At present, the treatment of sepsis depends largely on non-specific methods, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Stem cells have garnered significant attention in the treatment of various diseases due to their unique biological properties. Stem cells enhance sepsis survival through mechanisms such as reducing bacterial burden, modulating inflammation, and ameliorating organ dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that stem cells can increase the survival rate of sepsis patients through multiple pathways such as reducing the bacterial load of the host, regulating inflammatory homeostasis, and improving multi-organ dysfunction. Their derivatives, exosomes, can also alleviate the imbalanced immune response in sepsis patients. Recent advances in stem cell-based therapies for sepsis were summarized in this paper.

Liver cancer, one of the most common primary malignancies in humans, is a malignant tumor characterized by multifactorial induction, polygenic involvement, and intricate molecular mechanisms. This disease is characterized by its treatment challenges and poor prognosis, which are closely related to its unique tumor microenvironment composition. The tumor microenvironment of liver cancer is a dynamic ecosystem composed of heterogeneous cellular populations, soluble cytokines, and remodeled extracellular matrix. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of the tumor microenvironment of liver cancer, revealed an important role in the occurrence, development, and treatment of liver cancer. The key regulatory elements of the tumor microenvironment in liver cancer were systematically summarized, such as activation of hepatic stellate cells, dysfunction of immune cells, abnormalities of platelet, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, which provided theoretical foundations for prevention and treatment strategies against liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Epimedium multiflorum T. S. Ying. Methods The ethanol extract of E. multiflorum was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin-layer chromatography, and semi-preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and comparison with literature data. Results Ten compounds were isolated and purified, which structures were identified as baohuoside Ⅱ（1），2′′-O-rhamnosyl-icariside Ⅱ（2）, icariin（3）, epimedoside A（4）, ikarisoside B（5）, epimedin C（6）, baohuoside Ⅴ（7）, epimedin A（8）, epimedin B（9）, and ikarisoside C（10）. Conclusion All the isolated flavonoid compounds were obtained from E. multiflorum for the first time.

Objective To explore the effects of CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 genotypes on the plasma concentration of voriconazole in children. Methods Collected blood samples from 50 hospitalized children with invasive fungal infections who received intravenous voriconazole from January 2020 to December 2020. High performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the blood trough concentration of voriconazole, and the time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection system was used to detect the genotypes of CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP3A5, and the effects of children’s genotyping on the plasma concentration, efficacy and adverse reactions of voriconazole were analyzed. Results The total effective rate of 50 children with IFI was 84% （42/50 cases） after voriconazole treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions was 20% （10/50 cases）. The measured plasma concentration of voriconazole ranged from 0.56~7.62 μg/ml. Combined with the different mutation types of CYP2C19 gene loci, three metabolic activities were produced: fast, medium and slow, and the test results showed that there were 16 cases of fast metabolism, 27 cases of intermediate metabolism and 7 cases of slow metabolism. There was a significant difference in plasma concentrations among the three groups （F=15.359, P<0.001）, and the drug concentrations in the fast metabolic group were significantly lower than those in the intermediate metabolic and slow metabolic groups. The mutations of CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 had no significant effect on the plasma concentrations of the drugs, which were （F=2.213, P=0.086 and F=0.757, P=0.475）. Conclusion Voriconazole had significant efficacy in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in children, and the adverse reactions were mild. CYP2C19 genotype was significantly related to the rate of drug metabolism and was an important factor affecting blood drug concentration, the detection of drug concentration and genotype of voriconazole was helpful to adjust the effective drug dose clinically and would achieve more scientific and individualized treatment.

Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprints for the different extracts from Coptidis Rhizoma，and investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity in vitro to analyze the pharmacodynamic material basis. Methods Nine kinds of Coptidis Rhizoma extracts were prepared, and establish the HPLC fingerprints for them. The antibacterial rate of each extract was determined by the broth microdilution method with Staphylococcus aureus as the test bacteria. The grey relational analysis （GRA） method was used to analyze the correlation between the fingerprint data and the in vitro antibacterial test data. Results The HPLC fingerprints of nine kinds of Coptidis Rhizoma extracts were established, nine common characteristic fingerprint peaks were calibrated, and 5 peaks were identified by the reference substance comparison method. GRA analysis experiments showed that the correlation between nine peaks and antibacterial effect was 0.559 1~0.803 3; and the peak 3, peak 8 （palmatine hydrochloride）, peak 9 （berberine hydrochloride） were positively correlated with the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus,while the peak 9 （berberine hydrochloride） had the strongest effect, and its correlation degree was 0.803 3. Conclusion The effective substance of antibacterial was preliminarily determined through the study of spectrum-effect relationship for Coptidis Rhizoma extracts,which may be the alkaloids, mostly containing hydrochloride, which provided a reference for further research on the pharmacodynamic material basis of Coptidis Rhizoma.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of oral solution of magnesium sodium potassium sulfate in bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Methods Patients who planned to undergo colonoscopy at the digestive department of the Ninth People’s Hospital, affiliated to School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 2023 to August 2023 were selected and eligible subjects were divided into two groups: Group A took polyethylene glycol （PEG） and Group B took oral solution of magnesium sodium potassium sulfate （OSS）. The quality, drug tolerance, and safety of intestinal preparation were evaluated. The quality of bowel preparation was evaluated by the boston bowel preparation scale （BBPS）. Results The right colon BBPS score of Group B was (2.39±0.82) points, which was significantly higher than of Group A (2.11±0.43) points （P<0.05）. The overall score of Group B was higher than that of Group A （P<0.05）. OSS was easier to take than PEG, with a good taste and overall sensation. Patients were willing to use OSS to clean their bowels even when they were willing to undergo another examination （P<0.05）. There was a significant difference in nausea and vomiting symptoms between the two groups （P<0.05）, and there were no significant changes in renal function and electrolytes before and after medication in the two groups of patients. Conclusion OSS had a higher quality of bowel cleaning and was easier for patients to accept.

