PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes according to the Ring's classification system in patients with the distal humeral coronal plane articular fracture after treatment with open reduction and internal fixation (OR/IF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with the distal humeral coronal plane articular fracture treated with OR/IF in the three hospitals were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically according to the Ring's classification system. RESULTS: Eleven patients, including three males and eight female patients, with a mean age of 55 years (15–88 years) were enrolled in this study. Average Mayo elbow performance score was 85 (60–100), four patients had excellent, four had good, and three had fair results. Fracture union was achieved in ten of 11 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation. In the analysis of the results according to Ring's classification, patients presenting fracture of the posterior aspect of the lateral column showed worse clinical results than those who did not. It was the same for the patient presenting fracture of the posterior aspect of the trochlea. CONCLUSION: The open reduction and internal fixation provides good clinical and radiologic outcomes for the distal humeral coronal plane articular fracture. Our results suggest that the type of fracture involvement with posterior aspect of trochlear or capitellum can result in poor clinical outcomes.
Classification ; Elbow ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine clinical practice patterns in the management of pregnant women admitted with threatened preterm labor (TPL) in Korea. METHODS: Data from women admitted with a diagnosis of TPL were collected from 22 hospitals. TPL was defined as regular uterine contractions with or without other symptoms such as pelvic pressure, backache, increased vaginal discharge, menstrual-like cramps, bleeding/show and cervical changes. Data on general patient information, clinical characteristics at admission, use of tocolytics, antibiotics, and corticosteroids, and pregnancy outcomes were collected using an online data collections system. RESULTS: A total of 947 women with TPL were enrolled. First-line tocolysis was administered to 822 (86.8%) patients. As a first-line tocolysis, beta-agonists were used most frequently (510/822, 62.0%), followed by magnesium sulfate (183/822, 22.3%), calcium channel blockers (91/822, 11.1%), and atosiban (38/822, 4.6%). Of the 822 women with first-line tocolysis, second-line tocolysis were required in 364 (44.3%). Of 364 with second-line, 199 had third-line tocolysis (37.4%). Antibiotics were administered to 29.9% of patients (284/947) with single (215, 22.7%), dual (26, 2.7%), and triple combinations (43, 4.5%). Corticosteroids were administered to 420 (44.4%) patients. Betamethasone was administered to 298 patients (71.0%), and dexamethasone was administered to 122 patients (29.0%). CONCLUSION: Practice patterns in the management of TPL in Korea were quite various. It is needed to develop standardized practice guidelines for TPL management.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Back Pain ; Betamethasone ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Dexamethasone ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Muscle Cramp ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Physician's Practice Patterns ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnant Women ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies* ; Tocolysis ; Tocolytic Agents ; Uterine Contraction ; Vaginal Discharge

PURPOSE: To establish a pH measurement system for a mouse tumor study using a clinical scanner, to develop the (1)H and (31)P radio frequency (RF) coil system and to test pH accuracy with phantoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The (1)H and the (31)P surface coils were designed to acquire signals from mouse tumors. Two coils were positioned orthogonally for geometric decoupling. The pH values of various pH phantoms were calculated using the (1)H decoupled (31)P MR spectrum with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The calculated pH value was compared to that of a pH meter. RESULTS: The mutual coil coupling was shown in a standard S12. Coil coupling (S12) were -73.0 and -62.3 dB respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained from the homogeneous phantom (1)H image was greater than 300. The high resolution in vivo mice images were acquired using a (31)P-decoupled (1)H coil. The pH values calculated from the (1)H-decoupled (31)P spectrum correlated well with the values measured by pH meter (R(2)=0.97). CONCLUSION: Accurate pH values can be acquired using a (1)H-decoupled (31)P RF coil with a clinical scanner. This two-surface coil system could be applied to other nuclear MRS or MRI.
Animals* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mice ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio

