Objective To investigate the risk factors for pneumonia complicating infectious mononucleosis(IM)in adults and construct a nomogram prediction model.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 198 IM patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2015 to December 2021.Patients were divided into pneumonia group(n=52)and non-pneumonia group(n=146)based on whether pulmonary infection occurred during hospitalization.The baseline data(age,gender,place of onset,etc.),clinical manifestations(maximum body temperature,lymph node enlargement,splenomegaly,etc.),and inflammatory indicators[white blood cell count(WBC),C-reactive protein(CRP),etc.]were compared between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to analyze the key indicators affecting the hospital stay of IM patients.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for pneumonia complicating IM in adults and construct a nomogram prediction model based on the identified risk factors.The predictive efficacy of the model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the consistency of the model was assessed using the calibration curve.The fit of the model was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.Additionally,the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the model were assessed using confusion matrix.Results Compared with non-pneumonia group,the pneumonia group had a significantly higher proportion of patients from rural areas,with body mass index(BMI)≥24 kg/m2,smoking history,hepatomegaly,fever duration of≥7 d,as well as increased total hospitalization costs and average daily hospitalization costs,and prolonged hospital stay(P<0.05).The proportion of patients with a history of antibiotic use was lower in the pneumonia group(P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients from rural areas,with BMI≥24 kg/m2,smoking history,no prophylactic use of antibiotics,fever duration≥7 d,and hepatomegaly had significantly prolonged hospital stays(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that living in a rural area(OR=4.089,P<0.05),hepatomegaly(OR=4.082,P<0.05),and elevated WBC(OR=1.205,P<0.05)were independent risk factors for pneumonia complicating IM in adults,while the prophylactic use of antibiotics(OR=0.142,P<0.05)was an independent protective factor.The area under the ROC curve of the constructed nomogram prediction model was 0.827(95%CI 0.762-0.892),and the slope of the calibration curve was close to 1,and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed χ2=5.299,P=0.725,indicating good consistency and fit of the prediction model.The results of the confusion matrix assessment showed that the sensitivity of the model was 0.669(0.624-0.773),the specificity was 0.827(0.724-0.930),and the accuracy was 0.732(0.665-0.793).Conclusion The nomogram prediction model based on place of onset,hepatomegaly,the prophylactic use of antibiotics and WBC has excellent fit and discrimination,providing an effective quantitative tool for prognosis assessment of IM.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the buds of Aralia chinensis L.var.nuda Nakai and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The 70％ethanol extract from the buds of A.chinensis var.nuda was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified as 4-(2,2-dibutoxyethyl)phenol(1),trans-linalool-3,7-oxide-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),2'-O-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)glyceryl β-D-galactopyranoside(3),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3'→ O-3''')quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(4),syringaresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(6),7α-hydroxystigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid methyl ester(8),funingensin A(9),3,4-dihydroxy-acetophenone(10),N-acetyltyramine(11),3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid(12),chlorogenic acid(13),aralia cerebroside(14),caffeic acid methyl ester(15),tetradecanoic acid(16).The IC50values of compounds 8,10,12 and 13 were(22.19±1.59),(35.25±1.30),(13.38±0.72),(15.73±1.16)μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new compound,2-13 are isolated from genus Aralia for the first time.Compounds 8,10,12,13 exhibit significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activities.

