[Objective]To summarize Professor LIN Xianming's clinical experience in treating tic disorders(TD)based on the"promoting Yang to relieve stagnation"approach.[Methods]Through clinical observation,literature review,and analysis of Professor LIN's theoretical discussions and medical case records,this study systematically elaborates the etiology and pathogenesis of TD,and further explores the unique diagnostic and therapeutic approach of"promoting Yang to relieve stagnation"by supporting clinical case.[Results]Professor LIN believes that TD often arises from the gradual stagnation of Yang Qi,leading to internal Yang stasis,which further exacerbates the condition.Manifestations arise either from Yang Qi failing to nourish the mind and sinews,or from the offensive surge of constrained Yang.The traditional"calming the liver and extinguishing wind"method may hinder the development of Yang Qi in children.Therefore,he proposes the"promoting Yang to relieve stagnation"method,combining Cinnamomi Ramulus-based formulas with acupuncture at back-Shu points,which facilitates the dispersal of Yang Qi and restores proper function,thereby nourishing the mind and tendons and alleviating the tics.The differentiated application of various Cinnamomi Ramulus-based formulas,combined with the"quick and slow needling technique"applied to back-Shu points,can effectively treat TD.The attached TD case presents a pattern of depressed Yang Qi failing to flowing smoothly,accompanied with offensive surge of constrained Yang Qi,along with Yang Qi deficiency.The treatment employed Guizhi Gegen Decoction combined with stimulation of the back-Shu acupoints to disperse stagnation and activate Yang,elevate Yang and restore Yin balance,resulting in favorable therapeutic outcomes.[Conclusion]Professor LIN's approach of treating TD through"promoting Yang to relieve stagnation"has shown remarkable efficacy and is worth promoting in clinical practice.

[Objective]To study the academic characteristics of ZHANG's fever theory of Shanghai-style traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)of Sojae Semen Praeparatum herb pairs,and briefly analyze its clinical application in pulmonary epidemics.[Methods]Based on school-specific medical records,classical Chinese medical texts including Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases and Discussion of Warm Diseases,and modern pharmacological research,this study systematically summarizes the application features of Sojae Semen Praeparatum herb pairs in ZHANG's internal medicine for treating pulmonary epidemics.A representative case study was presented to exemplify ZHANG's clinical strategy of"pathogen elimination through dispersion".[Results]The ZHANG's internal medicine school has accumulated rich theories on and developed a profound and unique understanding of febrile diseases.By analyzing Sojae Semen Praeparatum's properties,efficacy and pairing principles,along with its commonly used herb combinations,an application system centered on"providing pathogens an exit route"was established.The proved case was of febrile disease in winter,and was treated with a modified decoction of Sojae Semen Praeparatum and achieved good results.[Conclusion]ZHANG's school employs Sojae Semen Praeparatum herb pairs with remarkable flexibility,addressing both pathological complexity and herbal synergism.The approach achieves significant therapeutic effects through pathogen dispersion,representing one of ZHANG's academic essences in treating pulmonary epidemics and providing valuable insights for modern TCM clinical practice.

[Objective]To explore the relationships between the specifications of pills and medication and syndrome treatment in Jingui Yaolue,summarize ZHANG Zhongjing's academic thoughts of flexibly using pills.[Methods]Through studying Jingui Yaolue,combining the annotations of past generations and modern researches,this study summarized the specifications of the pills involved in the whole book based on the"quantity",interpreted the meaning of the specifications,analyzed the selection basis of different pill specifications from the two dimensions of medication and syndrome treatment,and summarized the academic thoughts of pills and its modern clinical significance.[Results]ZHANG Zhongjing established a two-dimensional specification system of"size-amount"of pills.The size of the pill was standardized by the quantitative unit and the amount of medicine was determined according to the single dosage and the frequency of medication.He emphasized that the amount of medicine was led through medication,paid attention to the unification of"medicinal properties-medicine quantity"and the balance of efficacy and poison.Moreover,he advocated clarifying the amount according to the syndrome treatment,flexibly adjusted the specifications of pills in terms of medicinal methods,objects and time of taking,and built a dynamic balance system of"specifications-medicine efficacy".This academic thoughts of using pills was based on specifications and deeply guided modern clinical practice.[Conclusion]ZHANG Zhongjing's academic thoughts of using pills takes"amount"as the core realized the unification of individualized medication and maximum therapeutic effect through specification selection.Based on the specifications of pills,focusing on"amount-effect"research,and integrating modern research results,it was expected to provide more accurate guidance for the clinical application of pills and promote its modern application.

