Abstract Obesity in children and adolescents is closely associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Body mass index (BMI) is currently a widely used indicator for assessing obesity. However, it has limitations, such as reduced validity during growth and development and the inability to distinguish between fat and muscle mass. In recent years, the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) has gained attention because of its relative stability during adolescence and its ability to more specifically reflect body fat levels. The review systematically summarizes recent research progress on the use of TMI in predicting body fat levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents, indicating that TMI performs well in assessing body fat during adolescence and is superior or non-inferior to BMI in predicting cardiometabolic risk. However, the predictive ability of TMI is influenced by age, sex, and population differences, and unified diagnostic cutoffs have not yet been established. Future prospective cohort studies are needed to further validate the predictive value of TMI and establish population specific reference cutoffs.

Objective To observe the effectiveness and safety of netupitant/palonosetron in the treat-ment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting(CINV)in hematologic tumor patients undergoing autol-ogous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation.Methods Adult hematologic tumor patients who received net-upitant/palonosetron to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting CINV during pre-transplant chemotherapy at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January to September 2022 were collected.On the first and third day of pre-transplant chemotherapy,netupitant/palonosetron was orally administered one hour before the infusion of pre-transplant chemotherapy drugs,for a total of two doses.The nausea and CINV status of the patients from the start of pre-transplant chemotherapy to 7 days after stem cell infusion were recorded.Results As a result,a total of 125 patients with hematological tumors were included,and the complete remission rates during pre-treatment chemotherapy were 72.8%,80.0%and 66.4%in the acute phase,delayed phase,and total phase,respectively.The rates of no vomiting were 89.6%,92.0%and 72.8%,respectively.The rates of no rescue medication were 95.2%,93.6%and 73.6%,respectively.The complete remission rate of 33 plasma cell tumors and 46 leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients exceeded 70%,and the complete remission rate of 46 lymphoma patients exceeded 90%.The complete response rate in the delayed phase of the pre-treatment CHiGCB regimen(chidamide+busulfan+gemcitabine+cladribine)was 93.5%,which was higher than the complete response rate of the BenMel regimen(bendamustine+mel-phalan)(72.7%)and the CHiFAB regimen(chidamide+busulfan+fludarabine+cytarabine)(71.7%).The complete remission rate during the follow-up period of the CHiGCB regimen was 91.3%,which was higher than that of the CHiFAB regimen(65.2%),with the statistically significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Netu-pitant/palonosetron can effectively control CINV in patients undergoing autologous or allogeneic hematopoiet-ic stem cell transplantation for hematologic tumors.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange and rituximab in the treatment of passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) after ABO incompatible liver transplantation. Methods: PLS diagnosis was performed on the transplant patient using immunohematology testing techniques such as direct anti human globulin test (DAT), red blood cell elution test, and blood type antibody titer detection, combined with changes in hemolysis laboratory indicators; Severe immune hemolysis caused by PLS treated with red blood cell transfusion, therapeutic plasma exchange, and rituximab. Results: The patient was diagnosed with PLS 9 days after transplantation, and hemolysis caused by PLS continued until 20 days after transplantation; After three rounds of therapeutic plasma exchange and treatment with 100 mg rituximab, the titer of the patient's immune blood type antibody (IgG anti-B) decreased from 128 to 8 and was maintained until 27 days after transplantation. The patient's hemolytic symptoms improved and were discharged 32 days after transplantation. Conclusion: This case explores the application of therapeutic plasma exchange and rituximab in the treatment of severe hemolysis in PLS after transplantation, providing a reference for establishing standardized management of PLS after solid organ transplantation.

