Objectives To explore the feasibility of temporary veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(VV-ECMO)technology for early on-site treatment,through establishing an animal model of severe blast lung injury in goats by free-field chemical explosion experiments in high-altitude regions.Methods A total of 16 adult goats were selected,and divided into the control group and the treatment group according to the random number table method,with 8 goats in each group.A model of severe blast lung injury was established at an altitude of 4 600 meters above sea level,then the goats in the control group were given respiratory support and the goats in the treatment group were given temporary VV-ECMO treatment.The survival status of the goats 15 minutes after injury was recorded,the vital signs[including body temperature,respiration rate,heart rate,and mean arterial pressure(MAP)]and arterial blood gas analysis indicators[including pH,arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PCO2),oxygen saturation(SaO2),lactate(LAC),calcium(Ca2+),hematocrit(HCT),and hemoglobin(Hb)]before injury and 1 hour,2 hours,3 hours after injury were compared in the two groups.The post-mortem examination was performed on all dead goats and sacrificed goats after treatment,the severity of lung injury was assessed by organ injury scaling(OIS),and the lung injury score was evaluated by abbreviated injury scale(AIS).The wet-to-dry weight ratio(W/D)and lung coefficient were calculated.Results Within 15 minutes after the explosion,4 goats in the control group died and 4 goats survived;and 5 goats in the treatment group died and 3 goats survived.There was no statistically significant difference in the body temperature,respiration rate,heart rate,or MAP before and after injury between the two groups(P>0.05).The PaO2 and SaO2 1 hour,2 hours,and 3 hours after injury in the treatment group were superior than those in the control group(P<0.05),the Ca2+ 2 hours after injury was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in the pH,PCO2,LAC,HCT or Hb at different time points after injury between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the OIS,AIS or lung coefficient between the two groups(P>0.05),but the W/D of the lung tissue in the control group was lower than that in the treatment group(P<0.05).Conclusion We have established a novel,feasible,and stable treatment effect temporary VV-ECMO animal treatment strategy for the first time in the high-altitude regions,which can provide animal experiment evidence for the early on-site VV-ECMO treatment of severe blast lung injury in high-altitude regions.

Objective To observe the changes of expression of lysyl oxidase family(LOXs)on the retina in acute ocular hypertension(AOH)rats.Methods The SD adult male rats were randomly divided into the control group(CON group)and the AOH group.The rats in the CON group were fed normally without any treatment,and the rats in the AOH group were established AOH model by anterior chamber perfusion.All rats were sacrificed after 2 weeks and retinal tissues were collected.The expression of LOXs[including lysyl oxidase(LOX)and lysyl oxidase-like proteins of LOXL1,LOXL2,LOXL3,LOXL4],and the expression of extracellular matrix(ECM)proteins of Collagen 1/3/4 a1(Col1/3/4 a1),Elastin(Eln),and Fibulin1/4(Fbn 1/4)in the retinal tissues were detected by qRT-PCR.The localiza-tion of LOXs in rat retina was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of LOX in retina was detected by Western blot.Results LOXs were expressed to varying degrees in all layers of the rat retina,LOX was mainly expressed in the retinal ganglion cell layer,nerve fiber layer,inner plexiform layer and outer plexiform layer;LOXL1 was mainly expressed in the inner plexiform layer,outer plexiform layer and vascular wall;LOXL2 was mainly expressed in retinal ganglion cell layer,inner plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer;LOXL4 was mainly expressed in the inner plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer;while LOXL3 was only expressed in the vascular wall.Compared with the CON group,the expression of LOX,Col1a1 and Eln in the retina of rats in the AOH group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and there was no significantly significant difference in the expression of LOXL1,LOXL2,LOXL3,LOXL4,Col3a1,Col4a1,Fbn1,Fbn4 mRNAs in the retina of rats between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion LOX is highly expressed in the retina of AOH rats,which may be involved in the pathological process of retinal injury caused by high intraocular pressure through ECM remodeling.