[Objective]To summarize the clinical experience of Professor YAO Xinmiao's experience in treating restless legs syndrome(RLS)with acupotomy from four sinews separately under the theoretical guidance of"bones can stand upright with sinews",with a view to illustrate the theoretical basis and clinical application of treating RLS with acupotomy from four sinews.[Methods]Through the clinical study with Professor YAO,combined with the review of Chinese medical ancient Books and modern medical research literature on RLS,the overview of RLS,the theoretical overview of"bone can stand upright with sinews",and Professor YAO's opinions on the theoretical basis and clinical practice of treating RLS with acupotomy from four sinews separately are elaborated,and Professor YAO's idea of identification and treatment of RLS are analyzed.[Results]RLS is a central nervous system sensory dysfunction disease,and traditional treatment has problems such as significant side effects,drug tolerance and symptom rebound.The theory of"bones can stand upright with sinews"emphasizes the dominant position of tendons in the concept of balance between sinews and bones.Professor YAO believes that the onset of RLS is caused by the disruption of the balance between sinews and bones.Sinew of foot-Taiyang,sinew of foot-Shaoyang,sinew of foot-Jueyin,sinew of foot-Shaoyin are closely related to RLS.Doctors need to flexibly use acupuncture techniques such as perpendicular needling,Hegu needling and superficial needling to treat RLS based on characteristics of the four sinews separately.Meanwhile,doctors need to base themselves on the concept of muscle bone balance,focus on the training of core stability,reduce recurrence and improve long-term efficacy.[Conclusion]Professor YAO's emphasis on the concept of balance between sinews and bones based on the concept of"bone can stand upright with sinews"not only has important guiding significance in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders with acupotomy,but also has high application value in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders with acupotomy,which is worth learning and promoting.

[Objective]To explore the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction on pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH)through regulating long non-coding RNA metastasis-related lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(lncRNA MALAT1),and further verify the specific molecular mechanism.[Methods]The HPH model of rat was established by using a low-pressure hypoxia method,and intragastric administration of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction was performed at doses of 4.5 g/(kg·d)and 8.75 g/(kg·d).The model construction was evaluated by rat right ventricular systolic pressure and Fulton index,and then the pulmonary artery vascular remodeling was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemistry.The drug-containing serum of rats was prepared,and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs)of rat were extracted.The cell model was then established under hypoxic conditions.PASMCs activity and migration capacity were detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)and Transwell respectively.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of lncRNA MALAT1 and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1(SRSF1).Western blot was employed to analyze the expression of related proteins in cells and tissues.[Results]Compared with model group,the right ventricular systolic blood pressure and ventricular hypertrophy in Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction group were significantly relieved(P＜0.05),and the remodeling of pulmonary artery was alleviated.lncRNA MALAT1 was significantly overexpressed in the pulmonary artery tissues of rats in model group,and the downstream SRSF1/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1(4E-BP1)signaling axis was significantly activated.Compared with model group,the expressions of lncRNA MALAT1 and SRSF1/mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling axis-related proteins in the pulmonary artery tissues of rats in Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction administrated group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In vitro,PASMCs treated with drug-containing serum of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction exhibited significantly reduced proliferation(P＜0.05)and migration abilities,decreasing expression of lncRNA MALAT1(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the expression of SRSF1/mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling axis-related proteins was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Furthermore,through the transfection with overexpression plasmids of lncRNA MALAT1 or SRSF1,the expression of lncRNA MALAT1 was increased(P＜0.05),the cell proliferation(P＜0.05)and migration abilities were recovered,and the expression of SRSF1/mTORC1/4E-BP1 signal axis-related proteins was increased(P＜0.05),indicating that the above inhibitory effects were significantly reversed.[Conclusion]Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction can alleviate HPH vascular remodeling by down-regulating lncRNA MALAT1 expression,and regulating SRSF1/mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling axis.

