Background and Objectives: Dupilumab is approved for the treatment of uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and has been shown to be relatively safe and effective in randomized controlled trials. As such, real-world effectiveness and safety data should be obtained.Subjects and Method We performed a retrospective review of patients with CRSwNP who received monthly treatment of dupilumab between January 2022 and June 2023. Reviewed for the study were the following: demographic data, comorbidities, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal obstruction and sense of smell, identification scores of the Korean version Sniffin’ stikc II (KVSS II) test, nasal polyp score (NPS), and serum eosinophil count. Statistical analyses were performed for each clinical variable. Results: A total of 76 patients (49 male, 27 female) were included in this study. The VAS scores decreased from 7.17 at the baseline to 4.51 at month 6; the KVSS II identification scores increased from 6.71 to 8.47, and the NPS decreased from 3.82 to 0.44. The sino-nasal outcome test-22 scores decreased from 36.29 at the baseline to 8.22 at month 6. The correlations between all clinical variables were statistically significant. Conclusion Monthly treatment of dupilumab is effective and safe for patients with CRSwNP. Further research is required to determine the predictive parameters for treatment responses and adverse events.

Background and Objectives: Dupilumab is approved for the treatment of uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and has been shown to be relatively safe and effective in randomized controlled trials. As such, real-world effectiveness and safety data should be obtained.Subjects and Method We performed a retrospective review of patients with CRSwNP who received monthly treatment of dupilumab between January 2022 and June 2023. Reviewed for the study were the following: demographic data, comorbidities, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal obstruction and sense of smell, identification scores of the Korean version Sniffin’ stikc II (KVSS II) test, nasal polyp score (NPS), and serum eosinophil count. Statistical analyses were performed for each clinical variable. Results: A total of 76 patients (49 male, 27 female) were included in this study. The VAS scores decreased from 7.17 at the baseline to 4.51 at month 6; the KVSS II identification scores increased from 6.71 to 8.47, and the NPS decreased from 3.82 to 0.44. The sino-nasal outcome test-22 scores decreased from 36.29 at the baseline to 8.22 at month 6. The correlations between all clinical variables were statistically significant. Conclusion Monthly treatment of dupilumab is effective and safe for patients with CRSwNP. Further research is required to determine the predictive parameters for treatment responses and adverse events.

Background and Objectives: Dupilumab is approved for the treatment of uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and has been shown to be relatively safe and effective in randomized controlled trials. As such, real-world effectiveness and safety data should be obtained.Subjects and Method We performed a retrospective review of patients with CRSwNP who received monthly treatment of dupilumab between January 2022 and June 2023. Reviewed for the study were the following: demographic data, comorbidities, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal obstruction and sense of smell, identification scores of the Korean version Sniffin’ stikc II (KVSS II) test, nasal polyp score (NPS), and serum eosinophil count. Statistical analyses were performed for each clinical variable. Results: A total of 76 patients (49 male, 27 female) were included in this study. The VAS scores decreased from 7.17 at the baseline to 4.51 at month 6; the KVSS II identification scores increased from 6.71 to 8.47, and the NPS decreased from 3.82 to 0.44. The sino-nasal outcome test-22 scores decreased from 36.29 at the baseline to 8.22 at month 6. The correlations between all clinical variables were statistically significant. Conclusion Monthly treatment of dupilumab is effective and safe for patients with CRSwNP. Further research is required to determine the predictive parameters for treatment responses and adverse events.