Objective To investigate the effects of CircNRIP1 on the proliferation,apoptosis and chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer cells by regulating miR-136-5p/Ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(RAC1)axis.Methods The mRNA expression of CircNRIP1,miR-136-5p and RAC1 in normal breast epithelial cells of MCF10A,breast cancer cells of MCF-7 and paclitaxel(PTX)resistant cell line of MCF-7/PTX were detected by qRT-PCR.MCF-7/PTX cells were divided into the CK group(normal culture),the si-NC group(transfected with si-NC),the si-CircNRIP1 group(transfected with si-CircNRIP1),the si-CircNRIP1+inhibitor NC group(transfected with si-CircNRIP1 and inhibitor NC),and the si-CircNRIP1+miR-136-5p inhibitor group(transfected with si-CircNRIP1 and miR-136-5p inhibitor).The cell proliferation rate of each group was detected by CCK-8 method;the cell apoptosis of each group was detected by flow cytometry;the expression of CircNRIP1,miR-136-5p,and RAC1 mRNA of each group were detected by qRT-PCR;the expression of Ki-67,Bax,Bcl-2,and RAC1 proteins of each group were detected by Western blot;the relationships between miR-136-5p and CircNRIP1 and RAC1 were verified by dual luciferase experiment.Results Compared with the normal breast epithelial cells of MCF10A,the expression of CircNRIP1 and RAC1 in the MCF-7 and MCF-7/PTX cells were increased(P<0.05),the expression of miR-136-5p was decreased(P<0.05);compared with the MCF-7 cells,the expression of CircNRIP1 and RAC1 in the MCF-7/PTX cells were increased(P<0.05),while the expression of miR-136-5p was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the CK group and the si-NC group,the cell proliferation rate,the expression of CircNRIP1 and RAC1 mRNA,and the protein expression of Ki-67,Bcl-2,and RAC1 in the si-CircNRIP1 group were decreased(P<0.05),the apoptosis rate,and the expression of miR-136-5p and Bax were increased(P<0.05).Knocking down the expression of miR-136-5p could weaken the inhibitory effect of silencing CircNRIP1 on MCF-7/PTX cells(P<0.05).The dual luciferase experiment verified that miR-136-5p had targeting relationships with CircNRIP1 and RAC1.Conclusion Silencing CircNRIP1 expression can inhibit the malignant biological behavior of MCF-7/PTX cells,and reduce their PTX resistance,which may be related to regulating the miR-136-5p/RAC1 axis.

Objective To investigate the effect of artemisinin(ART)on the malignant biological behavior of colorectal cancer(CRC)cells stimulated by glucose and its mechanism.Methods The concentration gradients of 0,5,10,20,40 and 60 μmol/L of ART were used to treat the human colorectal cancer cell line SW480,and then the cell viability was detected by CCK-8.Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Transwell was used to detect the cell migration and invasion.Western blot was used to detect the apoptosis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)related proteins expression.Results Compared with the 0 μmol/L of ART,the viability of SW480 cells decreased under 5,10,20,40,60 μmol/L of ART treatment(P<0.05),and IC50 was 36.91 μmol/L.Therefore,the cells treated with 10,20 and 40 μmol/L of ART were as the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose ART groups,the cells treated with 0 μmol/L of ART were as the control group,and the cells treated with 40 μmol/L of ART and 10 μmol/L of Coumermycin A1 were as the Coumermycin A1 group.Compared with the control group,the cell scratch wound healing rate,invasion ability,and expression levels of Bcl-2,N-cadherin,Vimentin,p-JAK2,and p-STAT3 in the low-dose ART group,the medium-dose ART group,and the high-dose ART group decreased obviously(P<0.05),while the apoptosis rate,and expression levels of Bax,Caspase-3 and E-cadherin increased(P<0.05).Compared with the high-dose ART group,the cell scratch wound healing rate,invasion ability,and expression levels of Bcl-2,N-cadherin,Vimentin,p-JAK2,and p-STAT3 in the Coumermycin A1 group increased obviously(P<0.05),while the apoptosis rate,and expression levels of Bax,Caspase-3 and E-cadherin decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion ART may inhibit the viability,migration,invasion and EMT of glucose-stimulated CRC cells and promote apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma(PRP)combined with adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)loaded calcium alginate gel on repairing cartilage defects.Methods ADSCs were isolated and cultured from subcutaneous fat of New Zealand white rabbits.The rabbit articular cartilage defect model was created,and then ADSCs were implanted onto PRP loaded calcium alginate gel to construct tissue engineered cartilage and transplant to the defect.The experiment was divided into three groups:the control group,the PRP group and the PRP ADSCs calcium alginate gel group,with 10 rabbits in each group.The morphology and growth of cells were observed after operation.Toluidine blue staining and type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the chondrogenic characteristics of ADSCs.CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation activity of ADSCs.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of type Ⅱcollagen mRNA and proteoglycan mRNA.Results Under the inverted phase contrast microscope,ADSCs showed typical morphology of mesenchymal stem cells,which was spindle or oval,with abundant cytoplasm and regular nuclear shape.With the extension of culture time,ADSCs gradually showed a good growth state,the number of cells increased,the connection between cells was tight,and the morphology was regular.In the control group,there was no obvious repair in the cartilage defect area,with light blue staining and a large number of ADSCs.The cartilage defect area in the PRP group was partially repaired and stained blue,and the number of ADSCs was more than that in the control group.The repair effect of cartilage defect area in the PRP ADSCs calcium alginate gel group was the best,the staining was dark blue,and the number of ADSCs was more than that in the PRP group.After 14 days of induction,the ADSCs were positive for toluidine blue metachromostaining,and purple red metachromostaining appeared in the cytoplasm and the surrounding cells.Type Ⅱ collagen immunohis-tochemical staining showed that the average gray value of ADSCs cells in the PRP ADSCs calcium alginate gel group was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05);and the positive cells showed brownish yellow granules in the cytoplasm and yellow staining around the cells.CCK-8 test showed that the ADSCs in the PRP ADSCs calcium alginate gel group entered exponential growth on the second day,and that in the control group began to enter exponential growth on the third day.During the observation period,the OD value of ADSCs in the PRP ADSCs calcium alginate gel group was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).The expression of type II collagen mRNA in the PRP ADSCs calcium alginate gel group was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).The proteoglycan mRNA expression of ADSCs in the three groups increased with time.On the 14th and 21st day,the proteoglycan mRNA expression of ADSCs in the PRP ADSCs calcium alginate gel group was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The tissue engineered cartilage constructed by the complex formed by PRP,ADSCs and calcium alginate gel can improve the proliferation activity of ADSCs and the mRNA expression levels of collagen type II and proteoglycan,and the defective articular cartilage can be repaired significantly.

