A 12-year-old intact female Miniature Pinscher dog was presented to our hospital with a large mass in the right mammary gland. On computed tomography, several masses throughout the mammary glands and enlarged bilateral inguinal lymph nodes were confirmed. Right hemimastectomy was performed first, and mammary gland osteosarcoma with lymph node metastasis was diagnosed by histopathological examination. After consultation with the owner, left hemimastectomy was not performed, but chemotherapy with carboplatin was initiated. The dog was treated with carboplatin, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and mega-dose vitamin C therapy for approximately eight months. However, during the course of treatment, pulmonary metastasis, neurological signs, and periosteal reaction in the appendicular skeletons developed, and the patient died after several seizure episodes. This present case report describes the overall disease progression and treatment of mammary gland osteosarcoma in a dog.

Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (DLVOTO) is commonly observed in feline patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but it is less frequent in dogs. DLVOTO observed in young dogs often resolves after β 1 -adrenergic antagonist treatment. However, due to the lack of reported cases and the absence of a control group, it is difficult to determine whether improvements are due to aging-related changes in ventricular architecture or treatment itself. Thus, we report two cases of DLVOTO confirmed via echocardiography.Case 1 was an 8-month-old female Spitz and Case 2 was a 5-month-old female Cocker Spaniel. A prophylactic β 1 -adrenergic antagonist was prescribed to reduce the outflow gradient, and echocardiographic changes associated with DLVOTO and consequent left ventricular concentric hypertrophy resolved after β 1 -blocker prescription. This is the first report to discuss echocardiographic changes in relation to changes in β-blocker dose in canine DLVOTO

An 11-year-old neutered male Golden Retriever presented with lameness of the left forelimb, anorexia, and lethargy. Computed tomography revealed a left humeral mass displaying an aggressive bony lesion with sclerotic changes, raising suspicion of a malignant bone tumor. A hemogram showed marked mature lymphocytosis and moderate nonregenerative anemia. Additional diagnostic methods, including bone marrow aspiration and flow cytometry, definitively diagnosed T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Left forelimb amputation was performed, and osteosarcoma was diagnosed based on histopathological examination. Chemotherapy with chlorambucil and prednisolone was initiated for the CLL. Three weeks after treatment, the patient’s clinical signs of anorexia and lethargy resolved, with improvement in lymphocytosis and resolution of anemia. To the best of our knowledge, synchronous osteosarcoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia have not been reported in veterinary medicine. The concurrent occurrence of osteosarcoma and leukemia has seldom been reported in human medicine, and genetic predisposition is proposed to be a potential risk factor. This is the first documented case report of concurrent osteosarcoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia detailing its clinical features and diagnostic processes.

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with submucosal saline injection are well-established methods for excising nonpolypoid early neoplastic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in humans. In EMR and ESD, this submucosal injection forms a bulla that lifts the lesion, provides a safety cushion during resection, and reduces the risk of perforation. Commonly used solutions include normal saline (NS), 10% glycerol, and 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (SH). Among these, 0.4% SH is the most preferred solution in humans due to its slow absorption. While the usefulness of EMR and ESD in humans has been well-documented, information on its application in veterinary medicine remains limited. This study aimed to compare the usefulness and safety of 0.4% SH with 10% glycerol and NS as a gastric submucosal injection solution in rabbits with goals of providing a veterinary perspective on the application of submucosal injection solutions and highlighting the clinical relevance for endoscopic procedures in animals. A conventional gastrotomy was performed to expose the gastric lumen, followed by a submucosal injection. In macroscopic evaluations of mucosal elevation using a digital caliper, 0.4% SH showed a statistically significant elevation effect compared with NS, unlike 10% glycerol. Histomorphometric analysis further revealed that 0.4% SH maintained submucosal space expansion for the longest duration. In addition, histopathological analysis showed no tissue damage except for hemorrhage across all of the submucosal injection groups. In conclusion, 0.4% SH is considered the most preferable submucosal injection material in veterinary medicine, particularly for its usefulness and safety. Based on the results of this study, minimally invasive techniques such as EMR and ESD are expected to be applicable in animals. This study provides the first veterinary-specific evaluation of 0.4% SH as a submucosal injection solution in endoscopic resection (ER), demonstrating its potential benefits in minimally invasive endoscopic procedures. The findings suggest that 0.4% SH may enhance the safety and efficacy of ER, making it a preferable choice for submucosal injection in this context in veterinary medicine.

Three Jeju roe deer (Capreolus pygargus jejuensis) raised at the Roe Deer Observation Center in Jeju were submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University from November to December 2008. Two roe deer, both fawns, were five-month-old males with the clinical signs of watery diarrhea and severe dehydration. And the third one, an adult was two-year-old female displayed sign of depression and was found after death. Grossly, mesenteric lymph nodes were moderately to severely enlarged, small and large intestines were congested and contained fluid material in two fawns. Several variable sized yellowish-white foci were scattered on the surface of the liver and kidneys in an adult. Histologically, in two fawns, multifocal confluent to diffuse purulent lymphadenitis were observed in mesenteric lymph nodes, and multifocal necrosis and abscesses were presented in small and large intestines. And there were abscesses and multifocal necrosis with bacterial colonies in the liver, spleen and kidney of the adult, respectively. Many bacterial colonies also existed in inflammatory foci of above organs, and were demonstrated as Gram negative cocco-bacilli using Gram staining. Isolated bacteria were grayish, round to shiny colonies on blood agar, and colorless on MacConkey’s agar. These bacteria were confirmed as Yersinia (Y.) pseudotuberculosis by VITEK 2 system and polymerase chain reaction. Based on the gross examinations, histopathologic findings, bacterial analysis, three roe deer were diagnosed as Y. pseudotuberculosis infection. This is the first pathologic study for Y. pseudotuberculosis infections of Jeju roe deer in Korea.

