Background: Human muscle satellite (stem) cells (MuSCs) are essential for investigating muscle physiology, regeneration, and disease mechanisms. Primary cultures derived directly from human tissues offer a more physiologically relevant model than immortalized cell lines. However, the isolation and characterization of MuSCs from human upper limb tissues are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to establish and characterize a primary culture system for MuSCs obtained from human upper limb muscle tissue. Methods: Human muscle tissues were obtained from upper limb surgical specimens. Muscle samples were mechanically and enzymatically dissociated to isolate muscle-derived cells, which were cultured under standard growth conditions. Cell morphology and proliferation were monitored during the culture period. Myogenic characteristics were assessed by examining the expression of muscle-specific markers including myogenic regulatory factors and structural proteins. Additionally, myogenic differentiation capacity was evaluated by inducing differentiation and analyzing the formation of multinucleated myotubes. Results: Primary MuSCs were isolated from human upper limb tissues and expanded in vitro. The cultured cells exhibited a typical spindle-shaped morphology and demonstrated significant proliferative capacity. Characterization confirmed the expression of myogenic markers, indicating the presence of muscle-derived precursor cells. Following induction of differentiation, the cells formed multinucleated myotube-like structures and expressed muscle proteins associated with differentiation, highlighting their potential for myogenic differentiation. Conclusion This study established a reliable protocol for isolating and culturing MuSCs from human upper limb tissues. Cultured cells displayed typical myogenic characteristics and differentiation capacity, indicating that this model could be a valuable platform for studying human muscle biology and potential therapeutic applications.

Background: and Purpose To compare the epidemiological and clinical features of the rare patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) with age- and sex-matched controls in a nationwide cohort from South Korea. Methods: This observational cohort study analyzed newly diagnosed CADASIL patients aged at least 20 years and matched controls using data from the National Health Information Database for 2004–2022. The cumulative incidence of CADASIL was assessed by age and sex, and compared between regions. Neurologic and systemic diseases were compared between the CADASIL and control groups. Results: The study analyzed 816 CADASIL patients and 816 age- and sex-matched controls aged 56.8±15.2 years (mean±standard deviation), among whom 48.3% were male. The cumulative incidence of CADASIL was 1.86 per 100,000 people (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.85– 1.87 per 100,000), and peaked at 60–69 years of age. In terms of regional distribution, the incidence was highest for Jeju, at 39.67 per 100,000 (95% CI 37.84–41.49 per 100,000). Neurologic diseases were more frequent in CADASIL patients, including Alzheimer’s disease (33.1% vs.20.0%), vascular dementia (84.9% vs. 5.0%), epilepsy (34.6% vs. 15.9%), stroke (70.7% vs. 27.6%), parkinsonism (18.9% vs. 11.0%), and depression (60.8% vs. 44.9%). Systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (78.9% vs. 68.9%) were also more common in CADASIL patients, while cancer (27.9% vs. 38.7%) and myocardial infarction (10.0% vs. 13.6%) were less common than in controls. The onset ages of all diseases were lower in CADASIL patients. Conclusions This study has provided a precise nationwide estimate of the CADASIL incidence and its regional distribution in South Korea. CADASIL patients showed higher incidence rates and earlier onsets of diverse clinical manifestations.

Xuefu zhuyu decoction is a classic formula for promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis， characterised by its remarkable ability to treat different diseases with the same approach. Qi stagnation and blood stasis， the primary syndrome for which this formula is indicated， has been found through modern medical research to be intrinsically linked to a wide range of pathophysiological processes， including microcirculatory disorders， abnormalities in hemorheology， inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction； which opens up vast scope for the innovative application of traditional formulas. In terms of pharmacological effect and mechanism， the formula exerts a synergistic regulatory effect across multiple key pathological pathways， including the regulation of coagulation function， the maintenance of vascular structure and function， anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions， the mitigation of oxidative stress， and the modulation of programmed cell death （such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis）. This systematically demonstrates its scientific rationale， which is based on integrated regulation through multiple constituents， multiple targets and multiple pathways. In terms of clinical application， the formula has expanded from cardiovascular diseases to multiple disciplines， including gastroenterology， respiratory medicine， urology， neurology， endocrinology， gynaecology and andrology， with evidence-based medical evidence continuing to accumulate. Current research still faces bottlenecks such as a relatively low level of clinical evidence， insufficient systems biology analysis of the mechanisms underlying the compound’s formulation， and a weak correlation between quality control indicators and therapeutic efficacy. Future efforts should focus on conducting multicentre randomised controlled trials for conditions where the formula demonstrates particular efficacy， deepening research into the relationship between integrated pharmacology and spectrum-efficacy relationship， and promoting the precise application and formulation innovation of classical herbal formulas.

