Purpose: This study examined how parenting behaviors and child self-esteem mediate the relationship between maternal attitudes toward corporal punishment and peer violence perpetration by children. The analysis focused on mothers with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Specifically, the study tested both parallel mediation (positive and harsh parenting behaviors) and serial mediation involving child self-esteem. Methods: This study conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2018 nationwide survey administered by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. The sample consisted of 1,097 mothers, each of whom reported at least one ACE. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 26.0 and the PROCESS macro Model 80. Maternal attitudes toward corporal punishment were specified as the independent variable. Positive and harsh parenting behaviors were included as parallel mediators, child self-esteem was modeled as a serial mediator, and peer violence perpetration was treated as the dependent variable. The significance of indirect effects was evaluated using bootstrapping with 5,000 resamples drawn from the original dataset, with bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals. Results: Maternal attitudes toward corporal punishment were significantly associated with harsh parenting behaviors. These behaviors, in turn, had a negative impact on child self-esteem and contributed to greater perpetration of peer violence. The indirect effects were statistically significant based on bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals derived from the bootstrapped sampling distribution. Positive parenting behaviors did not exhibit any significant mediating effects. Conclusion Tolerant attitudes toward corporal punishment may increase peer violence among children by encouraging harsh parenting and lowering self-esteem. These findings suggest that mitigating harsh parenting and enhancing child self-esteem may help mitigate peer violence. Accordingly, tailored parenting education is recommended for mothers with ACEs.

Purpose: This study examined satisfaction levels and educational needs related to the Maternal and Newborn Health Care Support Program in South Korea, focusing on differences based on demographic characteristics, including maternal age, birth order, delivery method, and prenatal health status. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 136 women who utilized the Maternal and Newborn Health Care Support Program between 2021 and 2022. The data were collected using a structured online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to assess satisfaction levels and educational needs across the demographic subgroups. Results: Satisfaction with standard services varied across demographic groups. Younger mothers reported greater satisfaction with the service content, whereas older mothers expressed higher satisfaction with policy-related aspects. Women who underwent cesarean sections reported lower overall satisfaction compared to those who had vaginal deliveries, particularly regarding service content and the method of program administration. Mothers who experienced postpartum depressive symptoms demonstrated lower satisfaction across most categories. First-time mothers reported higher educational needs across all areas, while mothers with two or more children exhibited greater educational needs specifically related to maternal safety. Conclusion The findings suggest the need for differentiated and tailored service strategies. Efforts to enhance service quality and address diverse needs should entail strengthening the competencies of care workers, expanding supervisory systems for healthcare professionals, and providing greater support for postpartum mental health.

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of video-based prenatal health programs for pregnant women. Methods: A literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and RISS (Research Information Sharing System) databases was conducted using the keywords “("Prenatal Care"[MeSH] OR "Maternal Health Services"[MeSH] OR "Antenatal Education"[MeSH] OR "prenatal program" OR "antenatal care" OR "maternal education" OR "pregnancy health education") AND ("Video Recording" [MeSH] OR "YouTube" OR "online video")” from March 2 to 8, 2025. Peer-reviewed experimental studies published in English or Korean that focused on prenatal programs delivered using video were included. Results: Twelve articles were identified, encompassing themes such as antenatal care, genetic testing, breastfeeding, prenatal infection, and infant care. A meta-analysis of 3 studies demonstrated a significant pooled effect of video interventions on maternal knowledge (standardized mean difference, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.15–0.29; z=6.43; p<0.001), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I²=0%). Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that prenatal video interventions increased knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy while reducing distress, anxiety, and worry. Video-based education represents a scalable, accessible, and effective strategy to complement traditional prenatal care.