Objective:To identify the characteristics of the bone marrow immune microenvironment associated with long-term survival in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.Methods:In the follow-up cohort of patients with newly diagnosed MM and who received “novel agent induction therapy and subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation and immunomodulator maintenance therapy” in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, a cross-sectional study was carried out between August 2019 and May 2020. Using NanoString technology, the RNA expression of 770 bone marrow immune-related markers was compared between 16 patients who had progression-free survival ≥5 years and 5 patients with progressive disease. Among the 16 patients who achieved long-term survival, 9 achieved persistent minimal residual disease (MRD) negative while the other 7 had persistent positive MRD. The functional scores of each kind of immune cells were calculated based on the expression level of characteristic genes, so as to indirectly obtained the proportion of each immune cell subset. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The proportion of neutrophils was significantly higher in long-surviving MM patients than in patients with progressive disease [functional scores, 13.61 (13.33, 14.25) vs. 12.93 (12.58, 13.38); Z=2.31, P=0.021]. Among long-surviving patients, those who were MRD-positive had a significantly greater number of mast cells compared with those who were MRD-negative [functional scores, 7.09 (6.49, 8.57) vs. 6.03 (5.18, 6.69); H=2.18, P=0.029]. Compared with patients with progressive disease, four genes (CTSG, IFIT2, S100B, and CHIT1) were significantly downregulated and six (C4B, TNFRSF17, CD70, IRF4, C2, and GAGE1) were upregulated in long-surviving patients. Among long-surviving patients, only gene CMA1 was significantly upgraded, 10 genes (ISG15, OAS3, MX1, IFIT2, DDX58, SIGLEC1, CXCL10, IL1RN, SERPING and TNFSF10) were significantly downregulated in the MRD-positive group compared with that in the MRD-negative group, the first 5 of which are related to the interferon response pathway. Conclusions:The increased neutrophil and mast cell numbers may be related to long-term survival in MM. Interferon signaling activation may be a key bone marrow immune profiling feature for MRD-negative, long-surviving patients with MM.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of cryopreservation-free integrated autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) model for patients with multiple myeloma.Methods:A total of 96 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) between July 31, 2020, and December 31, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed, of which 41 patients in the observation group received integrated non-cryopreserved transplantation mode. After hematopoietic stem cells were mobilized and collected, melphalan was started immediately for pre-transplant conditioning, and non-cryopreserved grafts from the medical blood transfusion refrigerator were directly injected intravenously into the patient within 24-48 h after the melphalan conditioning. The control group consisted of 55 patients who received traditional transplantation mode. After hematopoietic stem cells were collected, stem cell cryopreservation was performed in liquid nitrogen, and then the transplant plans were started at the right time. All patients received mobilization of autologous hematopoietic stem cells using the G-CSF combined with the plerixafor.Results:① A total of 34 patients (82.9% ) with VGPR plus CR in the observation group were significantly higher than 33 patients (60.0% ) in the control group ( P=0.016). ②Compared with the control group, the incidence of grade 1 oral mucosal inflammation was higher in the observation group ( P<0.001) ; however, the incidence of grades 2 and 3 oral mucosal inflammation was lower ( P=0.004, P=0.048), and neither group experienced grade 4 or above oral mucosal inflammation. The incidence of grade 1 diarrhea was higher in the observation group ( P=0.002), whereas the incidence of grade 3 diarrhea was lower ( P=0.007). No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of grade 4 diarrhea ( P=0.506), and neither group experienced grade 5 diarrhea. ③ The incidence of bacterial infection in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (34.1% vs 65.5%, P=0.002), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of fungal infection (29.3% vs 31.4%, P=0.863) and viral infection (4.88% vs 3.64%, P=0.831). ④No statistically significant difference was observed in the implantation time of granulocytes and platelets between the observation and control groups [10 (8-20) days vs 11 (8-17) days, P=0.501; 13 (10-21) days vs 15 (10-20) days, P=0.245]. ⑤ All patients did not receive lenalidomide treatment 100 days post-transplantation. At 30 days post-transplantation, the CTL, NK, and Th cell counts in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.001, P=0.002, P=0.049), and the NKT cell counts were higher than those in the control group ( P=0.024). At 100 days post-transplantation, the CTL, NKT, and Th cell counts in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P=0.025, P=0.011, P=0.007), and no statistically significant difference in NK cell counts was observed between the two groups ( P=0.396). ⑥ The median follow-up was 18 (4-33) months. The overall 2-year survival rates of the observation and control groups post-transplantation were 91.5% and 78.2%, respectively ( P=0.337). The recurrence-free survival rates were 85.3% and 77.6%, respectively ( P=0.386), and the cumulative recurrence rates were 9.8% and 16.9%, respectively ( P=0.373) . Conclusion:In NDMM, the cryopreservation-free integrated autologous HSCT model can achieve similar therapeutic effects as traditional transplantation models, with lower rates of severe mucosal inflammation and infection compared with traditional transplantation models.