Fe/Mn/Gd polymetallic nanooxide(FMGN)were prepared by one-step solvent thermal reaction by using Fe(acac)3,Mn(acac)2 and Gd(acac)3 as reaction precursors.Next,hyaluronic acid(HA)was used to modify FMGN to fabricate tumor-targeting T 1-T 2 dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)contrast agent(HA-FMGN)for accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer.The structure and morphology of FMGN were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM).It was found that FMGN exhibited a uniform nanocluster spherical structure when the feeding ratio of iron acetylacetonate,manganese acetylacetonate,and gadolinium acetylacetonate was 3:2:1.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis showed that FMGN had a typical inverse spinel structure of Mn doped Fe 3O 4,with Gd existing in the form of amorphous gadolinium oxide.The longitudinal relaxivity(r 1)and transverse relaxivity(r 2)of FMGN were 13.395 and 428.535 L/(mmol·s),respectively,measured by 0.5 T MRI analyzer,which proved that FMGN had excellent T 1-T 2 dual-mode MRI contrast capability.The cytotoxicity and hemolysis test found that HA-FMGN didn't damage red cells and induce toxicity for normal cells,indicating that HA-FMGN had excellent cell biocompatibility.The internalization efficacy of HA-FMGN was observed by CLSM,and the results showed that HA-FMGN possessed excellent prostate tumor-targeting ability.In vivo MRI experiment showed that HA-FMGN significantly enhanced T 1 and T 2 weighted MRI signal to noise ratio(SNR)of prostate tumor,which promoted the accurate diagnosis of orthotopic prostate cancer.

Biothiols are a kind of bioactive substances which play an important role in maintaining normal metabolism and intracellular redox homeostasis of living system.The detection of biothiols has important guiding significance in study of physiological process and disease diagnosis.Among many biothiols detection methods,fluorescence probe method has become one of the widely used methods for detection of biothiols because of its advantages such as high sensitivity,good selectivity,non-invasiveness and convenience.The fluorescence probe method can realize single identification of one kind of biothiols and multi-channel identification of many kinds of biothiols.Meanwhile,fluorescence probe method can also cooperate with naked-eye visual detection,photoacoustic detection,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy detection and other modes to achieve multi-mode recognition of biothiols.In this paper,the recent research progress on fluorescent probes in the field of multi-channel and multi-mode recognition of biothiols was reviewed,and its design strategy,detection mode,detection signal and application in biological detection were summarized.The development of multi-channel and multi-mode detection of biothiols was also prospected.

Objective:To explore the effect of proxy online health information seeking based on theory of planned behavior(TPB) of rural maternal for breast feeding guidance. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for improving the rate of exclusive breast feeding among rural mothers.Methods:Using a quasi experimental research method and convenience sampling method, the study selected postpartum women and their primary caregivers who gave birth at Maoming Dianbai Maternal and Child Health Care hospital from October 2023 to April 2024 as the research subjects. According to the admission time, 47 parturients and their primary caregiver who gave birth between October and December 2023 were designated as the control group, while 50 parturients and their primary caregiver who gave birth between January and April 2024 were designated as the observation group. The control group received routine breast feeding education, while the observation group received proxy online health information seeking based on TPB breast feeding guidance. Compared the breast feeding knowledge, self-efficacy, family support, as well as the electronic health literacy and breast feeding knowledge of the primary caregivers of two groups of postpartum women.Results:The final control group included 40 maternal and their primary caregivers, while the observation group included 47 each. The maternal age of the control group was (36.73 ± 4.36) years, while that of the observation group was (35.96 ± 3.24) years. The main caregivers for the control group of parturients were 5 males and 35 females, aged 61.00 (59.00, 62.00) years old. There were 8 males and 39 females in the observation group, aged 62.00 (59.00, 64.00) years. After 6 months of intervention, the scores of breast feeding knowledge, self-efficacy, and family support were 14.00(12.00, 16.00), 45.67 ± 9.49, 3.00(3.00, 4.00) in the intervention group, more than those in the control group 7.00(2.00, 10.75), 37.15 ± 8.12, 2.00(2.00, 3.00) points, the differences were statistically significant between the two groups ( Z=-6.55, -5.68, t=-4.45, all P<0.05); the primary caregivers' electronic health literacy and breast feeding knowledge scores were 31.45 ± 4.92 and 14.00 (11.00, 16.00), respectively, higher than those of the control group family members 28.68 ± 4.46 and 4.50 (2.00, 9.75). The differences were statistically significant ( t=-3.38, Z=-7.19, both P<0.05). The pure breast feeding rate at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months postpartum were 70.2%(33/47), 63.8%(30/47), 59.6%(28/47) in the intervention group, more than those in the control group 47.5%(19/40), 37.5%(15/40), 27.5%(11/40), the differences were statistically significant between the two groups ( χ2=4.64, 6.00, 8.99, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Proxy online health information seeking based on TPB can effectively strengthen the health information searching ability of primary caregivers of rural maternal, and help rural maternal improve breastfeeding knowledge, self-efficacy and family support to promote exclusive breast feeding.

