78.13% (25/32)] compared with the control group [50.00% (16/32)], with statistical significance ( χ2=5.50, P=0.019). Post-treatment KPS scores in the treatment group [80.0 (80.0, 80.0) vs. 70.0 (62.5, 80.0), Z=-2.76] were significantly higher compared with the control group ( P<0.01). During the treatment period, the treatment group showed statistical significance compared with the control group in the incidence of hemoglobin decrease ( χ2=4.66), leukopenia decrease ( χ2=4.27), and peripheral neuropathy ( χ2=3.93), with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The addition of Jianpi Bushen Jiedu Prescription to 5-FU-based chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy demonstrates significant clinical benefits in advanced colorectal cancer patients, including reducing tumor marker levels, alleviating clinical symptoms, improving quality of life, and mitigating treatment-related toxicities, with a good safety.

Objective To investigate the population composition,seasonal dynamics,and infestation levels of cockroaches in Lanzhou,China,and to provide information for the scientific development of cockroach control strategies.Methods Monitoring was conducted at three locations using the sticky trap method.Habitats included farm product markets,catering establishments,hotels,hospitals,and residential areas.Results From 2016 to 2023,the average cockroach density was 0.77 insects per board,with an average infestation rate of 10.84%.Blattella germanica was the dominant species.Seasonal density of cockroaches showed an approximately unimodal distribution,peaking in September.The highest average density and infestation rates were observed in farm product markets.Conclusions Cockroach density and infestation levels in Lanzhou remained relatively low.A comprehensive prevention and control strategy focusing on environmental management in key areas should be implemented according to the seasonal fluctuations.

Aim To compare the differences in the in vitro anti-precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PL-GC)activities of different polar extracts from Bombyx batryticatus.Methods Bombyx batryticatus was ex-tracted by ethanol reflux,and the extract was further partitioned using different polarity organic solvents to obtain four fractions:petroleum ether(SYM),ethyl acetate(YSYZ),n-butanol(ZDC),and aqueous phase(SX).The PLGC cell model was established by inducing malignant transformation in GES-1 cells using N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG).The optimal concentration of four extracts were determined by CCK-8 assay.The proliferation,migration and in-vasion of cells in each group were detected by plate cloning,scratch healing and Transwell assay,respec-tively.The expression levels of E-cadherin,Vimentin and key proteins of the PI3 K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in cells of each group were detected by West-ern blot.Meanwhile,chemical components of the four extracts were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS.Re-sults Compared with the normal group,the prolifera-tion,migration and invasion abilities of cells in the PL-GC group were significantly enhanced,the expression levels of E-cadherin proteins of PLGC cells were down-regulated,and the expression levels of Vimentin,p-PI3K,p-AKT and p-mTOR proteins of PLGC cells were up-regulated.Compared with the PLGC group,the four extracts attenuated the proliferation,migration and invasion abilities of PLGC cells,down-regulated the protein expression levels of Vimentin,p-PI3K,p-AKT and p-mTOR,and upregulated E-cadherin ex-pression in cells of the SYM,YSYZ,and ZDC groups.There was no statistical significance in the SX group.In addition,there were significant differences in the chemical components of the four different polar extracts of Bombyx batryticatus.The differential compounds were cysteine,histidine,etc.Conclusions The four different polar extracts of Bombyx batryticatus all can exert in vitro anti-PLGC effects by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit the EMT process.Among them,the extract of n-butanol had the strongest activity,followed by the extracts of ethyl ace-tate and petroleum ether.The aqueous phase had the weakest activity,and the difference in activity may be related to the different compounds such as Cysteine and Histidine.