Background and Objectives: Dupilumab is approved for the treatment of uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and has been shown to be relatively safe and effective in randomized controlled trials. As such, real-world effectiveness and safety data should be obtained.Subjects and Method We performed a retrospective review of patients with CRSwNP who received monthly treatment of dupilumab between January 2022 and June 2023. Reviewed for the study were the following: demographic data, comorbidities, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal obstruction and sense of smell, identification scores of the Korean version Sniffin’ stikc II (KVSS II) test, nasal polyp score (NPS), and serum eosinophil count. Statistical analyses were performed for each clinical variable. Results: A total of 76 patients (49 male, 27 female) were included in this study. The VAS scores decreased from 7.17 at the baseline to 4.51 at month 6; the KVSS II identification scores increased from 6.71 to 8.47, and the NPS decreased from 3.82 to 0.44. The sino-nasal outcome test-22 scores decreased from 36.29 at the baseline to 8.22 at month 6. The correlations between all clinical variables were statistically significant. Conclusion Monthly treatment of dupilumab is effective and safe for patients with CRSwNP. Further research is required to determine the predictive parameters for treatment responses and adverse events.

Background and Objectives: Dupilumab is approved for the treatment of uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and has been shown to be relatively safe and effective in randomized controlled trials. As such, real-world effectiveness and safety data should be obtained.Subjects and Method We performed a retrospective review of patients with CRSwNP who received monthly treatment of dupilumab between January 2022 and June 2023. Reviewed for the study were the following: demographic data, comorbidities, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal obstruction and sense of smell, identification scores of the Korean version Sniffin’ stikc II (KVSS II) test, nasal polyp score (NPS), and serum eosinophil count. Statistical analyses were performed for each clinical variable. Results: A total of 76 patients (49 male, 27 female) were included in this study. The VAS scores decreased from 7.17 at the baseline to 4.51 at month 6; the KVSS II identification scores increased from 6.71 to 8.47, and the NPS decreased from 3.82 to 0.44. The sino-nasal outcome test-22 scores decreased from 36.29 at the baseline to 8.22 at month 6. The correlations between all clinical variables were statistically significant. Conclusion Monthly treatment of dupilumab is effective and safe for patients with CRSwNP. Further research is required to determine the predictive parameters for treatment responses and adverse events.

We analyzed the manner and cause of death in 1,193 forensic autopsies from the Jungbu province (central part of South Korea) conducted by the National Forensic Service Daejeon Institute in 2022. Analysis of the manner of deaths revealed that 43.1% (514/1,193 cases) were natural deaths; 42.8% (511/1,193 cases) were unnatural deaths; and 14.1% (168/1,193 cases) were unknown. Among the unnatural deaths, the major manner of death was 44.6% (228/511 cases) by accidents, 34.1% (174/511 cases) by suicide, 13.5% (69/511 cases) undetermined, and 7.8% (40/511 cases) by homicide. Among the unnatural deaths, the major causes of death was 38.4% (196/511 cases) by trauma, 20.4% (104/511 cases) by poisoning, and 17.6% (90/511 cases) by asphyxia. Falling was the major cause of death by trauma (58.7%, 115/196 cases), and strangulation was the major cause of death by asphyxia (75.6%, 68/90 cases). Among the natural deaths, heart disease was the major cause (46.7%, 240/514 cases), followed by endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (14.0%, 72/514 cases). A time-series statistical analysis and comparison of the manner and cause of deaths in this province may facilitate more advanced interpretations relating to both public safety and healthcare in the future.

We analyzed the manner and cause of death in 1,193 forensic autopsies from the Jungbu province (central part of South Korea) conducted by the National Forensic Service Daejeon Institute in 2022. Analysis of the manner of deaths revealed that 43.1% (514/1,193 cases) were natural deaths; 42.8% (511/1,193 cases) were unnatural deaths; and 14.1% (168/1,193 cases) were unknown. Among the unnatural deaths, the major manner of death was 44.6% (228/511 cases) by accidents, 34.1% (174/511 cases) by suicide, 13.5% (69/511 cases) undetermined, and 7.8% (40/511 cases) by homicide. Among the unnatural deaths, the major causes of death was 38.4% (196/511 cases) by trauma, 20.4% (104/511 cases) by poisoning, and 17.6% (90/511 cases) by asphyxia. Falling was the major cause of death by trauma (58.7%, 115/196 cases), and strangulation was the major cause of death by asphyxia (75.6%, 68/90 cases). Among the natural deaths, heart disease was the major cause (46.7%, 240/514 cases), followed by endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (14.0%, 72/514 cases). A time-series statistical analysis and comparison of the manner and cause of deaths in this province may facilitate more advanced interpretations relating to both public safety and healthcare in the future.

