OBJECTIVE To explore and predict the quality markers （Q-markers） of Compound xiebai capsules for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） by constituents analysis combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking studies， and to establish the quality standard of Compound xiebai capsules. METHODS UHPLC-TOF-MS was used for qualitative analysis of Compound xiebai capsules， and the candidate Q-markers of Compound xiebai capsules were screened by combining network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Further， HPLC was applied to establish the fingerprints of 15 batches of Compound xiebai capsules and to conduct quantitative analysis of the main components. RESULTS A total of 51 components were identified from Compound xiebai capsules. Among them， 15 components， namely oxyberberine， methylworenine， coptisine， tetrahydroberberine， epiberberine， berberine， magnoflorine， gandensin， cucurbitacin D， hydroxygenkwan， jatrorrhizine， columbamine， quercetin， cucurbitacin R， and palmatine， were determined as the candidate Q-markers for Compound xiebai capsules in the treatment of COPD. A total of 13 common peaks were calibrated in the fingerprints of 15 batches of Compound xiebai capsules for COPD treatment， with similarity values ranging from 0.976 to 0.999 compared to the reference fingerprint. Seven components were identified among these peaks， namely peak 5 （magnoflorine）， peak 8 （jatrorrhizine）， peak 9 （epiberberine）， peak 10 （columbamine）， peak 11 （coptisine）， peak 12 （palmatine）， and peak 13 （berberine）. Their respective contents were （0.267±0.048）， （0.453±0.084）， （0.572±0.160）， （0.392±0.074）， （1.076±0.273）， （1.477±0.271）， and （6.664±1.249） mg/g （ n ＝3）. CONCLUSIONS This study predicted 15 candidate Q-markers of Compound xiebai capsules in the treatment of COPD and established the fingerprint along with a quantitative determination method for seven major components.

Bronchial asthma （abbreviated as asthma） is one of the common inflammatory diseases in the chronic airway of the respiratory system. Recurrent wheezing，shortness of breath，chest tightness， and cough are the main symptoms，which are easy to repeat，protracted and difficult to cure，and seriously affect the patients' life quality. The Janus kinases （JAK）/signal transducers and activators of transcription （STAT） signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of cellular inflammatory response，oxidative stress，apoptosis， and other biological processes. It plays a key role in the occurrence and development of asthma. Traditional Chinese medicine intervenes in asthma based on the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in multiple stages and targets. The specific mechanism is related to inhibiting airway inflammation and anti-oxidative stress，alleviating airway remodeling，affecting airway mucus hypersecretion，inhibiting high airway response， and regulating immune response，which demonstrates the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in treating asthma. Based on this，by referring to relevant literature，this paper systematically sorted out the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its action mechanism in the occurrence and development of asthma. It also systematically summarized the efficacy and specific mechanism of monomers， compounds， and compound formulas of traditional Chinese medicine， as well as the external treatment methods by regulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to intervene in asthma. It aims to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and development of asthma in clinic， providing a reference for the methods of prevention and treatment of asthma with traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective　: To investigate the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in drinking water (tap water andwell water) in urban and rural areas of Hohhot, assess the safety of drinking water, and to provide data support for localdrinking water radioactivity monitoring and management. Methods　: Representative samples of well water and tap waterwere collected from nine banners/counties/districts in Hohhot. Activity concentrations were measured using a low-back-ground gross α/β counter, an α spectrometer, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and a radium/radon analyzer. Results　: A total of nine tap water samples and nine well water samples were analyzed. For the tap water samples, gross αactivity concentrations ranged from 0.093 to 0.193 Bq/L, gross β from 0.091 to 0.225 Bq/L, uranium mass concentrationsfrom 2.32 to 10.36 μg/L, thorium mass concentrations from 0.09 to 0.20 μg/L,210Po activity concentrations from below theminimum detectable limit to 0.41 mBq/L, and 226Ra activity concentrations from 8.70 to 13.35 mBq/L. For the well watersamples, gross α activity concentrations ranged from 0.111 to 0.203 Bq/L, gross β from 0.111 to 0.270 Bq/L, uranium massconcentrations from 2.31 to 13.28 μg/L, thorium mass concentrations from 0.17 to 0.26 μg/L,210Po activity concentrationsfrom 1.03 to 2.12 mBq/L, and 226Ra activity concentrations from 15.38 to 23.63 mBq/L. Conclusion　 The activityconcen-trations of natural radionuclides in both well water and tap water in the Hohhot region were at environmental backgroundlevels and met national drinking water hygiene standards.

ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze an outbreak of rotavirus infectious diarrhea in a prison in Chongqing Municipality, to provide a basis for adult rotavirus surveillance and prevention, and to explore the public health problems in special settings. MethodsA retrospective survey was conducted to collect and analyze data on individual cases with diarrheal disease on-site. The clinical characteristics, as well as the temporal, spatial and geographical distribution patterns of the epidemic were described. Multi-pathogen detection tests were conducted both on diarrhea cases and environmental samples, with viral genotyping performed on positive samples. A case-control analysis was performed to identify the causes of the outbreak, and an SEIR model was adopted to predict the outbreak trend and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. ResultsA total of 65 cases were found among the inmates, with an attack rate of 2.03%. The predominant clinical manifestations included diarrhea (89.23%), watery stool (73.85%), and dehydration (18.46%). The epidemic curve indicated a “human-to-human” transmission pattern, with an average incubation period of 5‒6 days. The attack rates among chefs in the main canteen (80.00%, 8/10) and caterers (28.33%, 17/60) were significantly higher than those of other inmates （P<0.05）. Multi-pathogen polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing detected positive for group A rotavirus, with the viral genotyping identified as G9P [8] strain. Factors such as unprotected "bare-handed" food distribution among cases with diarrhea (OR=9.512, 95%CI: 4.261‒21.234) and close contact with diarrhea cases (OR=3.656, 95%CI: 1.719‒7.778) were the possible cause of the outbreak. The SEIR model (r₀=5, α=0.3, β₁=0.08, β₂=0.04) was constructed using prison inmates as susceptible population, aiming at fitting the initial transmission trend of the outbreak, and the epidemic rate declined rapidly after intervention measures were implemented (r_t≈0). ConclusionThis rare rotavirus infection diarrhea outbreak among adults in confined settings suggests that the construction of public health prevention and control systems in prison may be overlooked. Cross infection during meal processing and distribution in the canteens of such settings is likely to be the cause of the outbreak. Given the potential neglect of public heath system construction in special settings, it is imperative to enhance the surveillance and monitoring of rotavirus and other intestinal multi-pathogens among adults, as well as the construction of public health prevention and control systems in these special settings.

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with apatinib versus camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. METHODS A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted， enrolling 99 patients with advanced gastric cancer admitted to the Chuzhou First People’s Hospital from March 2022 to December 2024. Patients were randomly assigned using a random number table： 48 received camrelizumab plus chemotherapy （control group）， and 51 received camrelizumab plus apatinib （observation group）. Clinical efficacy， serum tumor marker[carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA），carbohydrate antigen（CA）724，CA199，CA242]levels， immune function indicators（CD3+，CD4+，CD8+，CD4+/CD8+） levels before and after treatment， and adverse drug reaction （ADR） during treatment were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS A total of 2 patients in the observation group and 3 in the control group were lost to follow-up. The disease control rate and objective response rate in the observation group were 95.92% and 85.71%， respectively， both significantly higher than 80.00% and 55.56% in the control group （P＜0.05）. The median progression-free survival was 9.61 months in the observation group， significantly longer than 6.72 months in the control group （P＝0.011）. Before treatment， there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of serum tumor markers and immune function indicators between the 2 groups （P＞0.05）. After treatment， the levels of CEA， CA724， CA199 and CA242 in 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment， while the levels of CD3⁺， CD4⁺ and CD4 ⁺/CD8 ⁺ were significantly higher than before treatment， with greater improvements in the observation group （all P＜0.05）. The overall incidences of ADR and severe ADR showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Camrelizumab combined with apatinib as first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer may offer advantages over camrelizumab plus chemotherapy in terms of clinical efficacy and immune function improvement of patients， with an acceptable safety profile.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for pharmaceutical care in patients with ulcerative colitis （UC） and ankylosing spondylitis （AS） who developed pustular psoriasis induced by infliximab. METHODS Clinical pharmacists participated in the pharmaceutical care process of a patient with UC and AS who developed pustular psoriasis after using infliximab. The clinical pharmacists determined， using Naranjo’s Scale， that the correlation between the patient’s pustular psoriasis and infliximab was “likely”. Regarding the patient’s development of pustular psoriasis after using infliximab， the clinical pharmacists recommended discontinuing infliximab and switching to Upadacitinib extended-release tablets. For the patient’s skin allergic reaction after using upadacitinib， the clinical pharmacists advised continuing the use of upadacitinib and closely monitoring any potential adverse reactions during the treatment period. RESULTS The clinicians adopted the clinical pharmacists’ recommendation. Following the treatment， the patient’s symptoms were significantly alleviated， and the patient was discharged with medication. The follow-up after discharge showed that the treatment was effective and well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The clinical pharmacists analyzed the causal relationship between infliximab and pustular psoriasis. Through pharmaceutical care measures such as dynamic monitoring of skin lesions， evaluation of treatment responses， and optimization of drug regimens， they assisted the physicians in formulating an individualized medication plan， ensuring the safety and efficacy of the patient’s medication use.