Objective Based on the visualization graph analysis of the research hotspots of Angelica sinensis, predict the future research trends, and provide references for the next step of Angelica sinensis research. Methods Chinese and English literatures on Angelica sinensis collected from CNKI, WanFang, VIP and Web of Science from 2012 to 2022 were retrieved. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software was used to perform visualization econometrics analysis on the number of publications, authors, institutions, journals, keywords and other topics. Results 3490 Chinese literatures and 409 English literatures were included. Visual knowledge map analysis showed that Gansu University of Chinese Medicine and Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were the research institutions with the largest number of literature publications in Chinese and English respectively. Journals published mainly include Shizhen Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia medica, Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Current research hotspots include the effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides, volatile oils, and ferulic acid on the hematopoietic system, chronic diseases, and cognitive impairment, as well as clinical efficacy evaluations of classic prescriptions containing Angelica sinensis and their modified formulations. The research trend was characterized by a focus on the pharmacological study of Danggui Buxue Tang,employing various experimental approaches such as network pharmacology, serum pharmacology, and metabolomics to elucidate the mechanisms of Angelica sinensis. Conclusion The pharmacological effects of Angelica sinensis and its compound were extensive, which should be further researched.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of sodium hyaluronate （0.3%） eye drops combined with herbal self-heating steam eye mask in the treatment of dry eye disease. Methods A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 patients diagnosed with dry eye at the ophthalmic clinic of a Grade A, Class Ⅲ hospital in Shanghai from June 2023 to September 2024. Specifically, patients were randomly divided into control group and study group. Patients in the control group were treated with sodium hyaluronate （0.3%） eye drops for six weeks; while in the study group, patients received the eye drops combined with the herbal self-heating steam eye mask mainly containing powders of Flos Buddlejae. Subsequently, comparisons and analysis were performed before and after treatment between the two groups in the clinical symptom questionnaire score traditional Chinese medicine （TCM syndrome score），the Chinese dry eye questionnaire score and determination of tear film fluorscein breakup time （FBUT）, and curative effect. Results The quality control standard of the herbal powder in the self-heating steam eye mask was established through TLC and HPLC, and good heating behavior of the herbal self-heating steam eye mask was ascertained heating temperature （43±5）℃; heating duration （≥20 min）, meeting requirements of the product quality control. After treatment for 6 weeks, FBUT was increased, while TCM syndrome score and the Chinese dry eye questionnaire score were both decreased in the study group （P<0.001）. Besides, compared with the control group, TCM syndrome score and the Chinese dry eye questionnaire score were much lower, while the FBUT were higher in the study group （P<0.001）. Moreover, the overall response rate in the study group （81.7%） was much better than that in the control group （25.9%）. Conclusion The combination of sodium hyaluronate （0.3%） eye drops with herbal self-heating steam eye mask could be applied to the clinical treatment of dry eye disease due to its good clinical effects on relieving dry eye symptoms.

Objective To analyze the problems in the operation and management of drug clinical trials and put forward targeted suggestion. Methods An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among medical staff in about 80 hospitals in the yangtze river delta region. Results 606 valid questionnaires were received. 71% of the respondents expressed their willingness to study and participate in drug clinical trials. There were significant differences in the cognitive demands, willingness and motivation of the respondents with different occupations and educational backgrounds about the drug clinical trial work （P<0.05）. During the operation of drug clinical trials, respondents reported the main factors affecting the quality of clinical trials which including good clinical practice (GCP) awareness and subjective enthusiasm of investigators （response rate 27%）, job stability of supervisors and research coordinators （27%）, compliance of subjects （45%）, quality control of the whole process of the circulation of test drugs, medical devices and biological samples （52%）, and the informatization level of clinical trial institutions （30%）. Conclusion Hospitals, institutions and project teams could take measures to cultivate and stabilize the drug clinical trial talent team, improve the quality management system of drug clinical trials, improve work efficiency, and promote the high-quality development of drug clinical trials in medical institutions.

Military hospital preparation rooms are an important part of military medical institutions and have played an important role in military pharmacy support in history. However, with the development of science and technology, the improvement of domestic pharmaceutical production and innovation capabilities, and the adjustment of the military establishment and system, the establishment structure, functional tasks, and business forms of military medical institutions have undergone significant changes. The historical evolution of military preparation rooms were reviewed, the current situation were analyzed and the development challenges faced were identified. It was also explored how military hospital preparation rooms, as an important link in military pharmaceutical support, can face new situations and adapt to new forms of warfare. By enhancing the military efficiency of preparation rooms, it could play a greater role in improving medical support capabilities and enhancing the combat effectiveness of troops.