Objective:To elucidate the complete genomic characteristics of the Akabane virus (AKV) DHL10M117 strain and the Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) DH10M1019 strain, isolated from mosquito specimens collected in 2010 from Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.Methods:The complete RNA virus sequences were obtained using metatranscriptomics and high-throughput sequencing.Results:The complete genome sequences of the DHL10M117 strain, consisting of the S, M, and L gene segments with lengths of 856 bp, 4 309 bp, and 6 869 bp, respectively, were acquired. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the DHL10M117 strain is an AKV strain, closely related to the AKV strain DHL10M110, isolated from Yunnan. The S and M segment phylogenetic trees revealed that the strain is closely related to AKV strains circulating in southern China and Japan, and distantly related to strains from Australia, suggesting that this strain belongs to the Asian lineage with distinct regional characteristics. Homology analysis confirmed that the gene sequences of the S, M, and L segments of the DHL10M117 strain showed 100% nucleotide and amino acid identity with the DHL10M110 strain. Additionally, the complete genome sequences of the DH10M1019 strain, comprising ten gene segments (Seg-1 to Seg-10) with lengths of 3 950 bp, 2 904 bp, 2 769 bp, 1 978 bp, 1 772 bp, 1 638 bp, 1 165 bp, 1 142 bp, 1 103 bp, and 832 bp respectively, were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that DH10M1019 is a TIBOV strain, with eight gene segments (Seg-1 to Seg-4, Seg-6, Seg-8 to Seg-10) clustering with known strains in the same major branch, while Seg-5 and Seg-7 formed distinct branches, independent of known reference strains, suggesting that DH10M1019 may represent a new serotype of TIBOV.Conclusions:Through complete genome sequence analysis, it was confirmed that DHL10M117 and DH10M1019 are AKV and TIBOV, which provided a scientific basis for the epidemiological characterisation, pathogenicity analysis and investigation of the two viruses.

Objective:The complete genome sequence characteristics of Quang Binh virus (QBV) and Manglie virus (MaV) isolated from mosquitoes in Daluo Town, Menghai county.Methods:Mosquitoes collected in Daluo Town, Menghai county in July 2012 were used for virus isolation. The nucleic acid was extracted from the supernatant of Aedes albopictus cell line (C6/36) showing cytopathic effect (CPE) positivity, and was sent to a company for sequencing after library construction. Phylogenetic and nucleotide/amino acid sequence similarity analysis was performed using DNAStar, Maff, and other softwares.Results:RNA libraries of strains BNDL1205 and BNDL1227 yielded 67 336 692 and 61 259 266 qualified gene sequences (reads) respectively. After assembly and alignment, sequences of lengths 10 865 bp and 10 864 bp were obtained. Sequence analysis indicated that they belong to QBV, with strains BNDL1205 and BNDL1227 clustering with QBV (strain VN180) isolated from Vietnam on the same evolutionary branch, sharing nucleotide similarity of 84.2% and 84.1%, and amino acid similarity of 94.6% and 94.4% respectively. RNA library of strain BNDL1223 yielded 48 622 610 qualified reads. After assembly and alignment, three gene fragments (Contigs) matched MaV. Further merging using SeqMan produced a complete nucleotide sequence of 9 219 bp. Analysis revealed that strain BNDL1223 is closely related to MaV isolated in Yunnan in 2018, sharing nucleotide similarity of 97.8% and amino acid similarity of 99.2%.Conclusions:During the investigation of arboviruses in mosquitoes in Daluo Town, Menghai county, three strains of viruses were identified: 2 strains of QBV and 1 strain of MaV. Local mosquitoes play a significant role in the transmission of QBV and MaV, necessitating enhanced monitoring and detection of local vector mosquitoes.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the bias risk and applicability of short-term mortality risk prediction models within 30 days after stroke, providing a basis for selecting or developing standardized risk prediction models.Methods:Research on short-term mortality risk prediction models within 30 days after stroke was electronically retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biomedical Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL. The search period was from database establishment to December 5, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and quality evaluation.Results:Twelve studies were included, and a total of 31 models were internally validated, with 7 models undergoing external validation based on internal validation. 26 models reported discriminative power, and 18 models reported calibration methods. The most frequent predictors of modeling were age, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes and admission Glasgow Coma Scale score. Due to methodological problems such as insufficient sample size, improper handling of missing variables, and inadequate reporting of modeling information, all included studies were rated as high risk of bias.Conclusions:The research on short-term mortality risk prediction models for stroke patients is still in the development stage. Although it has good applicability, the risk of bias is relatively high. Future research should be designed and reported based on prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST) and transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD) to avoid common problems summarized in this study and reduce the risk of bias.