Bronchial asthma （abbreviated as asthma） is one of the common chronic airway inflammatory diseases in the respiratory system， which is difficult to cure. Airway mucus hypersecretion （AMH） is an important factor leading to acute asthma attacks. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） possesses therapeutic advantages characterized by multiple pathways， multiple targets， and multiple links， and its mechanism of action in intervening in AMH has gradually drawn attention. TCM can effectively alleviate the symptoms of patients by intervening in asthma through methods such as eliminating phlegm and eliminating fluid retention. This review finds that the pathogenesis of asthma-associated AMH is correlated with decreased mucociliary clearance function and enhanced mucus secretion function； single TCM （such as Platycodon grandiflorum）， effective components of TCM （such as pinellia polysaccharides）， and compound prescriptions （mainly heat-clearing and phlegm-resolving prescriptions， etc.） can improve asthma-associated AMH by regulating the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT signaling pathways， inhibiting airway inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， and recovering the water-salt ratio of the mucus layer itself.

INTRODUCTION: Lecanemab has shown promise in treating early Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its safety and efficacy in Chinese populations remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and 6-month clinical outcomes of lecanemab in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. METHODS: In this single-arm, real-world study, participants with MCI due to AD or mild AD received biweekly intravenous lecanemab (10 mg/kg). The study was conducted at Hainan Branch, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Patient enrollment and baseline assessments commenced in November 2023. Safety assessments included monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and other adverse events. Clinical and biomarker changes from baseline to 6 months were evaluated using cognitive scales (mini-mental state examination [MMSE], montreal cognitive assessment [MoCA], clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes [CDR-SB]), plasma biomarker analysis, and advanced neuroimaging. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this ongoing real-world study. Safety analysis revealed predominantly mild adverse events, with infusion-related reactions (20.3%, 13/64) being the most common. Of these, 69.2% (9/13) occurred during the initial infusion and 84.6% (11/13) did not recur. ARIA-H (microhemorrhages/superficial siderosis) and ARIA-E (edema/effusion) were observed in 9.4% (6/64) and 3.1% (2/64) of participants, respectively, with only two symptomatic cases (one ARIA-E presenting with headache and one ARIA-H with visual disturbances). After 6 months of treatment, cognitive scores remained stable compared to baseline (MMSE: 22.33 ± 5.58 vs . 21.27 ± 4.30, P = 0.733; MoCA: 16.38 ± 6.67 vs . 15.90 ± 4.78, P = 0.785; CDR-SB: 2.30 ± 1.65 vs . 3.16 ± 1.72, P = 0.357), while significantly increasing plasma amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) (+21.42%) and Aβ40 (+23.53%) levels compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Lecanemab demonstrated a favorable safety profile in Chinese patients with early AD. Cognitive stability and biomarker changes over 6 months suggest potential efficacy, though high dropout rates and absence of a control group warrant cautious interpretation. These findings provide preliminary real-world evidence for lecanemab's use in China, supporting further investigation in larger controlled studies. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT07034222.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Biomarkers ; East Asian People