We previously developed a W-chromosome-specific primer (P0) for universal avian sexing, in conjunction with the P2 and P8 primers. In our prior study, 18 bird species across 12 orders were tested to assess the applicability of this approach. However, the reliability of the test needs further confirmation with a larger sample size due to potential sequence polymorphism in the PCR primer binding site. To validate the reliability of P0, we examined the conservation of nucleotide sequences in the Chromodomain-Helicase DNA-binding 1 (CHD1) gene on the W and Z chromosomes, focusing on the P0 binding site in Domestic Chickens (Gallus domesticus), Saunders’s Gulls (Larus saundersi), and White Storks (Ciconia boyciana). We found no variation in the P0 binding site of 90 Domestic Chickens, 37 Saunders’s Gulls, and 39 White Storks. In addition, there was no interspecies polymorphism among the three species except one nucleotide, indicating conservation of the sequence on both chromosomes targeted by P0.

This study aimed to assess the stability and safety of 1.5- & 2.0-mm hybrid locking plates compared to conventional 1.5 mm locking plates for managing radius and ulnar fractures in small and toy-breed dogs. The hybrid locking plate features two 2.0 mm screw holes designed for distal segment and six 1.5 mm screw holes for proximal segments. We conducted mechanical tests across three configurations targeting the distal segment of the radius: a conventional locking plate with three 1.5 mm screws, one with two 1.5 mm screws, and a hybrid locking plate with two 2.0 mm screws, using fracture gap model. Our findings indicate that the hybrid plates provided the highest mean stiffness and significantly reduced impulse values, suggesting enhanced stability and lower energy absorption. Specifically, stiffness values increased from 193.58 N/mm in the basic setup to 268.56 N/mm in the hybrid configuration, while impulse values decreased significantly across the groups, pointing to potential benefits in immediate post-operative stability. However, the fatigue cyclic tests highlighted no significant differences in survival rates among the groups, suggesting that further research is needed to validate these findings under more dynamic conditions. Consequently, these results underline the potential of 1.5- & 2.0-mm hybrid plates as a valuable tool for treating challenging fractures in small breeds, although further clinical trials are necessary to confirm their effectiveness in real-world scenarios.

A 12-year-old, spayed female Pekingese dog was presented with frequent syncope and exercise intolerance. Thoracic auscultation revealed a grade 4 heart murmur bilaterally and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Electrocardiography indicated right axis deviation, suggesting right ventricular hypertrophy. Thoracic radiographs showed normal vertebral heart score of 9, vertebral left atrial size of 2.1, and intercostal space of 3.2, with an increased contact area between the sternum and right heart. Echocardiography revealed moderate tricuspid regurgitation and severe pulmonary hypertension (velocity 4.48 m/s; pressure gradient 80.4 mmHg). Based on diagnostic findings, congenital shunts, left-sided heart disease, tracheobronchial disease, pulmonary embolism, and heartworm disease were excluded, leading to a diagnosis of right-sided heart failure secondary to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, with the characteristic narrow nostrils observed in the pekingese breed. The initial treatment with sildenafil citrate, along with pimobendan, enalapril maleate, and furosemide for right-sided heart failure, failed to improve syncope or pulmonary hypertension after three months. Beraprost sodium, a prostacyclin analog, was added, resulting in significant improvement in syncope despite unchanged echocardiographic findings (velocity 4.42 m/s; pressure gradient 78.2 mmHg). Clinical improvements persisted for 12 months with a regimen of sildenafil citrate (3 mg/kg PO bid) and beraprost sodium (20 µg/kg PO bid).

This case report documents the first standing laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy performed on a Jeju horse. A 3-year-old Jeju horse underwent the procedure after pre-operative fasting and sedation. Three portals were created:one for the laparoscope and two for instruments. The first undescended testis was located, double ligated for blood flow control, and then transected. Hemostasis was confirmed. The procedure was repeated for the other undescended testis. The time required for this procedure was approximately 2 hours. The horse was hospitalized overnight for monitoring before being discharged the following day. No complications were observed during or after surgery.

This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of anatomic M-mode (AMM) in 31 healthy cats. We compared cardiac dimensions and function using two-dimensional (2D) mode, AMM, and conventional M-mode (CMM). We used 2D as the standard and evaluated the agreement among 2D, AMM, and CMM measurements. In healthy cats, AMM, rather than CMM, measurements of IVSd/s, LVDd/s, and LVFWd were acceptable for reliability. Since the diagnosis of HCM is based on thickness of IVSd and LVFWd, AMM has potential to be more useful than CMM as a diagnostic tool for echocardiographic measurement in cats.