Objective To explore the biomechanical characteristics of different orthopedic angles at distal femora in genu valgum treated with distal femur osteotomy(DFO).Methods The MRI and CT image data of a typical female volunteer with supracondylar femur deformity and symptomatic genu valgum were collected to construct a three-dimensional bone-joint finite element model of genu valgum,with seven postoperative models at different orthopedic angles.The mechanical lateral distal femoral angle(mLDFA),medial proximal tibial angle(MPTA),mechanical femorotibial angle,and lower limb alignment crossing distance of the genu valgum model were measured.The redistribution of contact force and von Mises stress of knee cartilage and meniscus in the medial and lateral compartments of knee joint in standing extension were observed and analyzed.Results The lower limb alignment crossing distance was obviously affected by the orthopedic angle,which crossed the 50%boundary at the orthopedic angles of 6° to 7°.The mechanical femorotibial angle was affected by the orthopedic angle,which gradually turned negative at the orthopedic angles of 5° to 6°.MPTA was not affected by the orthopedic angles.mLDFA was affected by the orthopedic angle,the mLDFA increased by 1°with every 1° increase in the orthopedic angle.When the orthopedic angle on the coronal plane was 7°,the femoral-tibial mechanical axis crossed through 48.6%of the coronal plane of the knee joint space,the contact force distribution of the medial and lateral compartments of the knee joint was 40%on the lateral compartment,and 60%on the medial compartment,the von Mises stresses distribution of articular cartilages on the medial and lateral compartments were the most uniform,the peak stress on the lateral compartment of the femoral cartilage of the knee joint was 5.2 MPa,with 5.5 MPa on the medial compartment,and the peak stress on the lateral compartment of the tibial side was 6.0 MPa,with 6.2 MPa on the medial compartment.Conclusion The orthopedic angle has a significant effect on the redistribution of medial and lateral compartment contact force and cartilage stress in the treatment of genu valgum with DFO.After orthopedics,the femoral-tibial mechanical axis crosses slightly medial to the midpoint of the tibial plateau,with a slight varus,the stress distribution of articular cartilage is more balanced,and the contact force distribution of the medial and lateral compartments are close to the normal state of the human knee joint.

Objective To explore the incidence and imaging characteristics of bifid ribs of Tibetan population in Kangbei area by multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT),in order to provide imaging reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The imaging data of 1 253 Tibetan patients(661 males and 592 females)in Kangbei area who underwent chest MSCT examination were retrospectively analyzed.The incidence of bifid ribs and its differences between genders and sides were counted.The location of bifid ribs,the morphological charac-teristics of the junction of bifid ribs and costal cartilage,and the change of adjacent intercostal space were observed.Results Among 1 253 patients with chest MSCT,57 patients had bifid ribs,with a total of 64 bifid ribs.The incidence of bifid ribs at the patient level was 4.55%,of which 51 cases had single bifid rib and 6 cases had multiple bifid ribs;the incidence of bifid ribs in male was 4.99%(33/661),the female was 4.05%(24/592),and the difference between genders was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The incidence of bifid ribs was 56.14%(32/57)on the right side,33.33%(19/57)on the left side,and 10.53%(6/57)on both sides,the differences between different sides were statistically significant(P<0.05).The bifid ribs were found in the 2nd to 8th ribs,mainly in the 3rd to 5th ribs.A total of 55(85.94%)junctions of bifid ribs and costal cartilage were obturator type,5(7.81%)junctions were incompletehole shape type,3(4.69%)junctions were double costal cartilage type and 1(1.56%)junction was other type;62(96.88%)junctions were narrow in the upper intercostal space.Conclusion The incidence of bifid ribs of the Tibetan population in Kangbei area is 4.55%,which mainly occurs in the 3rd to 5th ribs,and the obturator type is more common,with the upper intercostal space narrow.MSCT can make accurate diagnosis of bifid ribs and provide accurate imaging evaluation for clinical practice.