This study aims to explore the effects of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(BYD) on the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING) signaling pathway in the mouse model of autoimmune thyroiditis(AIT) and the mechanism of BYD in alleviating the immune injury. Forty-eight NOD.H-2~(h4) mice were assigned into normal, model, low-, medium-, and high-dose BYD, and selenium yeast tablets groups(n=8). Mice of 8 weeks old were treated with 0.05% sodium iodide solution for 8 weeks for the modeling of AIT and then administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 8 weeks before sampling. High performance liquid chromatography was employed to measure the astragaloside Ⅳ content in BYD. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the pathological changes in the mouse thyroid tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPO-Ab), thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb), and interferon-γ(IFN-γ). Flow cytometry was employed to detect the distribution of T cell subsets in the spleen. The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of cGAS, STING, TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1), and interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3). Real-time PCR and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, of markers related to the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the thyroid tissue. The results showed that the content of astragaloside Ⅳ in BYD was(7.06±0.08) mg·mL~(-1). Compared with the normal group, the model group showed disrupted structures of thyroid follicular epithelial cells, massive infiltration of lymphocytes, and elevated levels of TgAb and TPO-Ab. Compared with the model group, the four treatment groups showed intact epithelial cells, reduced lymphocyte infiltration, and lowered levels of TgAb and TPO-Ab. Compared with the normal group, the model group showed increases in the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells, a decrease in the proportion of Th2 cells, and an increase in the IFN-γ level. Compared with the model group, the four treatment groups presented decreased proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells and lowered levels of IFN-γ, and the medium-dose BYD group showed an increase in the proportion of Th2 cells. Compared with the normal group, the modeling up-regulated the mRNA levels of cGAS, STING, TBK1, and IRF3 and the protein levels of cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, and p-IRF3. Compared with the model group, the four treatment groups showed reduced levels of cGAS, STING, TBK1, and IRF3-positive products, down-regulated mRNA levels of cGAS, STING, and TBK1, and down-regulated protein levels of cGAS and p-STING. The high-dose BYD group showed down-regulations in the mRNA level of IRF3 and the protein levels of p-TBK1 and p-IRF3. The above results indicate that BYD can repair the imbalance of T cell subsets, alleviate immune injury, and reduce thyroid lymphocyte infiltration in AIT mice by inhibiting the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/metabolism* ; Mice ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Humans ; Female ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism* ; Male ; Disease Models, Animal

To investigate the effects of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and their molecular mechanism, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE1 and CNE2 were used. They were divided into control group(30% blank serum medium), low-(10% drug-containing serum + 20% blank serum medium), medium-(20% drug-containing serum + 10% blank serum medium), and high-(30% drug-containing serum medium) concentration group of Biyan Jiedu Capsules according to in vitro experiment. After 24 h of intervention, the effects of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on the proliferation of CNE1 and CNE2 were detected by CCK-8 assay, clonal formation experiment, and EdU staining. The effect of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on apoptosis of CNE1 and CNE2 was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the effect of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on the expression of X-linked apoptosis inhibitor protein(XIAP), survivin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), and PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins in CNE1 and CNE2. The results showed that compared with the control group, the survival rate of CNE1 and CNE2 in the medium and high concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules could be decreased in a concentration-dependent way(P<0.05, P<0.01). At the same time, EdU staining and clonal formation experiments showed that the proliferation of CNE1 and CNE2 was significantly inhibited in the medium and high concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules(P<0.05, P<0.01). Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of CNE1 and CNE2 was significantly increased in all concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules(P<0.01), and the apoptosis rate was concentration-dependent. Western blot showed that the expressions of XIAP, survivin, PCNA, p-PI3K, and p-Akt in all concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules were significantly down-regulated(P<0.05, P<0.01). In conclusion, Biyan Jiedu Capsules can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells possibly by down-regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Humans ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Capsules ; Carcinoma/drug therapy*