[Objective]Based on the ancient view of"four seasons and five elements",to analyze the source of the two contradictory texts in Inner Canon of Huangdi,namely,the spleen is not in control and the flat pulse is not in control("the good one is not visible"),and the spleen is in control of the long summer and the flat pulse is in control("the soft one is weak"or"apart from the soft one,like a chicken treading on the ground").[Methods]By adopting an integrated research approach that combines philology,historiography and theoretical studies,this paper first interprets the relevant theories of the seasonal-visceral pulses in Inner Canon of Huangdi and points out the textual contradictions existing therein.Then,it traces the origin of the Five Elements thought in the formation of the seasonal-visceral pulse theory,revealing the two main schemas generated by the Five Elements doctrine in different stages of development.Finally,from the perspective of how philosophical thoughts influence the formation of medical theories,it explains the construction of the seasonal-visceral theory in Inner Canon of Huangdi.Furthermore,using the dual-evidence method and combining the unearthed literature Tianhui Medical Bamboo Slips,it points out the reasons for the emergence of the seasonal-visceral pulse texts and further conducts an objective reflection on the methods of interpreting medical classics.[Results]The emergence of the text contradiction of the viscera was closely related to the view of"four seasons and five elements"and the"five seasons and five elements"produced by its evolution.The concept of"four seasons and five elements"originated from the ancient people's simple observation and understanding of the composition and interrelationship of time and space and the material world,and was based on nature and social practice.The concept of"four seasons and five elements"is used in the construction of the theory of four seasons and five viscera in traditional Chinese medicine.Under the theory system of four seasons and five viscera,the spleen was the main palace,not the main time,so the spleen did not respond to the normal pulse.The"five seasons and five elements"was accompanied by the emergence of the five elements of the circulation pattern,the reinterpretation of the law of the four seasons,the five seasons should be a more complete closed loop of the five viscera,but it was not derived from a more universal practice law,and can not completely replace the theory of the viscera under the guidance of the four seasons and five elements.In particular,the flat pulse of the spleen governing the summer in the five viscera veins did not have clinical reference,but to a greater extent,it was a mechanical adaptation for the logical self-consistency of the five seasons thought.[Conclusion]The philosophical thought of the Five Elements is the root cause of the textual contradictions in the seasonal-visceral pulse theory,which reflects that the construction of TCM theory is deeply influenced by ancient Chinese philosophy.Abiding by the laws of objective practice and clarifying the formation and evolution of medical-philosophical thoughts are conducive to a deeper understanding of Inner Canon of Huangdi,thereby better interpreting and inheriting the classics.

[Objective]To summarize Professor HE Ruoping's experience in treating breast cancer.[Methods]Through follow-up study,the clinical experience of Professor HE in treating breast cancer was summarized from the aspects of etiology,pathogenesis,clinical diagnosis and treatment characteristics,and a medical case was cited to illustrate it.[Results]Professor HE believed that the pathogenesis of breast cancer was based on the deficiency of vital energy,mostly due to liver depression and spleen deficiency,Chongren imbalance,liver and kidney deficiency,closely related to emotional factors.She insisted on"strengthening the vital energy and expelling pathogenic factors",and treated it by regulating the liver and spleen,consolidating the basic energy,regulating Chongren,dispatching drugs along with the syndromes,paying attention to specific diseases and drugs,and was good at using pair drugs.The attached case belonged to deficiency of Qi and Yin and evil turbidity obstructing,the treatment should benefit the blood and Qi and dispel the evil turbidity.Her self-made recipe improved the prognosis and life quality of the patient.[Conclusion]In treating breast cancer,Professor HE mostly uses the methods of nourishing the liver and kidney,soothing the liver and relieving depression,nourishing Yin and clearing heat,as well as calming the mind and the spirit,with the core of relieving the liver and kidney deficiency and Qi and blood imbalance of breast cancer patients,and adding or reducing the drugs according to the changes of according to the changes of symptoms.Her clinical experience is worth promoting.