Objective To compare the incidence of superior facet joint violation in patients with different preoperative diagnoses in posterior lumbar interbody fusion.Methods The clinical data of 320 patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion from January 2018 to December 2021 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the preoperative diagnoses were including the lumbar disc herniation/lumbar spinal canal stenosis,degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis,and isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis.The superior facet joint violation was graded based on the postoperative lumbar CT,the incidences of superior facet joint intrusion of patients with different preoperative diagnosis were compared,and the correlations between relevant parameters(including the apical vertebrae of fixation segments,facet joint angle,depth of lamina,introversion angle of pedicle screw,axial diameter of facet joint,and slippage length of vertebrae)with superior facet joint violation and preoperative diagnoses were investigated.Results The incidence of superior facet joint violation in the patients with isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis(57.4%)was higher than that in the patients with lumbar disc herniation/lumbar spinal canal stenosis(41.2%)and degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis(35.9%),with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The apical vertebrae of fixation segments,facet joint angle,axial diameter of facet joint and introversion angle of pedicle screw were related with the occurrence of superior facet joint violation(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the facet joint angle,axial diameter of facet joint and apical vertebrae of fixation segments among patients with different preoperative diagnoses(P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with isthmiclumbar spondylolisthesis are more likely to occur superior facet joint violation than patients with lumbar disc herniation/lumbar spinal canal stenosis and degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Objective To compare the effects of transumbilical single-incision appendectomy and laparoscopic appendectomy in the treatment of acute appendicitis in pediatric patients.Methods The clinical data of 162 pediatric patients under 14 years old with acute appendicitis admitted to our department were retrospectively analyzed,and the pediatric patients were divided into the transumbilical single-incision surgery group(n=59)and the laparoscopic group(n=103)according to their surgeries.The completion of the operation was recorded,and the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,gastrointestinal function recovery time,hospitalization cost,hospital stay and complications were compared between the two groups.The postoperative wound healing was observed.The wound infection,abdominal pain,abdominal distension,vomiting and abnormal stool were observed during the 6-month follow-up after operation.Results The operations of pediatric patients in the laparoscopic group were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery.The appendixes of 2 cases in the transumbilical single-incision surgery group were found by transumbilical laparoscopy during the operation due to the difficulty in finding the appendixes.The operation time and hospital stay in the transumbilical single-incision surgery group were shorter than those in the laparoscopic group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the hospitalization cost,intraoperative blood loss,gastrointestinal function recovery time,or incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).The incision healing in the transumbilical single-incision surgery group was more beautiful.During the follow-up period,the incision of the pediatric patients in the two groups healed well,and there was no abdominal pain,abdominal distension,vomiting or abnormal stool.Conclusion Compared with the traditional laparoscopic appendectomy,transumbilical single-incision appendectomy has the advantages of simple operation,short operation time and hospital stay,and more beautiful incision healing.

Objective To preliminarily investigate the related factors influencing the size of vestibular schwannomas.Methods The clinical data of patients with vestibular schwannomas who underwent retrosigmoid approach surgery at the department of neurosurgery of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2013 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The tumor size of the patients was evaluated based on their preoperative imaging data.Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explore the factors affecting the size of vestibular schwannomas.Results The tumor size of patients was ranging from 0.63 to 6.60 cm,with a median size of 2.97(2.20,3.80)cm.Univariate analysis showed that gender(P=0.010),ethnicity(P=0.001),age(P=0.049)and cystic solid tumor(P<0.001)were related to the size of vestibular schwannomas.Large-sized vestibular schwannomas were most commonly cystic-solid,and small and medium-sized vestibular schwannomas were most commonly solid.BMI,surgical side and place of residence were not correlated with the size of vestibular schwannomas(P>0.05).Multiple linear regression results showed that male(B=0.390,P=0.001)and Uyghur(B=0.611,P<0.001)patients were more likely to develop large tumors;with every 1-year increase in age,the maximum diameter of the tumor was reduced by an average of 0.011 cm(B=-0.011,P=0.027).Conclusion The gender,age,and ethnicity of patients are correlated with the size of vestibular schwannomas,and male,Uyghur,or younger patients were at higher risk of developing larger vestibular schwannomas.