Xuefu zhuyu decoction is a classic formula for promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis， characterised by its remarkable ability to treat different diseases with the same approach. Qi stagnation and blood stasis， the primary syndrome for which this formula is indicated， has been found through modern medical research to be intrinsically linked to a wide range of pathophysiological processes， including microcirculatory disorders， abnormalities in hemorheology， inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction； which opens up vast scope for the innovative application of traditional formulas. In terms of pharmacological effect and mechanism， the formula exerts a synergistic regulatory effect across multiple key pathological pathways， including the regulation of coagulation function， the maintenance of vascular structure and function， anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions， the mitigation of oxidative stress， and the modulation of programmed cell death （such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis）. This systematically demonstrates its scientific rationale， which is based on integrated regulation through multiple constituents， multiple targets and multiple pathways. In terms of clinical application， the formula has expanded from cardiovascular diseases to multiple disciplines， including gastroenterology， respiratory medicine， urology， neurology， endocrinology， gynaecology and andrology， with evidence-based medical evidence continuing to accumulate. Current research still faces bottlenecks such as a relatively low level of clinical evidence， insufficient systems biology analysis of the mechanisms underlying the compound’s formulation， and a weak correlation between quality control indicators and therapeutic efficacy. Future efforts should focus on conducting multicentre randomised controlled trials for conditions where the formula demonstrates particular efficacy， deepening research into the relationship between integrated pharmacology and spectrum-efficacy relationship， and promoting the precise application and formulation innovation of classical herbal formulas.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between periodontitis severity and brain functional indices-amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations （ALFF） and fractional ALFF （fALFF） in cognitively normal middle-aged and older adults， and to examine their associations with cognitive performance. Methods42 cognitively normal middle-aged and older participants were enrolled. Periodontal data—including the number of remaining teeth （NTP）， bleeding on probing positivity rate （BOP%）， probing depth （PD）， and clinical attachment loss （CAL） as well as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. Participants were divided into a mild periodontitis group and a moderate-to-severe periodontitis group according to periodontitis severity. Group differences in ALFF and fALFF were compared， and correlation analyses were performed. ResultsCompared with the mild periodontitis group， the moderate-to-severe group showed decreased ALFF values in the right lingual gyrus， superior occipital gyrus， paracentral lobule， and in the left calcarine cortex as well as the precentral and postcentral gyri. Decreased fALFF values were observed in the right lingual gyrus， cuneus， and left calcarine cortex. Indicators related to periodontitis progression ［BOP%， PD=4-5 mm （%）， PD≥6 mm （%）， CAL=3-4 mm （%） and CAL≥5 mm （%）］ were negatively correlated with ALFF， fALFF and cognitive performance， whereas indicators reflecting better periodontal function ［PD=1-3 mm （%） and CAL=0-2 mm （%）］ were positively correlated with these measures. ConclusionIn cognitively normal middle-aged and older adults， periodontitis severity is associated with alterations in brain functional activity and cognitive performance.

OBJECTIVE To establish a content determination method for two specific C21‑steroid saponins namely 3- O - β -allopyranosyl-（1→4）- β -oleandropyranosyl-11- O -isobutyryl-12- O -acetyl tenacigenin B（compound T） and 17 β -tenacigenin B in Marsdenia tenacissima decoction pieces.METHODS Ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography‑tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC‑MS/MS） was adopted. An XSelect HSS T3 XP chromatographic column was used. Gradient elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min， the injection volume was 5 μL， and the column temperature was 40 ℃. An electrospray ionization source was applied for mass spectrometry， and multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for positive‑ and negative‑ion acquisition.RESULTS The linear relationships of compound T and 17 β -tenacigenin B were good within the concentration ranges of 10-200 ng/mL and 20-200 ng/mL， with r values of 0.993 1 and 0.998 6， respectively； the RSD values of precision， repeatability， accuracy， and stability were all below 4.5% （ n ＝5-6）. Their contents in three batches of decoction pieces were 94.0-102.8 μg/g and 1 705.4-1 736.2 μg/g， respectively.CONCLUSIONS The established method can be applied for the content determination of the two specific C21‑steroid saponins mentioned above in M. tenacissima decoction pieces.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for pharmaceutical care in patients with ulcerative colitis （UC） and ankylosing spondylitis （AS） who developed pustular psoriasis induced by infliximab. METHODS Clinical pharmacists participated in the pharmaceutical care process of a patient with UC and AS who developed pustular psoriasis after using infliximab. The clinical pharmacists determined， using Naranjo’s Scale， that the correlation between the patient’s pustular psoriasis and infliximab was “likely”. Regarding the patient’s development of pustular psoriasis after using infliximab， the clinical pharmacists recommended discontinuing infliximab and switching to Upadacitinib extended-release tablets. For the patient’s skin allergic reaction after using upadacitinib， the clinical pharmacists advised continuing the use of upadacitinib and closely monitoring any potential adverse reactions during the treatment period. RESULTS The clinicians adopted the clinical pharmacists’ recommendation. Following the treatment， the patient’s symptoms were significantly alleviated， and the patient was discharged with medication. The follow-up after discharge showed that the treatment was effective and well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The clinical pharmacists analyzed the causal relationship between infliximab and pustular psoriasis. Through pharmaceutical care measures such as dynamic monitoring of skin lesions， evaluation of treatment responses， and optimization of drug regimens， they assisted the physicians in formulating an individualized medication plan， ensuring the safety and efficacy of the patient’s medication use.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity and perform cost-consequence analysis of the brief version of the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)for identifying cognitive impairment in a community-based population ≥50 years of age.Methods The internal consistency and retest reliability of the brief version of the MoCA were analyzed,and the area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity were determined to discriminate mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and dementia with the clinical dementia rating(CDR)as the diagnostic criterion.The consistency between the brief version and the full version was analyzed by the Kappa test and the Bland-Altman method,and the number of individuals entering the diagnostic assessment and the overall assessment time were estimated and compared between the two versions.Results A total of 303 individuals were included in this study,of whom 192,94,and 17 had normal cognitive function,MCI,and dementia,respectively.The Cronbach's α and re-test coefficients of the brief version of MoCA were 0.754 and 0.711(P<0.001),respectively.The brief version showed the AUC,sensitivity,and specificity of 0.889,74.5%,and 93.8% for identifying MCI,and 0.994,100%,and 93.8% for identifying dementia,respectively.When the brief version of MoCA was used to identify 94 patients with MCI in 303 individuals,107 individuals required additional diagnostic assessment,with an overall assessment time of 142.4 h,which represented decreases of 21.3% and 32.7%,respectively,compared with those of the full version.When the brief version of MoCA was used to identify 17 patients with dementia in 303 individuals,35 individuals required additional diagnostic assessment,with an overall assessment time of 70.4 h,a decrease of 29.5% in the time cost compared with the full version.Conclusions The brief version of MoCA can identify cognitively impaired individuals in a community-based middle-aged and elderly population,with diagnostic validity comparable to that of the full version but less time cost and fewer individuals needing additional diagnostic assessment to detect true-positive cases.It could be expanded for use in the community-based primary screening setting.
Humans ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis* ; Male ; Female ; Mental Status and Dementia Tests ; Reproducibility of Results ; Dementia/diagnosis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cost-Benefit Analysis