Objective:To elucidate the complete genomic characteristics of the Akabane virus (AKV) DHL10M117 strain and the Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) DH10M1019 strain, isolated from mosquito specimens collected in 2010 from Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.Methods:The complete RNA virus sequences were obtained using metatranscriptomics and high-throughput sequencing.Results:The complete genome sequences of the DHL10M117 strain, consisting of the S, M, and L gene segments with lengths of 856 bp, 4 309 bp, and 6 869 bp, respectively, were acquired. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the DHL10M117 strain is an AKV strain, closely related to the AKV strain DHL10M110, isolated from Yunnan. The S and M segment phylogenetic trees revealed that the strain is closely related to AKV strains circulating in southern China and Japan, and distantly related to strains from Australia, suggesting that this strain belongs to the Asian lineage with distinct regional characteristics. Homology analysis confirmed that the gene sequences of the S, M, and L segments of the DHL10M117 strain showed 100% nucleotide and amino acid identity with the DHL10M110 strain. Additionally, the complete genome sequences of the DH10M1019 strain, comprising ten gene segments (Seg-1 to Seg-10) with lengths of 3 950 bp, 2 904 bp, 2 769 bp, 1 978 bp, 1 772 bp, 1 638 bp, 1 165 bp, 1 142 bp, 1 103 bp, and 832 bp respectively, were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that DH10M1019 is a TIBOV strain, with eight gene segments (Seg-1 to Seg-4, Seg-6, Seg-8 to Seg-10) clustering with known strains in the same major branch, while Seg-5 and Seg-7 formed distinct branches, independent of known reference strains, suggesting that DH10M1019 may represent a new serotype of TIBOV.Conclusions:Through complete genome sequence analysis, it was confirmed that DHL10M117 and DH10M1019 are AKV and TIBOV, which provided a scientific basis for the epidemiological characterisation, pathogenicity analysis and investigation of the two viruses.

Objective:The complete genome sequence characteristics of Quang Binh virus (QBV) and Manglie virus (MaV) isolated from mosquitoes in Daluo Town, Menghai county.Methods:Mosquitoes collected in Daluo Town, Menghai county in July 2012 were used for virus isolation. The nucleic acid was extracted from the supernatant of Aedes albopictus cell line (C6/36) showing cytopathic effect (CPE) positivity, and was sent to a company for sequencing after library construction. Phylogenetic and nucleotide/amino acid sequence similarity analysis was performed using DNAStar, Maff, and other softwares.Results:RNA libraries of strains BNDL1205 and BNDL1227 yielded 67 336 692 and 61 259 266 qualified gene sequences (reads) respectively. After assembly and alignment, sequences of lengths 10 865 bp and 10 864 bp were obtained. Sequence analysis indicated that they belong to QBV, with strains BNDL1205 and BNDL1227 clustering with QBV (strain VN180) isolated from Vietnam on the same evolutionary branch, sharing nucleotide similarity of 84.2% and 84.1%, and amino acid similarity of 94.6% and 94.4% respectively. RNA library of strain BNDL1223 yielded 48 622 610 qualified reads. After assembly and alignment, three gene fragments (Contigs) matched MaV. Further merging using SeqMan produced a complete nucleotide sequence of 9 219 bp. Analysis revealed that strain BNDL1223 is closely related to MaV isolated in Yunnan in 2018, sharing nucleotide similarity of 97.8% and amino acid similarity of 99.2%.Conclusions:During the investigation of arboviruses in mosquitoes in Daluo Town, Menghai county, three strains of viruses were identified: 2 strains of QBV and 1 strain of MaV. Local mosquitoes play a significant role in the transmission of QBV and MaV, necessitating enhanced monitoring and detection of local vector mosquitoes.