The aims of this study were to estimate daily intake of macrominerals from beverages, liquid teas, and liquid coffees and to evaluate their potential health risks for Korean children and adolescents (1-to 19 years old). Assessment of dietary intake was conducted using the actual level of sodium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in non-alcoholic beverages and (207 beverages, 19 liquid teas, and 24 liquid coffees) the food consumption amount drawn from "The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009)". To estimate the dietary intake of non-alcoholic beverages, 6,082 children and adolescents (Scenario I) were compared with 1,704 non-alcoholic beverage consumption subjects among them (Scenario II). Calculation of the estimated daily intake of macrominerals was based on point estimates and probabilistic estimates. The values of probabilistic macromineral intake, which is a Monte-Carlo approach considering probabilistic density functions of variables, were presented using the probabilistic model. The level of safety for macrominerals was evaluated by comparison with population nutrient intake goal (Goal, 2.0 g/day) for sodium, tolerable upper intake level (UL) for calcium (2,500 mg/day) and phosphorus (3,000-3,500 mg/day) set by the Korean Nutrition Society (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, KDRI). For total children and adolescents (Scenario I), mean daily intake of sodium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium estimated by probabilistic estimates using Monte Carlo simulation was, respectively, 7.93, 10.92, 6.73, 23.41, and 1.11, and 95th percentile daily intake of those was, respectively, 28.02, 44.86, 27.43, 98.14, and 3.87 mg/day. For consumers-only (Scenario II), mean daily intake of sodium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium estimated by probabilistic estimates using Monte Carlo simulation was, respectively, 19.10, 25.77, 15.83, 56.56, and 2.86 mg/day, and 95th percentile daily intake of those was, respectively, 62.67, 101.95, 62.09, 227.92, and 8.67 mg/day. For Scenarios I.II, sodium, calcium, and phosphorus did not have a mean an 95th percentile intake that met or exceeded the 5% of Goal and UL.
Adolescent ; Beverages ; Calcium ; Child ; Humans ; Korea ; Magnesium ; Models, Statistical ; Nutrition Surveys ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Tea

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections occur predominantly in children, and are usually self-limiting. However, 75-95% of the infections in adults are symptomatic (mostly with jaundice), with the illness symptoms usually persisting for a few weeks. Atypical manifestations include relapsing hepatitis, prolonged cholestasis, and complications involving renal injury. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe, drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction characterized by skin rash, fever, lymph-node enlargement, and internal organ involvement. We describe a 22-year-old male who presented with acute kidney injury and was diagnosed with prolonged cholestatic hepatitis A. The patient also developed DRESS syndrome due to antibiotic and/or antiviral treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of histopathologically confirmed DRESS syndrome due to antibiotic and/or antiviral treatment following HAV infection with cholestatic features and renal injury.
Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Cefotaxime/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Cholestasis/complications/*diagnosis ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy/virology ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Eosinophilia/etiology ; Exanthema/*chemically induced/pathology ; Ganciclovir/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis A/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use ; Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use ; Male ; Syndrome ; Young Adult

Lack of hygiene and puerperal mastitis are common causes of bacterial diseases in nursing neonates. The aim of this study was to isolate microorganisms from milk samples of healthy female Jindo dogs with suckling puppies and to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility against the isolated bacteria. Milk samples were collected from 120 udders of 12 lactating Jindo dogs that were 2~4 years old without any clinical diseases including mastitis. Bacteria were isolated from 64 milk samples (53.3%), either singly (76.6%) or in combination (23.4%). Staphylococcus (S.) spp. was the most common microorganisms (74.7%) isolated from canine milk, followed by Haemophillus spp. (10.9%), Streptococcus spp. (9.6%), Gardnerella spp. (2.4%) and Moraxella spp. (2.4%). The most frequently isolated organism was S. warneri (31.3%). Antimicrobial susceptibility of these bacteria was tested with 17 antimicrobial agents by Kirbyand Bauer standardized disc diffusion method. Results indicated that bacteria isolated from healthy canine milk were mostly susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalothin and ceftiofur, but were resistant to erythromycin, neomycin and tetracycline.
Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacteria ; Cephalosporins ; Cephalothin ; Diffusion ; Dogs ; Erythromycin ; Female ; Gardnerella ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Infant, Newborn ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; Mastitis ; Milk ; Moraxella ; Neomycin ; Staphylococcus ; Streptococcus ; Tetracycline

Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous rupture of the quadriceps tendon is a very rare condition and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. The etiology is not clear yet. But it occurs infrequently in patients with chronic metabolic disorders. A 30-year-old female patient with simultaneous bilateral spontaneous quadriceps tendon rupture visited our hospital. She had chronic renal failure and her parathyroid hormone level was elevated due to parathyroid adenoma. We report a surgical repair of both quadriceps tendons of a patient with chronic renal failure as well as management of hyperparathyroidism.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; Rupture ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Tendons

BACKGROUND: To evaluate whether Staphylococcus aureus is actually the leading cause of infective endocarditis in Korea, investigation on updated clinical pictures, treatments, and prognosis was performed. This study also aims to describe differences in clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty five patients who were diagnosed with infective endocarditis, using modified Duke criteria, at 4 Soon Chun Hyang University Hospitals (located in Seoul, Bucheon, Cheonan, and Gumi) from January of 2000 to June of 2007 were enrolled. Patients were separated into two groups; those on hemodialysis and those who were not on hemodialysis (control group). Medical records and laboratory results of each patient were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The positive rate of blood culture was 72.7%. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 38.2% of the patients, making it the most common causative organism of infective endocarditis. It was also the most common organism in both hemodialysis group and non-hemodialysis group. Six patients (10.9%) died while admitted to the hospital and the in-hospital death rate for hemodialysis group was significantly higher. CONCLUSION: In most parts of the world, S. aureus is increasingly becoming the principal causative organism of infective endocarditis. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows S. aureus to be the most common causative organism of infective endocarditis in Korea, and that Korea is not except from this global epidemiology.
Endocarditis ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Prognosis ; Renal Dialysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus

BACKGROUND: To evaluate whether Staphylococcus aureus is actually the leading cause of infective endocarditis in Korea, investigation on updated clinical pictures, treatments, and prognosis was performed. This study also aims to describe differences in clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty five patients who were diagnosed with infective endocarditis, using modified Duke criteria, at 4 Soon Chun Hyang University Hospitals (located in Seoul, Bucheon, Cheonan, and Gumi) from January of 2000 to June of 2007 were enrolled. Patients were separated into two groups; those on hemodialysis and those who were not on hemodialysis (control group). Medical records and laboratory results of each patient were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The positive rate of blood culture was 72.7%. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 38.2% of the patients, making it the most common causative organism of infective endocarditis. It was also the most common organism in both hemodialysis group and non-hemodialysis group. Six patients (10.9%) died while admitted to the hospital and the in-hospital death rate for hemodialysis group was significantly higher. CONCLUSION: In most parts of the world, S. aureus is increasingly becoming the principal causative organism of infective endocarditis. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows S. aureus to be the most common causative organism of infective endocarditis in Korea, and that Korea is not except from this global epidemiology.
Endocarditis ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Prognosis ; Renal Dialysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus

Two of the common causes of hypercalcemia are malignancy and primary hyperparathyroidism. These disorders are easily diagnosed by the clinical manifestations and measurement of the serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) level. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism is an uncommon cause of hypercalcemia. The diagnosis of hypercalcemia associated with hyperthyroidism can only be made by excluding the common causes of hypercalcemia and by observing the improvement of the hypercalcemia and its associated symptoms with normalizing the thyroid function. Herein we reported our experience with a 67 year-old woman who presented with nausea and vomiting. She showed elevated serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Serum intact PTH level was 1.1 pg/mL (normal range; 10~65). The results of the thyroid function test were compatible with hyperthyroidism. After resolution of the thyrotoxicosis with combination treatment of methimazol and Lugol's solution, the patient's serum calcium and phosphorus levels were normalized and the symptoms were improved.
Aged ; Calcium ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Graves Disease ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia* ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; Hyperphosphatemia ; Hyperthyroidism* ; Nausea ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Phosphorus ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotoxicosis ; Vomiting