[Objective]To explore the patterns of diagnosis and prescription in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),specifically using Polygala tenuifolia Willd formulas,for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD),grounded in the fundamental theories of TCM.[Methods]The medical case documents containing"Poly gala tenuifolia Willd formula for dementia"were included in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wanfang and Gujin Medical Case Cloud Platform databases.Furthermore,an Excel 2019 database was created and subsequently standardized.The database was then mined for patterns related to the administration and utilization of medications,by utilizing the Gujin Medical Case Cloud Platform and the Python programming language.Following standardization,the drug application rules were explored by using the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform and Python.[Results]It employed the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform and Python following standardization.A total of 211 kinds of drugs were recorded in 165 medical records,with warm being the most prevalent,followed by neutral.These drugs were mainly sweet,pungent and bitter in taste,and the main effects of the drugs were attributed to the liver,heart,kidney,spleen and lung meridians,and most of the drugs that were paired with Poly gala tenuifolia Willd had functions of opening the orifices,inducing drainage and seepage of dampness,invigorating blood circulation,removing blood stasis and tonifying the deficiency.Acorus calamus and Poly gala tenuifolia Willd were the core pair of drugs with the common dosage of 10 g and 15 g respectively,and the proportion of the two was mostly 1︰1,2︰3.Acorus calamus-Poly gala tenuifolia Willd was often paired with Poria,commonly used pairs were Radix Rehmanniae Preparata-Cornu Cervi,Ligusticum Chuanxiong-Salviae Miltiorrhizae,the complex network analysis showed that the core composition of treating AD was the prescription of Kaixin Powder which removed ginseng but added with the participation of the Radix Rehmanniae Preparata,Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Ligusticum Chuanxiong and Glycyrrhiza glabra.[Conclusion]In this study,among the formulas containing Polygala tenuifolia Willd for AD,the highest correlation was found between Polygala tenuifolia Willd and Acorus calamus,which was mainly used to replenish deficiency and for diarrhea,and focused on strengthening the spleen,resolving dampness and expelling phlegm,regulating the liver and activating the blood,and benefiting the kidneys and filling in the marrow on the basis of tranquilizing the spirit and opening up the aperture to awaken the mind.The preliminary clarification of the medication law of the formulas containing Polygala tenuifolia Willd for the treatment of AD can provide a basis for the clinical use of medication and the development of new prescriptions.

[Objective]To explore the therapeutic approaches for meridian-tendon diseases documented in medical manuscripts of the Qin and Han Dynasties,and provide insights for modern treatment of meridian-tendon diseases.[Methods]By compiling and analyzing the meridian-tendon diseases related information extracted from medical bamboo slips and silk such as Mawangdui Medical Texts,Zhangjiashan Han Medical Bamboo,Tianhui Medical Bamboo Slips and Wuwei Han Medical Slips,which investigate the understanding of Qin-Han period physicians,regarding of the etiology,pathogenesis,symptoms and treatment methods of meridian-tendon diseases,with a focus on extracting records related to their treatment methods,systematically summarizing specific therapeutic approaches and comprehensively outlining the treatment system for meridian-tendon diseases in Qin-Han medical texts.[Results]The study revealed that Qin-Han period physicians primarily attributed the etiology and pathogenesis of meridian-tendon diseases to the invasion of wind,cold,and damp pathogens,whose clinical manifestations included limb pain,numbness,reduced function and motor impairment.Therapeutically,a comprehensive system integrating internal and external treatments was established:external treatments encompassed repositioning,moxibustion,ironing,Bian stone therapy,acupuncture and massage therapy;internal treatments included single-drug prescriptions and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compounds;preventive healthcare measures comprised Daoyin,dietary therapy,health supplements,cupping therapy and Zhuyoushu.These approaches collectively formed a holistic treatment and prevention system for meridian-tendon diseases in Qin-Han medical texts.[Conclusion]The treatment of meridian-tendon diseases during this period exhibited characteristics of combining internal and external therapies,using medications and diet concurrently,applying a single technique for multiple purposes,emphasizing both prevention and treatment,and widely utilizing alcohol.

[Objective]To explore the disease diagnosis and treatment philosophy embedded in Zhiyi's Mohe Zhiguan(Great Calm and Insight).[Methods]Using a literary research methodology,this study interprets the medical content of Mohe Zhiguan based on classical theories of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and traditional Chinese cultural frameworks.A descriptive analysis without subjective interpretation was adopted to examine the diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics in the text,analyze the value and contributions of Zhiyi's medical philosophy,elucidate his unique cognitive model of medicine,and compare it with modern psychosomatic medicine to uncover its contemporary relevance.[Results]Although Mohe Zhiguan primarily serves as a guide to meditative practice,it contains rich insights into medical diagnosis and treatment.These include an emphasis on medical ethics,distinctive perspectives on life,etiology and therapeutic approaches.While some of these concepts may differ from modern understandings of disease pathology and treatment principles,they offer valuable insights for addressing psychosomatic disorders prevalent in contemporary society when viewed through the lens of holistic and mind-body medicine.[Conclusion]Zhiyi,a master of Buddhist classics,integrated TCM and Indian medical traditions to develop a unique medical paradigm.When critically examined as part of China's cultural heritage,his work can complement and enrich research in TCM.Further in-depth exploration and dissemination of his ideas are warranted to advance the study of traditional medical systems.