We analyzed the manner and cause of death in 1,193 forensic autopsies from the Jungbu province (central part of South Korea) conducted by the National Forensic Service Daejeon Institute in 2022. Analysis of the manner of deaths revealed that 43.1% (514/1,193 cases) were natural deaths; 42.8% (511/1,193 cases) were unnatural deaths; and 14.1% (168/1,193 cases) were unknown. Among the unnatural deaths, the major manner of death was 44.6% (228/511 cases) by accidents, 34.1% (174/511 cases) by suicide, 13.5% (69/511 cases) undetermined, and 7.8% (40/511 cases) by homicide. Among the unnatural deaths, the major causes of death was 38.4% (196/511 cases) by trauma, 20.4% (104/511 cases) by poisoning, and 17.6% (90/511 cases) by asphyxia. Falling was the major cause of death by trauma (58.7%, 115/196 cases), and strangulation was the major cause of death by asphyxia (75.6%, 68/90 cases). Among the natural deaths, heart disease was the major cause (46.7%, 240/514 cases), followed by endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (14.0%, 72/514 cases). A time-series statistical analysis and comparison of the manner and cause of deaths in this province may facilitate more advanced interpretations relating to both public safety and healthcare in the future.

Purpose: This study reviewed the pathophysiological mechanisms of cellular aging caused by psychological stress and aimed to establish a biobehavioral theoretical framework for nursing interventions to promote autonomic balance based on these mechanisms. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted. Results: A review of the literature showed that the stress response increases the secretion of catecholamines and glucocorticoids, resulting in a greater allostatic load. This load induces inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, shortening telomere length and damaging mitochondrial DNA, which can lead to cellular aging. Based on this mechanism, a biobehavioral theoretical framework for nursing interventions was established. This framework focuses on delaying or inhibiting the cellular aging process by acting on the stress response stage and improving autonomic balance. Conclusion According to the proposed biobehavioral theoretical framework, stress-relieving nursing interventions may act on the mechanism of cellular aging caused by stress responses. We believe that this framework could expand our understanding of the biobehavioral aspects of stress and would facilitate efforts to use biomarkers to evaluate the effectiveness of stress-related nursing interventions at the cellular level.

Background and Objectives: This study analyzed skin prick tests conducted on respiratory allergy patients in the Busan area for a 40-year period and estimated future changes in inhaled allergens.Subjects and Method This study conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent skin prick tests for respiratory allergies at two hospitals. We analyzed 5942 test results out of the total tests of 6174 recorded from 1982 to 2021. Results: For over 40 years, the main inhalant allergens in the Busan area, including house dust mites (HDM), pollen, have been found to be similar to those in other regions. The sensitization rate of HDM was very high, around 50%-60%, in the early 1990s and the early 2010s, and it showed a gradual increase over time. The sensitization rate of pollen were high at 10- year cycles. The sensitization rate of tree pollens showed a decreasing trend after reaching its peak in the late 1980s, but has been steadily increasing since the 2010s, with a sharp rise (over 25%) observed in 2019-2020. The sensitivity to weed and grass pollens was relatively high in the late 1990s and late 2000s, and exhibited a declining trend since. Among the animal allergens, the sensitization rate of cat allergen was the highest (45%). Conclusion We identified high rates of sensitization to house dust mites and tree pollens, and age-related changes over time. With the increasing prevalence of pet ownership, further research is necessary to monitor sensitization changes. Additionally, due to climate change, continuous monitoring of allergen sensitization rates to pollens and molds is called for.