Objective:To explore the effect of proxy online health information seeking based on theory of planned behavior(TPB) of rural maternal for breast feeding guidance. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for improving the rate of exclusive breast feeding among rural mothers.Methods:Using a quasi experimental research method and convenience sampling method, the study selected postpartum women and their primary caregivers who gave birth at Maoming Dianbai Maternal and Child Health Care hospital from October 2023 to April 2024 as the research subjects. According to the admission time, 47 parturients and their primary caregiver who gave birth between October and December 2023 were designated as the control group, while 50 parturients and their primary caregiver who gave birth between January and April 2024 were designated as the observation group. The control group received routine breast feeding education, while the observation group received proxy online health information seeking based on TPB breast feeding guidance. Compared the breast feeding knowledge, self-efficacy, family support, as well as the electronic health literacy and breast feeding knowledge of the primary caregivers of two groups of postpartum women.Results:The final control group included 40 maternal and their primary caregivers, while the observation group included 47 each. The maternal age of the control group was (36.73 ± 4.36) years, while that of the observation group was (35.96 ± 3.24) years. The main caregivers for the control group of parturients were 5 males and 35 females, aged 61.00 (59.00, 62.00) years old. There were 8 males and 39 females in the observation group, aged 62.00 (59.00, 64.00) years. After 6 months of intervention, the scores of breast feeding knowledge, self-efficacy, and family support were 14.00(12.00, 16.00), 45.67 ± 9.49, 3.00(3.00, 4.00) in the intervention group, more than those in the control group 7.00(2.00, 10.75), 37.15 ± 8.12, 2.00(2.00, 3.00) points, the differences were statistically significant between the two groups ( Z=-6.55, -5.68, t=-4.45, all P<0.05); the primary caregivers' electronic health literacy and breast feeding knowledge scores were 31.45 ± 4.92 and 14.00 (11.00, 16.00), respectively, higher than those of the control group family members 28.68 ± 4.46 and 4.50 (2.00, 9.75). The differences were statistically significant ( t=-3.38, Z=-7.19, both P<0.05). The pure breast feeding rate at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months postpartum were 70.2%(33/47), 63.8%(30/47), 59.6%(28/47) in the intervention group, more than those in the control group 47.5%(19/40), 37.5%(15/40), 27.5%(11/40), the differences were statistically significant between the two groups ( χ2=4.64, 6.00, 8.99, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Proxy online health information seeking based on TPB can effectively strengthen the health information searching ability of primary caregivers of rural maternal, and help rural maternal improve breastfeeding knowledge, self-efficacy and family support to promote exclusive breast feeding.

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in Singapore, with moderate to severe OSA affecting around 30% of residents. These consensus statements aim to provide scientifically grounded recommendations for the management of OSA, standar-dise the management of OSA in Singapore and promote multidisciplinary collaboration. METHOD: An expert panel, which was convened in 2024, identified several areas of OSA management that require guidance. The expert panel reviewed the current literature and developed consensus statements, which were later independently voted on using a 3-point Likert scale (agree, neutral or disagree). Consensus (total ratings of agree and neutral) was set a priori at ≥80% agreement. Any statement not reaching consensus was excluded. RESULTS: The final consensus included 49 statements that provide guidance on the screening, diagnosis and management of adults with OSA. Additionally, 23 statements on the screening, diagnosis and management of paediatric OSA achieved consensus. These 72 consensus statements considered not only the latest clinical evidence but also the benefits and harms, resource implications, feasibility, acceptability and equity impact of the recommendations. CONCLUSION The statements presented in this paper aim to guide clinicians based on the most updated evidence and collective expert opinion from sleep specialists in Singapore. These recommendations should augment clinical judgement rather than replace it. Management decisions should be individualised, taking into account the patient's clinical characteristics, as well as patient and caregiver concerns and preferences.
Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis* ; Singapore ; Consensus ; Adult