Purpose: This study examined factors associated with electronic cigarette use among women of childbearing age in Korea. Methods: Secondary analysis of the 2023 Korean Community Health Survey was conducted using complex-sample logistic regression. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and health status. Results: Electronic cigarette use (3.6 weighted %) was associated with younger age, absence of a spouse (odds ratio [OR], 1.98), lower education (OR, 3.38), employment (OR, 1.38), poor perceived health (OR, 1.59), depressive experiences (OR, 2.46), alcohol use (OR, 2.02), and unmet healthcare needs (OR, 1.34), while awareness of smokefree areas (OR, 0.57) was protective. Conclusion Multifaceted, targeted interventions are needed to reduce electronic cigarette use among women of childbearing age.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the services performed by midwives in midwifery centers in Korea. It evaluates the appropriateness of midwifery fees through cost analysis and provides basic data that can be used to improve the quality of midwifery services and ensure the institutional stability of midwives in the future. Methods: This was a methodological study that used secondary data reports and statistical data provided by the Korean Midwifery Association. Data from 9 of 14 midwifery centers operating in Korea were analyzed. Results: Services provided by midwives in midwifery centers consist of 45 activities across 4 areas: prenatal care, delivery care, postpartum care, and newborn care. The average annual operating cost of midwifery centers was 110 million Korean won, with a cost recovery rate of 44.1%. Therefore, midwifery fees need to increase by 193.0% compared to their current level to compensate for these costs. The fees, which reflect the number of deliveries, also need to increase by 88.8% for primipara deliveries and 8.4% for multipara deliveries. Conclusion This study confirmed that midwifery centers in Korea face operational difficulties due to low midwifery fees under the National Health Insurance Service. Therefore, education and consultation fees must be developed to meet the expectations of mothers with high demands, and waiting fees for childbirth should be established. Furthermore, a legal basis for home births is needed and fees should be set to account for midwives' travel time and associated costs.

Purpose: Family-of-origin health and depression are crucial factors influencing beliefs about childbearing among unmarried individuals. This study explored the mediating role of depression in the relationship between family-oforigin health and beliefs about childbearing among unmarried individuals. Methods: This study included 219 unmarried individuals aged 20 to 40, selected using convenience sampling from a university and church in Changwon city, Korea. Data were collected between June 1 and July 31, 2023, using structured questionnaires assessing family-of-origin health, depression, and beliefs about childbearing. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, 1-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and the PROCESS macro model 4. Results: The average age of the study participants was 25.60±4.20 years. The sample comprised 135 females (61.6%) and 84 males (38.4%). Beliefs about childbearing were significantly positively correlated with family-oforigin health (r=0.21, p=0.002) and significantly negatively correlated with depression (r=-0.30, p<0.001). Familyof- origin health was also significantly negatively correlated with depression (r=-0.38, p<0.001). Depression acted as a mediator in the relationship between family-of-origin health and beliefs about childbearing among unmarried individuals, with an indirect effect of 0.04, and a 95% confidence interval of 0.01 to 0.08. Conclusion This study identified the family-of-origin health as a significant pathway influencing unmarried individuals' mental health and beliefs about childbearing. These findings have implications for interventions to address the declining birth rate.

Purpose: Adolescence involves parental health management, with parents or guardians often making decisions regarding vaccination. This study assessed how parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and health beliefs about influenza vaccination influenced their intentions to vaccinate their adolescent children. Methods: This descriptive survey was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyung Hee University for use between December 1 and 31, 2022. Parents of adolescents aged 13–19 years were surveyed face-to-face and online using a modified tool to evaluate their vaccination intentions, knowledge, attitudes, and health beliefs regarding their children’s influenza vaccination. The analysis included 149 responses and involved methods such as calculating means, standard deviations, t-tests, analyses of variance, Scheffe tests, correlations, and hierarchical regressions. Results: On a 7-point scale, the mean score for parental intention to vaccinate their adolescents was 4.99±1.24. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that positive attitudes towards influenza vaccination, television and radio information, and perceived benefits influenced children’s vaccination intentions, with positive parental attitudes being the most significant factor. The independent variables accounted for 66.7% of the variance in vaccination intentions. Conclusion To improve parental intentions to vaccinate adolescent children against influenza, promoting vaccination benefits and safety through the media is crucial to enhance favorable attitudes. Initiatives that strengthen positive parental attitudes towards influenza vaccination and increase awareness of its benefits can effectively boost vaccination intentions.