Zirconium dioxide(ZrO2)is a suitable solid phase microextraction(SPME)fiber coating due to its high thermal and chemical stability and excellent adsorption.Similarly,polydopamine(PDA)can also be utilized as SPME fiber coating because of its strong oxidation resistance and stability,desired adsorption as well as environmental friendliness.In this work,a novel zirconium dioxide-doped polydopamine(ZrO2@PDA)SPME fiber coating was quickly fabricated on the stainless steel(SS)by cyclic voltammetry(CV)using the etched SS wire as working electrode,a Pt rod as counter electrode and a saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode.Coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection(HPLC-UV),the extraction performance of the fabricated SS@ZrO2@PDA fiber was evaluated using typical aromatic compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),ultraviolet filters(UvFs),phthalate acid esters(PAEs)and chlorophenols(CPs).The SS@ZrO2@PDA fiber showed excellent extraction capability for PAHs and PAEs,however,poor extraction capability for UvFs and no extraction capability for CPs.Therefore,PAHs were selected as target analytes and the key experimental factors on extraction efficiency were optimized.Under the optimized conditions,good linearity was obtained for the developed SPME-HPLC-UV method with the SS@ZrO2@PDA fiber.The limits of detection(LODs,S/N=3)were 0.018-0.082 μg/L.The developed method was successfully applied to determination of trace PAHs in different actual water samples with recoveries of 86.7%-102.4%and RSDs less than 8.2%.In addition,the fabricated novel fiber was simple to prepare and exhibited high stability,good reproducibility and long service life.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment for China liver cancer staging (CNLC) Ia hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at difficult-to-reach locations.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 114 patients with CNLC Ia HCC at Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅳb or Ⅰ segments that were difficult-to-reach locations who were admitted to People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2018 to December 2023. Among the patients, 85 were males and 29 were females, aged (58.1±1.0) years. The patients were divided into two groups: a RFA group with 31 cases and a surgical resection group with 83 cases. Compare the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) before and after surgery, the surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, recurrence free survival rate, and cumulative survival rate between the two groups.Results:The comparison of age, gender, ALT, and AST between the two groups showed no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). The differences in ALT and AST levels before and after surgery in the RFA group were (134.8±38.7) U/L and (195.1±53.9) U/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the surgical resection group [(226.8±17.9) U/L and (229.5±16.2) U/L] ( t=-2.45 and -1.12, P=0.016 and 0.041). The RFA group had shorter operation time [(69.2±11.7) min vs. (210.6±8.9) min], less intraoperative blood loss [(8.7±3.8) ml vs. (238.6±20.8) ml], and shorter postoperative hospital stays [(6.4±1.0) d vs. (13.1±0.4) d] compared to the surgical resection group, with all differences statistically significant (all P<0.05). The overall complication rates were 19.4% (6/31) in the RFA group and 22.9% (19/83) in the surgical resection group, showing no significant difference ( χ2=0.16, P=0.685). No statistically significant diffe-rence was found in recurrence-free survival rates between the two groups ( χ2=0.13, P=0.717). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in cumulative survival rates between the groups ( χ2<0.01, P=0.978). Conclusion:For HCC at CNLC Ⅰa in challenging locations, RFA demonstrated shorter operation time and postoperative hospital stay, less intraoperative bleeding, and superior liver function recovery compared with surgical resection, while no significant difference was observed in survival outcomes between the two treatment groups.